The Winter Session of Parliament commenced from 1-12-2025 to 19-12-2025, spanning 19 days and 15 sittings, marked by significant legislative activity and debates.
The session was notable for commemorating the 150th anniversary of the National Anthem “Vande Mataram”. Extensive discussions were done on electoral reforms, fiscal priorities, and key measures shaping India’s governance and development roadmap.
During the Winter Session of 2025, 8 Acts were enacted.
Following is the list of Acts/ Bills of this Winter Session:
Key Acts
Health Security se National Security Cess Act, 2025 | Finance Ministry
On 15-12-2025, the Ministry of Law and Justice issued Health Security se National Security Cess Act, 2025, introducing a new cess aimed at generating resources for these critical sectors.
Central Excise (Amendment) Act, 2025 | Finance Ministry
On 11-12-2025, the President assented the Central Excise (Amendment) Act, 2025. It aims to modify the Fourth Schedule of Central Excise Act, 1944. The duty rates on tobacco and related products are revised, including unmanufactured tobacco (70%), tobacco refuse (60%), cigars and cigarettes (specific rates per thousand units), and other manufactured tobacco items (up to 125%). The Act also covers products containing tobacco or nicotine intended for inhalation or oral use.
Manipur Goods and Services Tax (Second Amendment) Bill, 2025 | Finance Ministry
On 10-12-2025, the Parliament passed the Manipur GST (Second Amendment) Act, 2025, since Manipur is currently under President’s rule. It aims to revise the Manipur Goods and Services Tax Act, 2017, introducing “unique identification marking” for goods, modifying provisions on local and municipal funds, and updating sections on tax liability, credit notes, and compliance. Key changes include conditions in section 39 for filing returns, new appeal rules requiring 10% penalty payment (sections 107 & 112), and insertion of section 122B imposing penalties for non-compliance with track-and-trace mechanisms. Section 148A introduces a system for affixing unique IDs on specified goods. Schedule III is amended to include SEZ and FTWZ supply provisions.
Repeal and Amendment Act, 2025 | Ministry of Law and Justice
On 21-12-2025, the Ministry of Law and Justice notified the Repealing and Amending Act, 2025 repealing the obsolete laws listed in the First Schedule and amending certain enactments specified in the Second Schedule. The Act clarifies that the repeals do not affect existing rights, liabilities, or legal proceedings, preserving continuity of law and established practices.
Sabka Bima Sabki Raksha (Amendment of Insurance Laws) Act, 2025 | Finance Ministry
On 21-12-2025, the Law Ministry issued the Sabka Bima Sabki Raksha (Amendment of Insurance Laws) Act, 2025. This legislation aims to amend:
Major changes include Section 3AA allowing 100% foreign investment in Indian insurance companies, new provisions for track-and-trace compliance, stricter penalties under Section 102 and 105BA, and enhanced powers for IRDAI under Sections 14A—14E. It also introduces mandatory KYC norms, digital policy records, and governance reforms to strengthen transparency and policyholder protection.
Sustainable Harnessing and Advancement of Nuclear Energy for Transforming India Act, 2025 | Department of Atomic Energy
On 21-12-2025, the Ministry of Law and Justice issued the Sustainable Harnessing and Advancement of Nuclear Energy for Transforming India Act, 2025, aiming to establish a framework for promoting nuclear energy and ionising radiation for power generation and applications in healthcare, agriculture, industry, and research. It mandates licensing and safety authorisation (Sections 3—4) for nuclear facilities and radiation activities, reserves strategic operations like fuel enrichment and spent fuel management for the Central Government, and introduces strict liability norms (Sections 11—16) including operator insurance and a Nuclear Liability Fund. The Act empowers the Atomic Energy Regulatory Board (Sections 17—24) for safety oversight, sets up mechanisms for compensation through Claims Commissioners and Nuclear Damage Claims Commission (Sections 53—66), and prescribes penalties for violations (Sections 70—76). It repeals the Atomic Energy Act, 1962 and the Civil Liability for Nuclear Damage Act, 2010, ensuring modernised governance aligned with Viksit Bharat’s clean energy goals.
Viksit Bharat- Guarantee for Rozgar and Ajeevika Mission (Gramin): VB-G RAM G Act, 2025 | Ministry of Rural Development
On 21-12-2025, the Central Government issued the Viksit Bharat- Guarantee for Rozgar and Ajeevika Mission (Gramin): VB- G RAM G Act, 2025. It establishes a statutory guarantee of 125 days of wage employment annually for every rural household whose adult members volunteer for unskilled manual work. It aims to align rural development with Viksit Bharat @2047, focusing on empowerment, convergence, and saturation through works aggregated into the Viksit Bharat National Rural Infrastructure Stack. Key features include planning via Viksit Gram Panchayat Plans, integration with PM Gati Shakti, and thematic works on water security, core rural infrastructure, livelihood assets, and climate resilience. The Act mandates digital governance, biometric authentication, geo-tagging, and social audits for transparency. It replaces the Mahatma Gandhi NREGA, 2005, introducing grievance redressal mechanisms, and prescribes penalties for contraventions.
Bills Introduced in Lok Sabha in Winter Session 2025
Viksit Bharat Shiksha Adhishthan Bill, 2025 | Ministry of Education
On 15-12-205, the Viksit Bharat Shiksha Adhishthan Bill, 2025 was introduced in Lok Sabha. It seeks to overhaul higher education governance by creating an apex body, Viksit Bharat Shiksha Adhishthan, and three councils: Regulatory, Accreditation, and Standards. It aims to ensure excellence in teaching, research, and innovation through simplified regulation, graded autonomy, and technology-driven transparency. The Bill mandates full accreditation for institutions, public disclosure of finances and outcomes, and robust grievance redressal. It repeals the University Grants Commission Act, 1956, All India Council for Technical Education Act, 1987 and National Council for Teacher Education Act, 1993, replacing them with a unified framework aligned with National Education Policy 2020. Institutions of national importance and eminence retain autonomy under this Act. The Bill is referred to a Joint committee.
Securities Markets Code, 2025 | Finance Ministry
On 15-12-2025, the Securities Markets Code, 2025 was introduced in Lok Sabha to introduce a framework that consolidates and modernises existing securities laws to strengthen investor protection, streamline regulation, and align with evolving technology and market practices. The Code is referred to the Departmental Standing Committee of the Lok Sabha.
Right to Disconnect Bill 2025 | Private Bill
On 5-12-2025, the Right to Disconnect Bill, 2025, was tabled in the Lok Sabha. This Bill was introduced by Mrs. Supriya Sule, Member of Parliament, proposing rights that aim to pay respect employees’ personal space by recognizing disengaging or disconnect as their legal right, while allowing companies flexibility to negotiate terms suited to their work culture. It also addresses unpaid overtime, mandates policies for remote work, and introduces counselling and digital detox initiatives to mitigate the adverse effects of hyper-connectivity.
Bills introduced in Rajya Sabha:
New Bills
On 5-12-2025, 26 Bills were introduced in Rajya Sabha that might become Act. This article lists the bills that will form new acts in 2025. This initiative will bring major changes in the legislative structure of India.
Read the entire list of New Bills.
Amendment Bills:
On 5-12-2025, a series of amendment bills were introduced in the Rajya Sabha to strengthen and modernise key laws. These Bills aim to address emerging social, technological, and governance challenges across multiple sectors. Together, they update existing Acts to ensure clearer protections, better enforcement, and improved public accountability.