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The directions were issued with the aim to institutionalize a standardized format for cataloguing witnesses, documentary evidence, and material objects, in order to facilitate better comprehension and immediate reference for all stakeholders, including the Appellate Courts
The Executing Court’s role in enforcing a decree based on a Lok Adalat award under the Legal Services Authorities Act, 1987 is limited to execution alone. It cannot annul, set aside, or question the validity of the award, and objections in execution cannot serve as an alternative remedy to challenge the award.
The Court observed that the husband, being a judicial officer holding a responsible public position, owed a heightened duty of fair, adequate, and dignified financial security for his wife and daughter.
The Court directed that directions issued in L. Muruganantham v. State of T.N., 2025 SCC OnLine SC 1444, shall be extended to all the States and the Union Territories, to ensure that the principles are adopted mutatis mutandis within their prison systems as well.
BPL Ltd., having knowingly entered into the bill discounting agreement, was bound by its terms. Since it defaulted on repayment for years, the stipulated 36% compound interest could not be considered burdensome or oppressive.
“The rights guaranteed to persons with disabilities are not acts of benevolence, but expressions of the constitutional promise of equality, dignity, and non-discrimination enshrined in Articles 14, 19, and 21 of the Constitution”.
“The State and its instrumentalities bear an affirmative obligation to ensure that no citizen, least of all children, elderly people and patients, are exposed to preventable injury or disease within public premises”.
“A balance has to be struck to protect individual liberty of accused and to secure an environment that is free from any fear in the hearts of victims of the alleged perpetrators. Although grant of bail is a discretionary exercise, the courts must be cautious to exercise the discretion judiciously.”
The Court also specified 6 Key Areas of focus for Project Ability Empowerment and directed the Centre to present their explanation on issues concerning Reservation for the differently abled.
The practice of delay in uploading the reasoned judgment deprived the aggrieved party of the opportunity to seek further judicial redressal, particularly in criminal matters wherein the appeal was dismissed affirming the judgment and order of conviction passed by the Trial Court.
Witness Protection Scheme is a remedial and curative measure, designed to neutralise the effects of threats once they have materialised. Bail cancellation, on the other hand, is a preventive and supervisory function of the criminal court, whose duty is to ensure that the trial proceeds unpolluted by intimidation.
“The offence of “child abuse” cannot be attracted to every trivial or isolated incident involving a child, but must necessarily co-relate with acts involving cruelty, exploitation, deliberate ill-treatment, or conduct intended to cause harm”.
“Incestuous sexual violence committed by a parent is a distinct category of offence that tears through the foundational fabric of familial trust and must invite the severest condemnation in both language and sentence”.
The Court stated that though the appellant was illiterate, he was not irrational, as he had a plan in mind which he executed, thereby achieving his goal.
Since the offence was committed on 20-5-2019, the amended provision of Section 6 of the Protection of Children from Sexual Offences (Amendment) Act, 2019, which came into force on 16-8-2019, could not have been applied to his case.
The Court stated that while considering the bail applications, accounting for the criminal antecedents of the accused has been a subject matter of concern for the courts across the country.
“Mental health is an integral component of the right to life under Article 21 of the Constitution which has been upheld by the Court time and again.”
“Grant of bail to the person accused of such grave offences without assigning reasons shakes the conscience of the Court and would have an adverse impact on the society”.
Considering the unprecedented gravity of this custodial torture case, the systematic cover-up orchestrated by local police machinery and institutional bias, the Court directed the transfer of investigation to the CBI.
The Court opined that the chats depicted the stark reality about the behavioural pattern of the complainant who appeared to be having manipulative and vindictive tendency.