{"id":68481,"date":"2016-09-11T00:03:47","date_gmt":"2016-09-10T18:33:47","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/?p=68481"},"modified":"2016-10-05T18:24:47","modified_gmt":"2016-10-05T12:54:47","slug":"dna-test-to-determine-paternity-cannot-be-ordered-on-mere-allegation-of-infidelity","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2016\/09\/11\/dna-test-to-determine-paternity-cannot-be-ordered-on-mere-allegation-of-infidelity\/","title":{"rendered":"DNA test to determine paternity cannot be ordered on mere allegation of infidelity"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Delhi High Court:<\/strong> A Division Bench of Gita Mittal and I.S. Mehta JJ. evaluated a plea of legitimacy of a child by the husband against the wife. The child was born in October 2013 and the husband contended that he did not have access to his wife since the beginning of the year 2013, whereas, the wife\u2019s contention was that the DNA test of the child cannot be made on a bald allegation of infidelity. The case revolved around the rebuttable presumption of legitimacy attached to a child born of a married woman during subsistence of marriage or within 280 days of its severance.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The High Court found from the pleadings that the husband had made categorical assertions to the paternity of the child in public records and before the family court. It is only later in the pleadings that the husband had made an equivocal\/unclear allegation of infidelity. The court held such an allegation alone could not call in question the legitimacy of the child. The Court held that the standard of proof required to satisfy Section 112 of the Evidence Act, was very high and that DNA test could not be ordered on a mere allegation by one of the spouses.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The Court then enlisted established principles to be kept in a judicial mind while deciding with such cases: &#8211;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>DNA Testing <\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>A rebuttable presumption of legitimacy is attached to a child born of a married woman during a subsistence of marriage or within 280 days of its severance.\u00a0(Section 112 of the Evidence Act; Kamti Devi v. Poshi Ram, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.scconline.com\/LoginForNewsLink\/2001_5_SCC_311\">(2001) 5 SCC 311<\/a> para 11; Banarsi Dass v. Teeku Datta, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.scconline.com\/LoginForNewsLink\/2005_4_SCC_449\">(2005) 4 SCC 449<\/a> para 10; Sham Lal v. Sanjeev Kumar, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.scconline.com\/LoginForNewsLink\/2009_12_SCC_454\">(2009) 12 SCC 454<\/a> para 10)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>The DNA test is not to be directed as a matter of routine. Such direction can be given only in deserving cases.\u00a0(Banarsi Dass v. Teeku Datta, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.scconline.com\/LoginForNewsLink\/2005_4_SCC_449\">(2005) 4 SCC 449<\/a> para 14)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>The court must exercise its discretion only after balancing the interests of the parties and on due consideration whether for a just decision in the matter, DNA test is eminently needed.\u00a0(Sharda v. Dharampal, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.scconline.com\/LoginForNewsLink\/2003_4_SCC_493\">(2003) 4 SCC 493<\/a> para 80; Bhabani Prasad Jena v. Orissa State Commission for Women, (2010) 8 SCC 633)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>There must be a strong prima facie case in that the husband must establish non-access in order to dispel the presumption arising under Section 112 of the Evidence Act.\u00a0(Goutam Kundu v. State of West Bengal, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.scconline.com\/LoginForNewsLink\/1993_3_SCC_418\">(1993) 3 SCC 418<\/a>)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>The court would exercise discretion, only after balancing the interests of the parties and on consideration as to whether for a just decision in the matter the DNA test is imminently needed i.e. as to whether it is not possible for the court to reach the truth without use of such test. For so concluding, the court has to consider materials placed by both parties and the test shall not be ordered in routine for a roving enquiry.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Access<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u201cAccess\u201d and \u201cnon-access\u201d mean the existence or non existence of opportunities for sexual intercourse; it does not mean actual \u201ccohabitation\u201d.\u00a0(Karapaya Servai v. Mayandi, AIR 1934 PC 49; Goutam Kundu v. State of West Bengal, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.scconline.com\/LoginForNewsLink\/1993_3_SCC_418\">(1993) 3 SCC 418<\/a> para 24)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Burden of legitimacy <\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>In a civilised society it is imperative to presume the legitimacy of a child born during continuation of a valid marriage and whose parents had \u201caccess\u201d to each other.\u00a0(Sham Lal v. Sanjeev Kumar, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.scconline.com\/LoginForNewsLink\/2009_12_SCC_454\">(2009) 12 SCC 454<\/a> para 42)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>Burden of proving illegitimacy is on the person who makes such allegation.\u00a0(Banarasi Dass v. Teeku Datta, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.scconline.com\/LoginForNewsLink\/2005_4_SCC_449\">(2005) 4 SCC 449<\/a> para 10)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>The party who wants to dislodge the conclusiveness has the burden to show a negative, not merely that he did not have the opportunity to approach his wife but that she too did not have the opportunity of approaching him during the relevant time.\u00a0(Kamti Devi v. Poshi Ram, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.scconline.com\/LoginForNewsLink\/2001_5_SCC_311\">(2001) 5 SCC 311<\/a> para 10)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Presumption of legitimacy <\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>The presumption under Section 112 of the Indian Evidence Act can only be displaced by a strong preponderance of evidence, and not by a mere balance of probabilities or on the basis of slender material. The standard of proof in such cases must be of a degree in between the preponderance of probability and proof beyond reasonable doubt by way of abundant caution and has a matter of public policy.\u00a0(Kamti Devi v. Poshi Ram, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.scconline.com\/LoginForNewsLink\/2001_5_SCC_311\">(2001) 5 SCC 311<\/a> paras 11 &amp; 12)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>The presumption can only be rebutted by a strong, clear, satisfying and conclusive evidence. The presumption cannot be displaced by mere balance of probabilities or any circumstance creating doubt.\u00a0(Sham Lal v. Sanjeev Kumar, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.scconline.com\/LoginForNewsLink\/2009_12_SCC_454\">(2009) 12 SCC 454<\/a> para 39)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>The verdict of displacement of the presumption shall not be rendered on the basis of slender materials. If a husband and wife were living together during the time of conception but the DNA test revealed that the child was not born to the husband, the conclusiveness in law would remain irrebuttable.\u00a0(Kamti Devi v. Poshi Ram, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.scconline.com\/LoginForNewsLink\/2001_5_SCC_311\">(2001) 5 SCC 311 <\/a>para 11; Banarasi Dass v. Teeku Datta, (2005) 4 SCC 449 para 13)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>The courts must be inclined towards upholding the legitimacy of the child unless the facts are so compulsive and clinching as to necessarily warrant a finding that the child could not at all have been begotten to the father and as such a legitimation of the child would result in rank injustice to the father.\u00a0(Dukhtar Jahan v. Mohd. Farooq, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.scconline.com\/LoginForNewsLink\/1987_1_SCC_624\">(1987) 1 SCC 624)<\/a>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>[W v. H,\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.scconline.com\/LoginForNewsLink\/2016_SCC_OnLine_Del_4786\">2016 SCC OnLine Del 4786<\/a>, decided on 26.08.2016]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Delhi High Court: A Division Bench of Gita Mittal and I.S. Mehta JJ. evaluated a plea of legitimacy of a child by <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":81,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3,10],"tags":[2637,9141],"class_list":["post-68481","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-casebriefs","category-highcourts","tag-DNA","tag-paternity-test"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v26.4 (Yoast SEO v26.4) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>DNA test to determine paternity cannot be ordered on mere allegation of infidelity | SCC Times<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2016\/09\/11\/dna-test-to-determine-paternity-cannot-be-ordered-on-mere-allegation-of-infidelity\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"DNA test to determine paternity cannot be ordered on mere allegation of infidelity\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Delhi High Court: A Division Bench of Gita Mittal and I.S. 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Only in exceptional and deserving cases, where such a test becomes indispensable to resolve\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Case Briefs&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"\u201cChild cannot be used as a pawn to prove allegation of adultery against wife\u201d; SC lays down scope of using DNA profiling in divorce cases","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/MicrosoftTeams-image-474.png?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/MicrosoftTeams-image-474.png?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/MicrosoftTeams-image-474.png?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/MicrosoftTeams-image-474.png?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":254444,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2021\/09\/20\/legitimacy-of-a-child\/","url_meta":{"origin":68481,"position":1},"title":"Ker HC |\u00a0Can DNA test be conducted to determine legitimacy of a child in a divorce petition without the child being on the party array? HC answers","author":"Editor","date":"September 20, 2021","format":false,"excerpt":"Kerala High Court: A.Muhamed Mustaque and Kauser Edappagath, JJ., addressed an interesting question of law, Can a direction to undergo DNA Test be given in proceedings for divorce to establish the husband\u2019s assertion of infidelity and adultery on the part of the wife without the child in the party array?\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Case Briefs&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":6276,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2014\/10\/17\/dna-test-can-be-conducted-to-prove-or-disprove-allegations-of-adultery\/","url_meta":{"origin":68481,"position":2},"title":"DNA test can be conducted to prove or disprove allegations of adultery","author":"Sucheta","date":"October 17, 2014","format":false,"excerpt":"Supreme Court: Deciding the issue of proving infidelity of a spouse, the bench of J.S. Khehar and R.K. Agrawal, JJ held that DNA test can be conducted to determine the veracity of the allegations of adultery. However, considering the fact that the said test will automatically determine the issue of\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Supreme Court&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Supreme Court","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/supremecourt\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/scc-blog_Page_9.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/scc-blog_Page_9.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/scc-blog_Page_9.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/scc-blog_Page_9.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/scc-blog_Page_9.jpg?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":352985,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2025\/07\/10\/bombay-hc-refuses-dna-profiling-test-of-minor-to-establish-paternity-court-custodian-of-child-rights\/","url_meta":{"origin":68481,"position":3},"title":"\u201cCourts must act as custodian of child\u2019s rights\u201d; Bombay High Court refuses DNA Profiling Test to establish paternity","author":"Editor","date":"July 10, 2025","format":false,"excerpt":"\u201cThe presumption of conclusive proof of legitimacy of child, casts greater burden on the man to show that parties to the marriage had no access to each other at any time when the child could have been begotten. The presumption of legitimacy, therefore, must be challenged with specific plea of\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Case Briefs&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"dna profiling test of minor","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/dna-profiling-test-of-minor.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/dna-profiling-test-of-minor.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/dna-profiling-test-of-minor.webp?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/dna-profiling-test-of-minor.webp?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":294401,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2023\/06\/12\/dna-paternity-test-can-only-be-permitted-in-exceptional-circumstances-rajasthan-hcreiterates\/","url_meta":{"origin":68481,"position":4},"title":"DNA Paternity test cannot be allowed in routine manner, can only be permitted in exceptional circumstances; Rajasthan High Court reiterates","author":"Editor","date":"June 12, 2023","format":false,"excerpt":"Rajasthan High Court observed that the DNA Paternity Test requires to be conducted only in exceptional cases, and therefore, the child cannot be used as a weapon to get divorce on ground of adultery, on the strength of outcome of a DNA Paternity Test.","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Case Briefs&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Rajasthan High Court","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/MicrosoftTeams-image-518.png?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/MicrosoftTeams-image-518.png?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/MicrosoftTeams-image-518.png?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/MicrosoftTeams-image-518.png?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":213720,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2019\/04\/19\/del-hc-mere-assertions-disputing-paternity-of-child-not-sufficient-to-order-dna-test-especially-in-light-of-s-112-of-evidence-act\/","url_meta":{"origin":68481,"position":5},"title":"Del HC | Mere assertions disputing paternity of child not sufficient to order DNA test, especially in light of S. 112 of Evidence Act","author":"Bhumika Indulia","date":"April 19, 2019","format":false,"excerpt":"Delhi High Court:\u00a0A Bench of G.S. Sistani and Jyoti Singh, JJ. dismissed an appeal filed against the order of the family court whereby the appellant's application demanding a DNA test of the child born to her wife was rejected. In his pleadings, the husband had submitted that the wife was\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Case Briefs&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]}],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/68481","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/81"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=68481"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/68481\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=68481"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=68481"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=68481"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}