{"id":6767,"date":"2015-08-12T10:08:00","date_gmt":"2015-08-12T10:08:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/localhost\/sccblog\/?p=6767"},"modified":"2015-10-14T12:46:08","modified_gmt":"2015-10-14T07:16:08","slug":"restrictive-interpretation-of-victim-and-legal-heir-in-the-light-of-sections-2-wa-and-372-of-crpc-overruled","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2015\/08\/12\/restrictive-interpretation-of-victim-and-legal-heir-in-the-light-of-sections-2-wa-and-372-of-crpc-overruled\/","title":{"rendered":"Restrictive interpretation of \u201cvictim\u201d and \u201clegal heir\u201d in the light of sections 2(wa) and 372 of CrPC, overruled"},"content":{"rendered":"

Delhi High Court<\/span><\/b>:  In reference of a matter to Full Bench concerning locus standi<\/i> of private parties to maintain appeals by virtue of the proviso to Section 372 CrPC. The Court overruled its previous view decided in Chattar Singh v. Subhash <\/i> 2011 SCC OnLine Del 81<\/a> : (2011) 123 DRJ 257 (DB) wherein, it was held that the appellant being a Class II heir would not inherit any thing from his deceased son. Thus, would not fall within the expression \u2018legal heir\u2019 in the light of Section 2(wa) and hence he is not entitled to prefer an appeal  by virtue of  proviso attached to Section 372 of CrPC .<\/span><\/p>\n

While adjudicating this matter two questions arose for the court\u2019s consideration by virtue of the order of reference. Firstly, whether the term \u2018victim\u2019 which includes \u2018legal heirs\u2019 means persons entitled to the property of the victim under the law applicable of inheritance or would embrace any person who has suffered any loss or injury caused by crime\/offence for which the accused person has been charged. And secondly, whether the appellate remedy given under proviso of Section 372 CrPC, is available with respect to only such offences which were committed as on the date when the appellate right was conferred by law or the appellate right would be available with respect to the date of the decision or the appellate remedy is without any reference of the two points i.e. the date when the offence was committed or when the offence was committed or when the appellate right was conferred by law.<\/span><\/p>\n

The Court by making an extensive discussion on point involved in first question held that, the definition of \u2018victim\u2019 as provided in Section 2 (wa) of CrPC which includes \u2018legal heirs\u2019 cannot exclude those who actually fall within the definition of \u2018victim\u2019 by virtue of emotional harm suffered by them. The laws of inheritance, which decide one\u2019s \u2018legal heirs\u2019, are not intended to be solely determinative of the entitlement to exercise the rights of the victim, in the criminal trial\/appeal on his\/her death. The Court hereby applying the Heydon\u2019s mischief rule expanded the scope of the term by saying that it is impermissible for an appellate court to shut out an appeal by a legal heir based on his\/her not being an immediate heir, or being lower down in hierarchy vis-\u00e0-vis entitlement to the crime victim\u2019s estate. Replying to the second question the court reaffirmed the view, relying on numerous decisions decided by the Supreme Court, that right to appeal being a substantive right always acts prospectively thus, all cases in which orders were passed by any criminal court acquitting the accused or convincing him for a lesser offence or imposing inadequate compensation, passed on or after the date on which amendment was made, the victims in those cases would have the qualified right mentioned in the proviso of Section 372 CrPC. Ram Phal v. State; 2015 SCC OnLine Del 9802<\/a>; decided on 28-05-2015<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Delhi High Court:  In reference of a matter to Full Bench concerning locus standi of private parties to maintain appeals by virtue <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":7321,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[10],"tags":[3729],"class_list":["post-6767","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-highcourts","tag-legal_heir"],"yoast_head":"\nRestrictive interpretation of \u201cvictim\u201d and \u201clegal heir\u201d in the light of sections 2(wa) and 372 of CrPC, overruled | SCC Times<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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relief to uncle for transferring investigation to CBI in Lucknow Ajeet Singh Murder Case","author":"Sonali Ahuja","date":"January 3, 2026","format":false,"excerpt":"\u201cAccording to the \u2018closest legal heir test\u2019, the closest or the proximate legal heir of the victim must outshine the next closer legal heir because the administration of justice does not warrant any dispute even on determining as to who would be the \u2018legal heir\u2019 to pursue the grievance of\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Case Briefs"","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"closest legal heir test","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/closest-legal-heir-test.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/closest-legal-heir-test.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, 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record and prosecute the case in place of the informant or with the death of the informant, the act initiated by the informant also dies? The Bench\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Case Briefs"","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Karnataka High Court","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Karnataka-High-Court-1.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Karnataka-High-Court-1.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Karnataka-High-Court-1.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Karnataka-High-Court-1.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Karnataka-High-Court-1.jpg?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":213995,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2019\/04\/26\/bom-hc-victims-right-to-appeal-against-acquittal-of-accused-upheld-in-light-of-amendment-to-s-372-crpc\/","url_meta":{"origin":6767,"position":4},"title":"Bom HC | Victim’s right to appeal against acquittal of accused upheld in light of amendment to S. 372 CrPC","author":"Bhumika Indulia","date":"April 26, 2019","format":false,"excerpt":"Bombay High Court:\u00a0M.G. Giratkar, J. quashed an order passed by the Additional Sessions Judge wherein the victim's (applicant's) appeal against the acquittal of the accused was dismissed as not maintainable. The accused was prosecuted for the offences punishable under Sections 354-A, 354-D, 323 and 506 IPC. He was, however, acquitted\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Case Briefs"","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/Bombay-HC.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/Bombay-HC.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/Bombay-HC.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/Bombay-HC.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/Bombay-HC.jpg?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":222761,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2019\/12\/03\/del-hc-s-372-crpc-does-not-entitle-the-victim-to-file-an-appeal-against-inadequate-sentence-restated\/","url_meta":{"origin":6767,"position":5},"title":"Del HC | S. 372 CrPC does not entitle the victim to file an appeal against inadequate sentence restated","author":"Bhumika Indulia","date":"December 3, 2019","format":false,"excerpt":"Delhi High Court:\u00a0A Division Bench of Manmohan and Sangita Dhingra Sehgal, JJ., held that the appeal filed by the complainant (father of the deceased victim) against the judgment of the trial court, challenging the inadequacy of sentence awarded to the convict, was not maintainable. The convict was sentenced to life\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Case Briefs"","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]}],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6767","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6767"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6767\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/7321"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6767"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6767"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6767"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}