{"id":400741,"date":"2026-11-07T11:00:52","date_gmt":"2026-11-07T05:30:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/?p=400741"},"modified":"2026-11-06T18:19:48","modified_gmt":"2026-11-06T12:49:48","slug":"electricity-act-section-9-arbitration-act-interim-relief","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2026\/11\/07\/electricity-act-section-9-arbitration-act-interim-relief\/","title":{"rendered":"Can the Electricity Act Displace Interim Reliefs Under Section 9 of the Arbitration Act?"},"content":{"rendered":"<div style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;\">\n<p style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Issue at hand<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">Recently, the Delhi High Court in <span style=\"font-style: italic;\">Enerica Infra 3 (P) Ltd.<\/span> v. <span style=\"font-style: italic;\">NTPC Vidyut Vyapar Nigam Ltd.<\/span><a id=\"fnref1\" href=\"#fn1\" title=\"1. 2026 SCC OnLine Del 8406\"><sup>1<\/sup><\/a> (Enerica) declined to entertain a petition seeking stay on encashment of bank guarantees after the termination of a power purchase agreement (PPA) under Section <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001544997\" target=\"_blank\">9<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002726958\" target=\"_blank\">Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996<\/a> (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002726958\" target=\"_blank\">Arbitration Act<\/a>). The court held, inter alia, that 1) under Section <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001553569\" target=\"_blank\">86(1)(<span style=\"font-style: italic;\">f<\/span>)<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002782344\" target=\"_blank\">Electricity Act, 2003<\/a> (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002782344\" target=\"_blank\">Electricity Act<\/a>), the dispute lies with the Central or State Electricity Regulatory Commission (CERC or SERC, collectively the &#8220;Commissions&#8221;); 2) the Commissions alone would decide whether the dispute should go to arbitration; and 3) its power to pass interim orders under Section <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001553578\" target=\"_blank\">94(2<\/a>), <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002782344\" target=\"_blank\">Electricity Act<\/a><a id=\"fnref2\" href=\"#fn2\" title=\"2. The Appropriate Commission shall have the powers to pass such interim order in any proceeding, hearing or matter before the Appropriate Commission, as that Commission may consider appropriate.\"><sup>2<\/sup><\/a> was akin to Section <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001544997\" target=\"_blank\">9<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002726958\" target=\"_blank\">Arbitration Act<\/a><a id=\"fnref3\" href=\"#fn3\" title=\"3. 9. Interim measures, etc., by Court.-(1) A party may, before or during arbitral proceedings or at any time after the making of the arbitral award but before it is enforced in accordance with section 36, apply to a court [&#8230;.] and the Court shall have the same power for making orders as it has for the purpose of, and in relation to, any proceedings before it. (2) Where, before the commencement of the arbitral proceedings, a Court passes an order for any interim measure of protection under sub-section (1), the arbitral proceedings shall be commenced within a period of ninety days from the date of such order or within such further time as the Court may determine.\"><sup>3<\/sup><\/a>. The court followed its own judgment in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-9002972020\" target=\"_blank\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><span style=\"font-style: italic;\">Renew Wind Energy (AP2) (P) Ltd.<\/span> v. <span style=\"font-style: italic;\">Solar Energy Corpn. of India<\/span><\/span><\/a><a id=\"fnref4\" href=\"#fn4\" title=\"4. 2025 SCC OnLine Del 8252.\"><sup>4<\/sup><\/a>, (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-9002972020\" target=\"_blank\"><span style=\"font-style: italic;\">Renew<\/span><\/a>) holding that Section <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001553578\" target=\"_blank\">94(2)<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002782344\" target=\"_blank\">Electricity Act<\/a> is a statutory substitute for Section <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001544997\" target=\"_blank\">9<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002726958\" target=\"_blank\">Arbitration Act<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: bold;\">The intersection of the Electricity Act and the Arbitration Act and the arbitrability of electricity disputes<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">Both the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-9002972020\" target=\"_blank\"><span style=\"font-style: italic;\">Renew<\/span><\/a> and <span style=\"font-style: italic;\">Enerica<\/span> judgments rest on the Supreme Court&#8217;s decision in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0000041391\" target=\"_blank\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><span style=\"font-style: italic;\">Gujarat Urja Vikas Nigam Ltd.<\/span> v. <span style=\"font-style: italic;\">Essar Power Ltd.<\/span><\/span><\/a><a id=\"fnref5\" href=\"#fn5\" title=\"5. (2008) 4 SCC 755.\"><sup>5<\/sup><\/a> (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0000041391\" target=\"_blank\"><span style=\"font-style: italic;\">GUVNL<\/span><\/a>), which dealt with the question of who appoints the arbitrator in a dispute between a licensee and a generating company: The competent court under Section <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001544910\" target=\"_blank\">11<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002726958\" target=\"_blank\">Arbitration Act<\/a> or the Commission under Section <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001553569\" target=\"_blank\">86(1)(<span style=\"font-style: italic;\">f<\/span>)<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002782344\" target=\"_blank\">Electricity Act<\/a>. The Supreme Court read the word &#8220;and&#8221; in Section <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001553569\" target=\"_blank\">86(1)(<span style=\"font-style: italic;\">f<\/span>)<\/a> as &#8220;or&#8221; to conclude that the SERC may either adjudicate the dispute or refer it to arbitration. It held that the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002782344\" target=\"_blank\">Electricity Act<\/a>, being a special statute, would override Section <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001544910\" target=\"_blank\">11<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002726958\" target=\"_blank\">Arbitration Act<\/a>, while all other provisions of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002726958\" target=\"_blank\">Arbitration Act<\/a> would continue to apply unless the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002782344\" target=\"_blank\">Electricity Act<\/a> contains a conflicting provision. A three-Judge Bench of the Supreme Court has since reaffirmed this, noting that Section 174 gives the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002782344\" target=\"_blank\">Electricity Act<\/a> overriding effect only over provisions &#8220;inconsistent therewith&#8221;.<a id=\"fnref6\" href=\"#fn6\" title=\"6. M.P. Power Trading Co. Ltd. v. Narmada Equipments (P) Ltd., (2021) 14 SCC 548.\"><sup>6<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">While the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0000041391\" target=\"_blank\"><span style=\"font-style: italic;\">GUVNL<\/span><\/a> judgment settled as to who is competent to refer such a dispute to arbitration, it did not decide which disputes may be referred. The Appellate Tribunal for Electricity (Tribunal) answered that issue in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-9002342524\" target=\"_blank\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><span style=\"font-style: italic;\">M.P. Power Management Co. Ltd.<\/span> v. <span style=\"font-style: italic;\">Damodar Valley Corpn.<\/span><\/span><\/a><a id=\"fnref7\" href=\"#fn7\" title=\"7. 2024 SCC OnLine APTEL 76.\"><sup>7<\/sup><\/a> (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-9002342524\" target=\"_blank\"><span style=\"font-style: italic;\">DVC<\/span><\/a>). Considering a dispute over the termination of PPAs, the Tribunal held that 1) all matters that would have a bearing upon the tariff would constitute tariff disputes that must be adjudicated upon by the Commission; and 2) disputes related to termination or breach of contract that do not impact the tariff can be considered non-tariff disputes and must be referred to arbitration. The Supreme Court rejected a challenge to the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-9002342524\" target=\"_blank\"><span style=\"font-style: italic;\">DVC<\/span><\/a> judgment.<\/span><a id=\"fnref8\" href=\"#fn8\" title=\"8. Damodar Valley Corpn. v. M.P. Power Management Co. Ltd., 2024 SCC OnLine SC 2936.\"><sup>8<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">The issue and the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-9002342524\" target=\"_blank\"><span style=\"font-style: italic;\">DVC<\/span><\/a> judgment again came up before the Tribunal in <span style=\"font-style: italic;\">Gujarat Urja Vikas Nigam Ltd.<\/span> v. <span style=\"font-style: italic;\">Tata Power Co. Ltd.<\/span><\/span><a id=\"fnref9\" href=\"#fn9\" title=\"9. 2026 SCC OnLine APTEL 104 .\"><sup>9<\/sup><\/a> (Tata Power). Following the case of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-9002342524\" target=\"_blank\"><span style=\"font-style: italic;\">DVC<\/span><\/a>, the Tribunal affirmed that 1) tariff and regulatory disputes are non-arbitrable even if an arbitration agreement exists, and 2) disputes connected with clauses (<span style=\"font-style: italic;\">a<\/span>) to (<span style=\"font-style: italic;\">d<\/span>) of Section 79(1) that neither relate to regulatory functions nor affect tariff can be adjudicated by CERC or referred to arbitration in the exercise of its discretionary jurisdiction. Interestingly, the Tata Power judgment, while holding that the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-9002342524\" target=\"_blank\"><span style=\"font-style: italic;\">DVC<\/span><\/a> case is binding, departs from it in two respects. <span style=\"font-style: italic;\">First<\/span>, it allows the CERC to refer a dispute to arbitration only where the dispute relates to clauses (<span style=\"font-style: italic;\">a<\/span>) to (<span style=\"font-style: italic;\">d<\/span>) of Section 79(1), whereas the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-9002342524\" target=\"_blank\"><span style=\"font-style: italic;\">DVC<\/span><\/a> judgment holds that non-tariff disputes between a generating company and a distribution licensee do not fall within Section 79(1)(<span style=\"font-style: italic;\">f<\/span>) at all. <span style=\"font-style: italic;\">Second<\/span>, it treats referral as discretionary (not mandatory), whereas the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-9002342524\" target=\"_blank\"><span style=\"font-style: italic;\">DVC<\/span><\/a> judgment holds that the Commission is &#8220;bound to refer the dispute for arbitration&#8221;. The Tribunal rejected Tata Power&#8217;s review of the Tata Power judgment.<\/span><a id=\"fnref10\" href=\"#fn10\" title=\"10. Tata Power Co. Ltd. v. Gujarat Urja Vikas Nigam Ltd., 2026 SCC OnLine APTEL 96.\"><sup>10<\/sup><\/a> A civil appeal against the Tata Power judgment is now pending before the Supreme Court.<\/span><a id=\"fnref11\" href=\"#fn11\" title=\"11. Diary No. 37812 of 2026.\"><sup>11<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Renew and Enerica judgments: Section 94(2), Electricity Act as a substitute for Section 9, Arbitration Act<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">In the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-9002972020\" target=\"_blank\"><span style=\"font-style: italic;\">Renew<\/span><\/a> judgment, the respondent alleged that the petitioner had failed to meet the minimum energy requirement under the PPA for Financial Year 2024&#8212;2025. The petitioner attributed this to force majeure and sought, under Section <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001544997\" target=\"_blank\">9<\/span><\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002726958\" target=\"_blank\">Arbitration Act<\/span><\/a>, to restrain SECI from deducting amounts from its monthly energy invoices. On 3 November 2025, the Delhi High Court dismissed the petition, holding that CERC has the exclusive power under Section <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001553561\" target=\"_blank\">79(1)(<span style=\"font-style: italic;\">f<\/span>)<\/span><\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002782344\" target=\"_blank\">Electricity Act<\/span><\/a> to refer such disputes to arbitration, and that Section <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001553578\" target=\"_blank\">94(2)<\/span><\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002782344\" target=\"_blank\">Electricity Act<\/span><\/a> is a statutory substitute for Section 9, with a direction under it remaining in force until the Arbitral Tribunal is constituted.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">In the <span style=\"font-style: italic;\">Enerica<\/span> judgment, the petitioner terminated the PPA and sought protection under Section <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001544997\" target=\"_blank\">9<\/span><\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002726958\" target=\"_blank\">Arbitration Act<\/span><\/a> against the respondents invoking the bank guarantees. While dismissing the petition, the High Court held that, reading Sections <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001553569\" target=\"_blank\">86(1)(<span style=\"font-style: italic;\">f<\/span>)<\/span><\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001553464\" target=\"_blank\">158<\/span><\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002782344\" target=\"_blank\">Electricity Act<\/span><\/a> together with Section <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001553578\" target=\"_blank\">94(2<\/span><\/a><\/span>), the SERC can pass interim orders akin to those of a civil court under Section <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001544997\" target=\"_blank\">9<\/span><\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002726958\" target=\"_blank\">Arbitration Act<\/span><\/a>. In addition, there was an agreed Rs 25 crore limit on arbitration in the PPA. Section <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001553578\" target=\"_blank\">94(2)<\/span><\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002782344\" target=\"_blank\">Electricity Act<\/span><\/a> was held to be an adequate substitute for Section <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001544997\" target=\"_blank\">9<\/span><\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002726958\" target=\"_blank\">Arbitration Act<\/span><\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">In both cases, the court did not examine whether the dispute was arbitrable (that is, whether it was a tariff or non-tariff dispute). It held simply that Section <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001553578\" target=\"_blank\">94(2)<\/span><\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002782344\" target=\"_blank\">Electricity Act<\/span><\/a> is the appropriate remedy and that the Commissions, and not the court under Section <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001544997\" target=\"_blank\">9<\/span><\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002726958\" target=\"_blank\">Arbitration Act<\/span><\/a>, are the appropriate fora for interim relief.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">It is noteworthy that Section <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001544997\" target=\"_blank\">9<\/span><\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002726958\" target=\"_blank\">Arbitration Act<\/span><\/a> and Section <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001553578\" target=\"_blank\">94(2)<\/span><\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002782344\" target=\"_blank\">Electricity Act<\/span><\/a> do not conflict, because they operate at different stages of a dispute. Section <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001544997\" target=\"_blank\">9<\/span><\/a> is also available <span style=\"font-style: italic;\">before<\/span>, during and after arbitral proceedings, including before arbitration has commenced. Section <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001553578\" target=\"_blank\">94(2<\/span><\/a><\/span>) empowers the Commission to pass interim orders only &#8220;in any proceeding, hearing or matter before it&#8221;, which presupposes a pending <span style=\"font-style: italic;\">lis<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"\">Consider a PPA containing an arbitration clause. The generator terminates it, and the procurer disputes the termination and threatens to invoke the bank guarantee. On the test in the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-9002342524\" target=\"_blank\"><span style=\"font-style: italic;\">DVC<\/span><\/a> judgment, this is a non-tariff and therefore arbitrable dispute. Yet under the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-9002972020\" target=\"_blank\"><span style=\"font-style: italic;\">Renew<\/span><\/a><\/span> and <span style=\"font-style: italic;\">Enerica<\/span> judgments, the generator must first approach the Commission and is denied Section <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001544997\" target=\"_blank\">9<\/span><\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002726958\" target=\"_blank\">Arbitration Act<\/span><\/a>. This is problematic because:<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 36pt; text-indent: -18pt;\">1. Parliament made Section <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001544997\" target=\"_blank\">9<\/span><\/a> available before the commencement of arbitration because of the urgent nature of reliefs in commercial transactions.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 36pt; text-indent: -18pt;\">2. The <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-9002972020\" target=\"_blank\"><span style=\"font-style: italic;\">Renew<\/span><\/a><\/span> and <span style=\"font-style: italic;\">Enerica<\/span> judgments add another layer of litigation. The party must file a petition before the Commission, with an application for interim relief, and seek interim protection from the Commission until the arbitral proceedings commence.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 36pt; text-indent: -18pt;\">3. This additional round of litigation may be futile since:<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 54pt; text-indent: -18pt;\">(<span style=\"font-style: italic;\">a<\/span>) The petition before the Commission would seek a reference of the non-tariff dispute to arbitration.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 54pt; text-indent: -18pt;\">(<span style=\"font-style: italic;\">b<\/span>) The interim application in that very petition, however, would ask the Commission for relief by making out a prima facie case on the merits of the same dispute. This cuts against the settled position that interim relief is granted in aid of the final relief.<\/span><a id=\"fnref12\" href=\"#fn12\" title=\"12. State of Orissa v. Madan Gopal Rungta, 1951 SCC 1024.\"><sup>12<\/sup><\/a> Here the only final relief that can be granted by the Commission is a reference to arbitration, and the Commission cannot grant relief on the merits of a dispute that it is bound to refer. There is therefore no final relief in aid of which an interim order can be passed.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 54pt; text-indent: -18pt; margin-bottom: 3%;\">(<span style=\"font-style: italic;\">c<\/span>) At the stage of granting interim relief, the court or forum must record its <span style=\"font-style: italic;\">prima facie<\/span> satisfaction that the proceeding before it is maintainable, as stated by the Supreme Court in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-9002046158\" target=\"_blank\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><span style=\"font-style: italic;\">Asma Lateef<\/span> v. <span style=\"font-style: italic;\">Shabbir Ahmad<\/span><\/span><\/a> (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-9002046158\" target=\"_blank\"><span style=\"font-style: italic; text-decoration: underline; text-underline-style: solid; text-underline-mode: continuous; text-underline-color: #0000ff; color: #0000ff;\">Asma Lateef<\/span><\/a>).<\/span><a id=\"fnref13\" href=\"#fn13\" title=\"13. (2024) 4 SCC 696.\"><sup>13<\/sup><\/a> When the Commission cannot adjudicate upon a non-tariff dispute, it may not be competent to evaluate whether a prima facie case with a likelihood of success and a balance of convenience has been made out in proceedings seeking a reference of the dispute to arbitration for the grant of interim relief.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">Section <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001544997\" target=\"_blank\">9<\/span><\/a> avoids all of this. The party gets its remedy from the court and does not go through a forum that may not be able to give it. The arbitration ought to commence within 90 days. It is important to note the approach of the court at the Section <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001544997\" target=\"_blank\">9<\/span><\/a> stage. The court may examine, prima facie, whether the dispute is arbitrable (to see maintainability), which is the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-9002046158\" target=\"_blank\"><span style=\"font-style: italic; text-decoration: underline; text-underline-style: solid; text-underline-mode: continuous; text-underline-color: #0000ff; color: #0000ff;\">Asma Lateef<\/span><\/a><\/span> principle at the interim stage. In <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-9003462434\" target=\"_blank\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><span style=\"font-style: italic;\">Kuber Mart Global Hub (P) Ltd.<\/span> v. <span style=\"font-style: italic;\">Kuber Mart Industries (P) Ltd.<\/span><\/span><\/a><a id=\"fnref14\" href=\"#fn14\" title=\"14. 2026 SCC OnLine Del 3254.\"><sup>14<\/sup><\/a> the Delhi High Court addressed this in the context of rent control legislation. It held that the prima facie case must go beyond the formal existence of an arbitration agreement and must include an assessment of whether the disputes are, in law, capable of being resolved through arbitration. Where a dispute is ex facie non-arbitrable, or is barred from arbitration by operation of statute, the court cannot grant interim relief on the assumption that arbitral proceedings would validly ensue. The court also held that a party cannot bypass the exclusive forum of a self-contained statutory code by resorting to arbitration, or by seeking interim measures in aid of it.<\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">The same test applies to power sector disputes. The <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002782344\" target=\"_blank\">Electricity Act<\/span><\/a><\/span> reserves tariff matters for the Commissions, so a party that dresses up a tariff dispute as an arbitrable one must be turned away. A non-tariff dispute covered by an arbitration agreement does not bypass the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002782344\" target=\"_blank\">Electricity Act<\/span><\/a>, as the Act itself permits such disputes to go to arbitration.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Conclusion<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">The <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002782344\" target=\"_blank\">Electricity Act<\/span><\/a>&#8216;s primacy in electricity disputes does not require the wholesale exclusion of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002726958\" target=\"_blank\">Arbitration Act<\/span><\/a>. The distinction is between the power to refer a dispute to arbitration and the power to preserve its subject matter pending arbitration. Treating Section <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001553578\" target=\"_blank\">94(2<\/span><\/a><\/span>) as a substitute for Section <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001544997\" target=\"_blank\">9<\/span><\/a> conflates these distinct functions.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">The preferable approach is to preserve both statutory schemes. A court approached under Section <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001544997\" target=\"_blank\">9<\/span><\/a> should first examine whether the dispute is prima facie arbitrable. Where a non-tariff dispute is covered by an arbitration agreement, the court should consider interim protection on its merits, leaving the reference to arbitration to the competent Commission. This approach respects the Commission&#8217;s statutory role without making access to urgent judicial protection contingent on first commencing proceedings before it.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">The broader legislative policy reinforces this conclusion. Having extended Section <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001544997\" target=\"_blank\">9<\/span><\/a> to foreign-seated arbitrations, Parliament could scarcely have intended an arbitrable dispute seated in India to lose access to that protection merely because it arises in the electricity sector. The <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-9002972020\" target=\"_blank\"><span style=\"font-style: italic;\">Renew<\/span><\/a><\/span> and <span style=\"font-style: italic;\">Enerica<\/span> judgments therefore warrant reconsideration: The Commission&#8217;s control over the reference to arbitration should not become a barrier to preserving the subject matter of that arbitration.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<hr\/>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 18pt; text-indent: -18pt;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000080;\">*Senior Partner, Chair-Disputes, Cyril Amarchand Mangaldas.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 18pt; text-indent: -18pt;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000080;\">**Senior Associate, Cyril Amarchand Mangaldas.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 18pt; text-indent: -18pt;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000080;\">***Associate, Cyril Amarchand Mangaldas.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 18pt; text-indent: -18pt;\"><a id=\"fn1\" href=\"#fnref1\">1.<\/a> 2026 SCC OnLine Del 8406<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 18pt; text-indent: -18pt;\"><a id=\"fn2\" href=\"#fnref2\">2.<\/a> The Appropriate Commission shall have the powers to pass such interim order in any proceeding, hearing or matter before the Appropriate Commission, as that Commission may consider appropriate.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 18pt; text-indent: -18pt;\"><a id=\"fn3\" href=\"#fnref3\">3.<\/a> 9. Interim measures, etc., by Court.-(1) A party may, before or during arbitral proceedings or at any time after the making of the arbitral award but before it is enforced in accordance with section 36, apply to a court [&#8230;.] and the Court shall have the same power for making orders as it has for the purpose of, and in relation to, any proceedings before it. (2) Where, before the commencement of the arbitral proceedings, a Court passes an order for any interim measure of protection under sub-section (1), the arbitral proceedings shall be commenced within a period of ninety days from the date of such order or within such further time as the Court may determine.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 18pt; text-indent: -18pt;\"><a id=\"fn4\" href=\"#fnref4\">4.<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-9002972020\" target=\"_blank\">2025 SCC OnLine Del 8252<\/span><\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 18pt; text-indent: -18pt;\"><a id=\"fn5\" href=\"#fnref5\">5.<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0000041391\" target=\"_blank\">(2008) 4 SCC 755<\/span><\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 18pt; text-indent: -18pt;\"><a id=\"fn6\" href=\"#fnref6\">6.<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-9001469493\" target=\"_blank\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><span style=\"font-style: italic;\">M.P. Power Trading Co. Ltd.<\/span> v. <span style=\"font-style: italic;\">Narmada Equipments (P) Ltd.<\/span><\/span><\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-9001469493\" target=\"_blank\">(2021) 14 SCC 548<\/span><\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 18pt; text-indent: -18pt;\"><a id=\"fn7\" href=\"#fnref7\">7.<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-9002342524\" target=\"_blank\">2024 SCC OnLine APTEL 76<\/span><\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 18pt; text-indent: -18pt;\"><a id=\"fn8\" href=\"#fnref8\">8.<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-9002347994\" target=\"_blank\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><span style=\"font-style: italic;\">Damodar Valley Corpn.<\/span> v. <span style=\"font-style: italic;\">M.P. Power Management Co. Ltd.<\/span><\/span><\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-9002347994\" target=\"_blank\">2024 SCC OnLine SC 2936<\/span><\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 18pt; text-indent: -18pt;\"><a id=\"fn9\" href=\"#fnref9\">9.<\/a> 2026 SCC OnLine APTEL 104 .<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 18pt; text-indent: -18pt;\"><a id=\"fn10\" href=\"#fnref10\">10.<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-9003910727\" target=\"_blank\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><span style=\"font-style: italic;\">Tata Power Co. Ltd.<\/span> v. <span style=\"font-style: italic;\">Gujarat Urja Vikas Nigam Ltd.<\/span><\/span><\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-9003910727\" target=\"_blank\">2026 SCC OnLine APTEL 96<\/span><\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 18pt; text-indent: -18pt;\"><a id=\"fn11\" href=\"#fnref11\">11.<\/a> Diary No. 37812 of 2026.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 18pt; text-indent: -18pt;\"><a id=\"fn12\" href=\"#fnref12\">12.<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-9001278933\" target=\"_blank\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><span style=\"font-style: italic;\">State of Orissa<\/span> v. <span style=\"font-style: italic;\">Madan Gopal Rungta<\/span><\/span><\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-9001278933\" target=\"_blank\">1951 SCC 1024<\/span><\/a><\/span>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 18pt; text-indent: -18pt;\"><a id=\"fn13\" href=\"#fnref13\">13.<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-9002046158\" target=\"_blank\">(2024) 4 SCC 696<\/span><\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 18pt; text-indent: -18pt;\"><a id=\"fn14\" href=\"#fnref14\">14.<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-9003462434\" target=\"_blank\">2026 SCC OnLine Del 3254<\/span><\/a>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>by Amit Kapur*, Ankitesh Ojha**, and Vardaan Mahajan***<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":67011,"featured_media":400760,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[30936,20271],"tags":[46635,10131,119081,14631,119080,119077,25414,52936,119079,89668,119078],"class_list":["post-400741","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cam","category-experts_corner","tag-aptel","tag-arbitration-and-conciliation-act","tag-arbitration-jurisdiction","tag-electricity-act","tag-electricity-disputes","tag-gujarat-urja-vikas-nigam-ltd","tag-interim-relief","tag-regulatory-commission","tag-section-861f","tag-section-9-arbitration-act","tag-tata-power-company-ltd"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v25.1 (Yoast SEO v28.2) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Electricity Act vs Section 9 Arbitration Act: Interim Reliefs | SCC 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