{"id":396594,"date":"2026-09-19T09:00:38","date_gmt":"2026-09-19T03:30:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/?p=396594"},"modified":"2026-09-18T18:10:49","modified_gmt":"2026-09-18T12:40:49","slug":"artificial-light-pollution-migraine-neurological-stress-india","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2026\/09\/19\/artificial-light-pollution-migraine-neurological-stress-india\/","title":{"rendered":"Artificial Light and Neurological Stress: A Study on Migraine as an Emerging Public Health Concern"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

An analysis of artificial light at night (ALAN) as an emerging environmental and public health concern, focusing on its effects on circadian rhythms, neurological stress, migraine, photophobia and the need for scientifically informed light-pollution regulation in India.<\/p>\n

In 2016, Fabio Falchi and his team published a study that found that over 80 per cent of the world’s population currently resides under light-polluted skies. The study also noted that almost one-third of the human population no longer has a view of the Milky Way because of artificial light causing light pollution.1<\/sup><\/a> In a similar study, Christopher Kyba observed that the light reflected from the Earth’s surface grew by \u223c2.2 per cent per year from 2012—2016.2<\/sup><\/a> Light pollution has become one of the most unrecognised, but growing environmental problems of the modern world. Artificial light refers to the light that is in excess, misplaced or intrusive, and changes the natural darkness of the night environment.3<\/sup><\/a> Previous environmental debates have largely been concerned with air, water and noise pollution, however the recent scientific evidence reveals the harmful effects of artificial light at night (ALAN). The natural nightscape has been altered to become a permanently lighted landscape as a result of increased urban infrastructure, digital technologies, LED lighting systems and illuminated commercial spaces.4<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n

One of the main identified drivers for this increase was the widespread shift to LED lighting. Furthermore, a recent study published in 2023 by Francisco Ramírez showed that light pollution from cultural events, especially those that involve excessive decorative lighting, has a significant impact on global light pollution levels every year.5<\/sup><\/a> Such discoveries have created a new paradigm that light pollution is not just an aesthetic or astronomical concern. It has become a big environmental and public health problem.<\/p>\n

Light pollution and human health<\/p>\n

Light pollution is more than just an ecological issue. There is growing evidence that direct exposure to light produced by humans affects human biological systems. Circadian rhythms are biological mechanisms that control the functioning of the human body, and are regulated by the nucleus in the brain.6<\/sup><\/a> This biological clock regulates sleep patterns, hormone production, metabolism, immune reactions and neurological activity. Artificial light can desynchronise these rhythms and inhibit the production of melatonin, which affects natural processes.7<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n

Prof. Shanthakumar Wilson Rajaratnam at Monash University has found that inappropriate exposure to light can affect circadian timing, leading to obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, reproductive disease, suppressed immunity and even cancer.8<\/sup><\/a> In this regard, a recent review in the International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health from 2021 found that night-time exposure to light is a key factor in sleep disturbances and depression, anxiety, and cardiovascular complications.9<\/sup><\/a> The adverse effects of artificial illumination on the nervous system are of special concern. In people with migraine disorder, the effects are even worse and light can be a trigger and aggravating factor.<\/p>\n

Neurological stress, migraine, photophobia: Artificial light through led expansion<\/p>\n

Migraine is a complex neuro-entire disorder involving recurrent headaches with nausea and dizziness, sensory disturbances and visual sensitivity. Photophobia is one of the most common symptoms, which is defined as abnormal sensitivity to light. According to studies, nearly 85—90 per cent of migraine sufferers suffer from photophobia during or between migraine attacks. Many bright lights, including fluorescent, LED screens, headlights, and lighting changes in intensity can aggravate migraine.10<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

(Image Source: “Migraine Light Sensitivity Treatment,” Advanced Headache Center)<\/p>\n

The study, led by Rami Burstein of Harvard Medical School and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, has furthered clarified the understanding of light sensitivity in people with migraine.11<\/sup><\/a> In his research, Burstein discovered previously unrecognised neurological tracts that link light-sensitive retinal cells to areas of the brain that control pain perception, emotion and autonomic functions. These results suggest why the exposure to artificial light during migraine increases headache pain and physiological discomfort.12<\/sup><\/a> In one significant study conducted with migraine sufferers, researchers discovered that different colours of light caused intense emotional responses including anxiety, irritability, depression, nervousness, and fear. Physical symptoms, such as nausea, chest tightness, shortness of breath, fatigue, and dizziness were also reported. Interestingly, green light caused a lot less discomfort than blue, white, amber or red light. Burstein’s work shows that green wavelengths are less aggressive at activating retinal and neurological pathways, and thus could lead to a lower severity of migraine attacks. The implications of these results are especially important in modern urban societies where people are always exposed to artificial lighting. Today, therefore, people who suffer from migraine are constantly exposed to environmental triggers as a result of their modern digital lifestyles.<\/p>\n

With the quick growth of LED technology, there is growing concern about migraine and neurological health.13<\/sup><\/a> LEDs are energy efficient and cost effective but many LED systems produce a lot of the light that disrupts the biological processes of blue light. The American Medical Association has released guidelines about the side effects of high-intensity LED street lighting, such as sleep disruption and glare-related discomfort.14<\/sup><\/a> Research also suggests that blue-green wavelengths are especially damaging to people with photophobia. Scientists found that the human eye is very sensitive to light in the blue spectrum that is captured by intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells. These cells link directly to parts of the brain that process pain and emotions, as opposed to those required for sight and sound. Therefore, if a person is exposed to a fluorescent lighting system, computer screen or bright LED lighting, it can trigger a migraine attack even if other environmental triggers are absent.15<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n

Research has found that fluorescent lights emit invisible flickering patterns that worsen neurological stress. People with migraine often complain of suffering from more migraines at work, in hospitals, when shopping, and at school or college buildings with fluorescent lighting. With the digitalisation, this problem has been exacerbated with the increase of screen time. The constant exposure to electronic screens can cause visual fatigue, disrupt sleep patterns and lead to sensory overstimulation in young adults and working professionals, which can heighten the frequency of migraines.<\/p>\n

Way forward<\/p>\n

Light pollution is no longer confined to the domains of environmental degradation or astronomical interference; it has emerged as a significant and evolving public health concern. A growing body of scientific literature demonstrates that excessive exposure to ALAN is associated with a range of adverse health outcomes, including migraine exacerbation, photophobia, sleep disruption, psychological stress, and circadian rhythm dysregulation.16<\/sup><\/a> In rapidly urbanising contexts such as India, the unregulated proliferation of artificial lighting poses a dual threat to human well-being and ecological balance. This necessitates the formulation and implementation of scientifically informed lighting regulations and underscores the importance of recognising light pollution within the constitutional framework of the Right to Health and the Right to a Clean and Healthy Environment, as read into Article 21<\/a> of the Constitution of India<\/a>.<\/p>\n

To tackle light pollution, artificial lights need to be reinterpreted as not only a structural need but also as a quantifiable environmental exposure to which the public is exposed, with known public health consequences. In scientific literature, in recent years ALAN has been linked with sleep disorders, mood disorders, neurological disorders including migraine and photophobia and circadian rhythm disorders, due to its reduction of melatonin production. The International Agency for Research on Cancer has also added night shift work with circadian disruption to its probably carcinogenic to humans (Group 2A) list, demonstrating that human systems are biologically sensitive to exposure to light at night.<\/p>\n

However, regulatory measures in the Indian context are not yet coherent. The Environment (Protection) Rules, 1986<\/a> lay down prescribed rules for noise pollution but there is no similar rules in place for light pollution. Because of its potent effect on the disruption of circadian rhythms and aggravation of migraine, it is important to set scientifically established luminance limits for each of the urban zones and to impose spectral controls that place limits on unwanted blue-light emissions.<\/p>\n

The design of lighting for urban areas should be given a prime position in urban planning policies that address dark-sky design techniques such as shielding lights, using lights that are directed downwards, and implementing adaptive dimming systems to reduce glare and skyglow. The existing codes and standards, such as the Energy Conservation Building Code, could be updated to include not only energy efficiency, but also ecological and chronobiological aspects.<\/p>\n

Because of the nature of night-time monitoring, there are technological tools available that allow VIIRS satellite data to be used for monitoring night-time brightness and can be used to support evidence-based regulation. The Hanle Dark Sky Reserve at Ladakh in India is another example of the possibility of conserving low light levels while not compromising on the scientific and eco-tourism value.17<\/sup><\/a> In conclusion, light pollution can only be considered as an environmental stressor, having direct neurological and physiological effects.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n

*PhD Scholar (Law) Department of Laws, Panjab University, Chandigarh.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

**Director and Professor of Laws MA (Pol. Sc.), LLM, PhD (Laws) University Institute of Laws, Panjab University Regional Centre, Ludhiana.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

1.<\/a> Fabio Falchi, Pierantonio Cinzano, et al, “The New World Atlas of Artificial Night Sky Brightness” (2016) 2(6) Science Advances.<\/p>\n

2.<\/a> C. C. M. Kyba, T. Kuester, A. S. de Miguel, K. Baugh, et al, “Artificially Lit Surface of Earth at Night Increasing in Radiance and Extent” (2017) 3(11) Science Advances.<\/p>\n

3.<\/a> Rasna Rajkhowa, “Light Pollution and Impact of Light Pollution” (2014) 3(10) International Journal of Science and Research.<\/p>\n

4.<\/a> Rasna Rajkhowa, “Light Pollution and Impact of Light Pollution” (2014) 3(10) International Journal of Science and Research.<\/p>\n

5.<\/a> Francisco Ramírez, et al, “Large-scale Human Celebrations Increase Global Light Pollution” (2023) 5(5) People and Nature, 1—9.<\/p>\n

6.<\/a> American Medical Association, Council on Science and Public Health, Report on Light Pollution: Adverse Health Effects of Night-time Lighting<\/span> (2012).<\/p>\n

7.<\/a> Joshua J. Gooley, et al, “Exposure to Room Light before Bedtime Suppresses Melatonin Onset and Shortens Melatonin Duration in Humans” (2011) 96(3) The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 463.<\/p>\n

8.<\/a> Bhagirath, “Bright Light Disrupts Circadian Rhythm.” Down To Earth<\/span>, 9-11-2024, available at <https:\/\/www.downtoearth.org.in\/pollution\/bright-light-disrupts-circadian-rhythm<\/a>> last accessed 3-6-2026)<\/p>\n

9.<\/a> Davide Elia Bertani, Antonella Maria, et al, “Shedding Light on Light: A Review on the Effects on Mental Health of Exposure to Optical Radiation” (2021) 18(4) International Journal. Environment. Research Public Health.<\/p>\n

10.<\/a> Shantha M. W. Rajaratnam & Josephine Arendt, “Health in a 24-h Society” (2001) 358(9286) The Lancet 999.<\/p>\n

11.<\/a> Rami Burstein, “Physiological Basis of Migraines & Other Headaches”, Harvard Brain Science Initiative, available at <https:\/\/brain.hms.harvard.edu\/person\/rami-burstein<\/a><\/span>> last accessed 3-6-2026. <\/span><\/p>\n

12.<\/a> Rami Burstein, “Physiological Basis of Migraines & Other Headaches”, Harvard Brain Science Initiative, available at <https:\/\/brain.hms.harvard.edu\/person\/rami-burstein<\/a><\/span>> last accessed 3-6-2026.<\/span><\/p>\n

13.<\/a> Ada R. Artemenko, Elena Filatova, et al “Migraine and Light: A Narrative Review” (2022) 62(1) Headache 4.<\/p>\n

14.<\/a> American Medical Association, Council on Science and Public Health, Report on Light Pollution: Adverse Health Effects of Nighttime Lighting<\/span> (2012).<\/p>\n

15.<\/a> Rodrigo Noseda, Vanessa Kainz, et al, “A Neural Mechanism for Exacerbation of Headache by Light” (2010)13 Nature Neuroscience 239.<\/p>\n

16.<\/a> Jennifer Kritz, “Green Light for Migraine Relief: Exposure to a Narrow Band of Green Light May Reduce Light Sensitivity and Headache Severity” Harvard Medical School News (17-5-2016) available at, <https:\/\/hms.harvard.edu\/news\/green-light-migraine-relief<\/a><\/span>> last accessed 8-6-2026).<\/span><\/p>\n

17.<\/a> Hanle Dark Sky Reserve: A Science-driven Sustainable Development Project in Ladakh, Indian Institute of Astrophysics (2022).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

by Arshita Sharma* and Prof. (Dr) Ashish Virk**<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":67011,"featured_media":396595,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[42503,1191],"tags":[115059,115058,115056,115062,108455,115057,115063,115060,115061,115064],"class_list":["post-396594","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-legal-analysis","category-op-ed","tag-alan-and-migraine","tag-artificial-light-at-night","tag-artificial-light-pollution-india","tag-circadian-rhythm-disruption","tag-clean-and-healthy-environment","tag-light-pollution-and-health","tag-light-pollution-regulation-india","tag-neurological-stress-light-pollution","tag-photophobia-and-artificial-light","tag-right-to-health-article-21"],"yoast_head":"\nArtificial Light Pollution and Migraine: Emerging Public Health Concern | SCC Times<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"An analysis of artificial light pollution and its effects on migraine, photophobia, neurological stress and circadian rhythms, with a focus on regulation in India.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2026\/09\/19\/artificial-light-pollution-migraine-neurological-stress-india\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Artificial Light and Neurological Stress: A Study on Migraine as an Emerging Public Health Concern\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"An analysis of artificial light pollution and its effects on migraine, photophobia, neurological stress and circadian rhythms, with a focus on regulation in India.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2026\/09\/19\/artificial-light-pollution-migraine-neurological-stress-india\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"SCC Times\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/scc.online\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2026-09-19T03:30:38+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Artificial-light-pollution-and-migraine.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"886\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"590\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Editor\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:title\" content=\"Artificial Light and Neurological Stress: A Study on Migraine as an Emerging Public Health Concern\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Editor\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"1 minute\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.scconline.com\\\/blog\\\/post\\\/2026\\\/09\\\/19\\\/artificial-light-pollution-migraine-neurological-stress-india\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.scconline.com\\\/blog\\\/post\\\/2026\\\/09\\\/19\\\/artificial-light-pollution-migraine-neurological-stress-india\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Editor\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.scconline.com\\\/blog\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/84e42bab48238baf12c7e33b3d9761fe\"},\"headline\":\"Artificial Light and Neurological Stress: A Study on Migraine as an Emerging Public Health Concern\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-09-19T03:30:38+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.scconline.com\\\/blog\\\/post\\\/2026\\\/09\\\/19\\\/artificial-light-pollution-migraine-neurological-stress-india\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":1860,\"commentCount\":0,\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.scconline.com\\\/blog\\\/post\\\/2026\\\/09\\\/19\\\/artificial-light-pollution-migraine-neurological-stress-india\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.scconline.com\\\/blog\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/09\\\/Artificial-light-pollution-and-migraine.webp\",\"keywords\":[\"ALAN and migraine\",\"artificial light at night\",\"artificial light pollution India\",\"circadian rhythm disruption\",\"clean and healthy environment\",\"light pollution and health\",\"light pollution regulation India\",\"neurological stress light pollution\",\"photophobia and artificial light\",\"Right to Health Article 21\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Op Eds\",\"OP. 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