{"id":396584,"date":"2026-09-18T17:00:40","date_gmt":"2026-09-18T11:30:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/?p=396584"},"modified":"2026-09-21T09:47:03","modified_gmt":"2026-09-21T04:17:03","slug":"dv-act-no-limitation-period-section-12-kerala-hc","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2026\/09\/18\/dv-act-no-limitation-period-section-12-kerala-hc\/","title":{"rendered":"DV Act prescribes no limitation period for approaching Magistrate under Section 12; Mere delay does not warrant quashing of proceedings: Kerala HC"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Kerala High Court:<\/span> In a petition filed under Section 528<\/a>, Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023<\/a> (BNSS), seeking quashing of proceedings initiated under Section 12<\/a>, Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act, 2005<\/a> (PWDV Act), a Single Judge Bench of Jobin Sebastian, J. held that mere delay in approaching the Magistrate, the timing of the proceedings, or the existence of disputed allegations cannot, by themselves, justify quashing proceedings under the PWDV Act.<\/p>\n

The Court observed that the inherent jurisdiction under Section 528<\/a> BNSS<\/a>, corresponding to Section 482<\/a>, Criminal Procedure Code, 1973<\/a> (CrPC) is to be exercised sparingly and only where the materials clearly demonstrate an abuse of the process of law or where interference is necessary to secure the ends of justice. Since the petition under the PWDV Act contained specific allegations of domestic violence, their truth or otherwise could not be adjudicated by the High Court at the threshold by conducting a mini-trial and was a matter for determination by the jurisdictional Magistrate on the basis of evidence.<\/p>\n

The petitioners (husband and his mother) contended that the proceedings under the PWDV Act were based on false and frivolous allegations and had been initiated with an ulterior motive to harass them. They argued that the allegations of domestic violence were vague and that there was an unexplained delay of approximately six years in approaching the Magistrate. They further submitted that the wife had allegedly approached various authorities earlier but had not invoked Section 12, PWDV Act during that period. The petitioners also relied upon the registration of a Protection of Children from Sexual Offences (POCSO) case against the husband, contending that the police had subsequently filed a refer report finding the allegations to be false. According to them, the proceedings under the PWDV Act were initiated only after the husband instituted proceedings before the Family Court seeking compensation in connection with the POCSO case, indicating that the domestic violence proceedings were retaliatory in nature.<\/p>\n

Opposing the petition, the wife submitted that the contention of an unexplained six-year delay was itself factually incorrect, and that, in any event, the allegations disclosed a continuing cause of action and the PWDV Act does not prescribe a specific period of limitation for approaching the Magistrate under Section 12.It was pointed out that the petition contained a specific allegation of domestic violence occurring as recently as May 2025. The wife argued that delay in approaching the court cannot, by itself, establish that the allegations are false, particularly in matrimonial disputes where an aggrieved woman may refrain from immediately initiating legal proceedings for various reasons, including the welfare of children, preservation of the matrimonial relationship and the possibility of reconciliation. With regard to the POCSO proceedings, the wife submitted that the case had been registered based on a complaint made by the daughter and that the refer report had been challenged and remained subject to further judicial consideration.<\/p>\n

The Court observed that the High Court possesses inherent jurisdiction under Section 528<\/a>, BNSS<\/a>, corresponding to Section 482<\/a>, CrPC<\/a> to prevent abuse of the process of court and secure the ends of justice. However, the Court emphasised that such extraordinary jurisdiction must be exercised sparingly, cautiously, and only in exceptional circumstances.<\/p>\n

Referring to the decisions in V.K. Vijayalekshmi Amma<\/span> v. Bindu V.<\/span>, 2009 SCC OnLine Ker 6448<\/a>, the Court noted that proceedings under Section 12<\/a>, PWDV Act<\/a> are predominantly civil in nature and that the High Court should ordinarily not invoke its inherent jurisdiction to quash such proceedings, since the party concerned has an adequate remedy before the jurisdictional Magistrate. The Court, however, also referred to Shaurabh Kumar Tripathi v. Vidhi Rawal<\/span>, 2025 SCC OnLine SC 1158<\/a>, where the Supreme Court held that the High Court can exercise its inherent jurisdiction to quash proceedings arising from an application under Section 12(1)<\/a>, PWDV Act<\/a>, though cautioning that such power must be exercised with due care and would ordinarily be warranted only in cases of gross illegality or manifest injustice. .On the issue of delay, the Court held that the PWDV Act does not prescribe a specific period within which an aggrieved person must approach the Magistrate under Section 12. Therefore, mere delay cannot, by itself, constitute a ground for quashing the proceedings, particularly when the allegations include acts of domestic violence allegedly committed at a later point of time. The Court observed that the reasons for the delay, the explanation offered by the wife and the circumstances in which she remained silent or approached other authorities could be relevant while appreciating the evidence, but these matters could not be conclusively determined at the stage of exercising inherent jurisdiction.<\/p>\n

The Court also declined to treat the POCSO proceedings and the police refer report as sufficient grounds for quashing the domestic violence proceedings. It observed that the circumstances surrounding the POCSO case, the subsequent investigation and the proceedings challenging the refer report could be relied upon by the parties before the jurisdictional Magistrate, subject to their relevance in accordance with law. Similarly, the fact that the PWDV proceedings were instituted after the husband-initiated proceedings before the Family Court did not, by itself, establish that the domestic violence case was retaliatory or malicious.<\/p>\n

The Court further emphasised that, while exercising jurisdiction under Section 528<\/a> BNSS<\/a>, it cannot conduct a detailed examination of the allegations or undertake a mini-trial to determine their truth or otherwise. Since the petition filed by the aggrieved person contained specific allegations that, on their face, constituted acts of domestic violence, the questions of whether those allegations were true and whether they ultimately established domestic violence were matters to be adjudicated by the jurisdictional Magistrate on the basis of evidence.<\/p>\n

Finding no sufficient ground to exercise its inherent jurisdiction, the Court dismissed the Criminal Miscellaneous Case and declined to quash the proceedings pending before the Judicial First-Class Magistrate Court-III, Thrissur.<\/p>\n

[X<\/span> v. Y<\/span>, 2026 SCC OnLine Ker 14871<\/a>, decided on 10-9-2026<\/span>]<\/p>\n\n

Advocates who appeared in this case:<\/p>\n

For the Petitioners:<\/span> Shri Shibin K.F, Advocate; Smt. Renjitha B., Advocate<\/p>\n

For the Respondent:<\/span>; Sri. Dinesh Mathew J. Muricken, Advocate; Sri. Vinod S. Pillai, Advocate; Smt. Nayana Varghese, Advocate; Sri. N.R. Sangeetharaj, Advocate; Shri. Jerry Peter, Advocate; Sri. Navas V.A., Senior Public Prosecutor<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Kerala High Court emphasised that disputed factual allegations must be adjudicated by the jurisdictional Magistrate based on evidence and cannot be determined through a mini trial while exercising inherent jurisdiction under Section 528, BNSS.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":67512,"featured_media":396585,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3,10],"tags":[115047,54749,109663,30317,115045,2523,115046,21374,79550,38183],"class_list":["post-396584","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-casebriefs","category-highcourts","tag-bnss-section-528","tag-domestic-violence-case","tag-domestic-violence-proceedings","tag-dv-act","tag-dv-act-limitation-period","tag-Kerala_High_Court","tag-magistrate-section-12","tag-protection-of-women-from-domestic-violence-act","tag-quashing-proceedings","tag-section-12-dv-act"],"yoast_head":"\nDV Act has no Limitation Period under S. 12: Kerala HC | SCC Times<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Kerala High Court holds that the DV Act sets no limitation period for approaching the Magistrate under Section 12, and delay alone can't sink a case.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2026\/09\/18\/dv-act-no-limitation-period-section-12-kerala-hc\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"DV Act prescribes no limitation period for approaching Magistrate under Section 12; 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