{"id":394763,"date":"2026-09-01T12:00:42","date_gmt":"2026-09-01T06:30:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/?p=394763"},"modified":"2026-09-01T12:03:21","modified_gmt":"2026-09-01T06:33:21","slug":"section-74-gst-notice-foundational-facts-supreme-court","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2026\/09\/01\/section-74-gst-notice-foundational-facts-supreme-court\/","title":{"rendered":"Section 74, CGST Act cannot be invoked without foundational facts of fraud, wilful misstatement or suppression: Supreme Court"},"content":{"rendered":"<div style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;\">\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Supreme Court:<\/span> In a case concerning the validity of a show-cause notice (SCN) issued under Section <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002534819\" target=\"_blank\">74<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002896482\" target=\"_blank\">Central Goods and Services Tax Act, 2017<\/a> (CGST Act), pursuant to an audit objection for the Financial Years 2018-2019 to 2020-2021, a Division Bench of <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">J.B. Pardiwala and K. Vinod Chandran<span style=\"vertical-align: super;\">*<\/span>, JJ.<\/span>, held that proceedings under Section 74 could be initiated only upon the satisfaction of the assessing officer that fraud, wilful misrepresentation or suppression of facts had led to the mismatch of input tax credit or short payment of tax. The Court observed that mere mechanical recital of such expressions, without foundational facts in the SCN, would not constitute application of mind. Finding that the SCN contained only a bland allegation of suppression and that the department&#8217;s conduct in keeping the matter in the &#8220;call book&#8221; indicated absence of satisfaction, the Court set aside the SCN dated 13 June 2025 and the consequential order-in-original dated 26 December 2025. However, liberty was granted to the department to initiate appropriate proceedings under Section 74, if so advised, on the basis of foundational facts and to pass an order before 28 February 2027. The appeal was accordingly allowed.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Background<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">The present appeal arises out of a SCN issued to the appellant under Section <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002534819\" target=\"_blank\">74<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002896482\" target=\"_blank\">CGST Act<\/a>, in respect of the Financial Years 2018-2019 to 2020-2021. The SCN was purportedly issued pursuant to an audit objection raised by the office of the Comptroller and Auditor General of India (CAG). The appellant contends that the invocation of Section 74 is legally unsustainable in the absence of any allegation of fraud, wilful misstatement or suppression of facts, which are prerequisites for invoking the extended limitation period prescribed thereunder, as distinguished from the limitation applicable under Section <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002534818\" target=\"_blank\">73<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002896482\" target=\"_blank\">CGST Act<\/a>. It is further contended that the assessing officer was initially not satisfied with the audit objection and had consequently placed the matter in the departmental &#8220;call book&#8221;, thereby keeping the proceedings in abeyance. However, when the limitation period was nearing expiry, the SCN was subsequently issued as a purported protective measure. The appellant challenges such invocation of Section 74 and contends that the concept of issuing a protective notice, in the absence of the statutory ingredients of Section 74, has no application under the GST regime.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Analysis<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">The Court held that proceedings under Sections <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002534818\" target=\"_blank\">73<\/a>\/<a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002534819\" target=\"_blank\">74<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002896482\" target=\"_blank\">CGST Act<\/a> could be initiated only on the satisfaction of the assessing officer. Even where observations or objections were made in audit, the assessing officer was required to enter his satisfaction before issuing a notice. In the case of a notice under Section 74, such satisfaction had to extend not merely to the mismatch of input tax credit or short payment of tax, but also to the fact that fraud, wilful misrepresentation or suppression had led to such mismatch or short payment. The Court rejected the contention that Explanation 2 to Section 74 could be relied upon, since the Explanation had stood omitted with effect from 1 November 2024. It also rejected the argument that the proceedings had been initiated prior to the expiry of limitation under Section 73, observing that Section 73(10) prescribed the limitation for issuance of the order and not the notice, while Section 73(2) required the notice to be issued at least 3 months before the time-limit under Section 73(10).<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">The Court further observed that the department having taken up the audit objections before the Public Accounts Committee itself indicated that there was no satisfaction at the end of the department, meaning the assessing officer, as to the mismatch or short payment of tax, much less the alleged suppression. The SCN contained only a bland statement regarding availing of ITC &#8220;<span style=\"font-style: italic;\">without documentary evidence and suppress the facts<\/span>&#8221;, without any foundational facts to validate the allegation of suppression. The Court emphasised that the foundational facts leading to an inference of fraud, wilful misrepresentation or suppression had to be evident from the notice itself and that mere employment or mechanical recital of such words would not indicate application of mind.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Decision<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">The Court, therefore, held that the SCN could not be sustained and consequently set aside the SCN dated 13 June 2025 as well as the order-in-original dated 26 December 2025. However, since the extended period of 2 years had not yet expired, liberty was granted to the department to initiate appropriate proceedings under Section 74, if so advised, on the basis of foundational facts coming out from the notice itself, and to pass an order before 28 February 2027. With the said reservation and liberty, the appeal was allowed.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold; font-size: 11.0pt; color: #ff0000;\">Also Read:<\/span> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2026\/08\/18\/dhc-advocate-acting-as-insolvency-professional-liable-to-gst-under-forward-charge\/\" target=\"_blank\">Delhi HC clarifies an advocate&#8217;s GST liability as insolvency professional |SCC Times<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">[<span style=\"font-weight: bold; color: #632423;\"><span style=\"font-style: italic;\">Tata Steel Ltd.<\/span> v. <span style=\"font-style: italic;\">Union of India<\/span>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-9003807475\" target=\"_blank\">2026 SCC OnLine SC 1702<\/a>, decided on 25-8-2026<\/span>]<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%; text-indent: 18pt; border: 2px solid black; border-radius: 10px; text-align: center; width: 50%; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; background-color: #DCDCDC;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000080;\">*Judgement authored by: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2026\/04\/25\/know-thy-judge-justice-k-vinod-chandran-sc-judge-profile\/\" target=\"_blank\">Justice K. Vinod Chandran<\/a><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<hr\/>\n<p>Advocates who appeared in this case:<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 18pt;\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">For the Appellant:<\/span> Dr A.M. Singhvi and Kavin Gulati, Senior Counsel<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 18pt;\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">For the Respondent:<\/span> S. Dwarakanath, A.S.G.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p style=\"font-style: italic;\">Supreme Court held that Section 74, CGST Act could not be invoked mechanically without foundational facts establishing fraud, wilful misstatement or suppression of facts, and set aside the impugned SCN and consequential order.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":67541,"featured_media":394766,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3,10],"tags":[113492,29698,10141,49365,70060,18281,113491,113494,5363,113493],"class_list":["post-394763","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-casebriefs","category-highcourts","tag-74-cgst-act","tag-cgst","tag-fraud","tag-justice-j-b-pardiwala","tag-justice-k-vinod-chandran","tag-show-cause-notice","tag-ss-73","tag-suppression-gst","tag-supreme-court","tag-wilful-misstatement"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v28.0 (Yoast SEO v28.2) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Section 74 GST Notice needs foundational facts: SC | SCC Times<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Supreme Court holds that a Section 74 GST notice needs foundational facts of fraud or suppression; mere recital of the words is not enough.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2026\/09\/01\/section-74-gst-notice-foundational-facts-supreme-court\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Section 74, CGST Act cannot be invoked without foundational facts of fraud, wilful misstatement or suppression: Supreme Court\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Supreme Court holds that a Section 74 GST notice needs foundational facts of fraud or suppression; mere recital of the words is not enough.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2026\/09\/01\/section-74-gst-notice-foundational-facts-supreme-court\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"SCC Times\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/scc.online\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2026-09-01T06:30:42+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-09-01T06:33:21+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Section-74-GST-notice.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"886\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"590\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Malika Bhola\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:title\" content=\"Section 74, CGST Act cannot be invoked without foundational facts of fraud, wilful misstatement or suppression: Supreme Court\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Malika Bhola\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"4 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.scconline.com\\\/blog\\\/post\\\/2026\\\/09\\\/01\\\/section-74-gst-notice-foundational-facts-supreme-court\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.scconline.com\\\/blog\\\/post\\\/2026\\\/09\\\/01\\\/section-74-gst-notice-foundational-facts-supreme-court\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Malika Bhola\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.scconline.com\\\/blog\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/45db260c9b47eac21ba4813c9a379af1\"},\"headline\":\"Section 74, CGST Act cannot be invoked without foundational facts of fraud, wilful misstatement or suppression: Supreme Court\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-09-01T06:30:42+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-09-01T06:33:21+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.scconline.com\\\/blog\\\/post\\\/2026\\\/09\\\/01\\\/section-74-gst-notice-foundational-facts-supreme-court\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":805,\"commentCount\":0,\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.scconline.com\\\/blog\\\/post\\\/2026\\\/09\\\/01\\\/section-74-gst-notice-foundational-facts-supreme-court\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.scconline.com\\\/blog\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/09\\\/Section-74-GST-notice.webp\",\"keywords\":[\"74 CGST Act\",\"CGST\",\"fraud\",\"Justice J.B. 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