{"id":387896,"date":"2026-06-22T09:00:03","date_gmt":"2026-06-22T03:30:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/?p=387896"},"modified":"2026-06-20T16:41:45","modified_gmt":"2026-06-20T11:11:45","slug":"fast-track-mergers-tax-attribute-problem-section-233-income-tax-act-2025","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2026\/06\/22\/fast-track-mergers-tax-attribute-problem-section-233-income-tax-act-2025\/","title":{"rendered":"Expanding the Door, Narrowing the Gate: Fast-Track Mergers and the Tax Attribute Problem"},"content":{"rendered":"<div style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;\">\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%; font-style: italic; text-align: center;\">The <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002955939\" target=\"_blank\">Income-tax Act, 1961<\/a>, as amended by the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-9002604393\" target=\"_blank\">Finance Act, 2025<\/a>, restricted the carry-forward of accumulated losses under Sections <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001559897\" target=\"_blank\">72-A<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001559898\" target=\"_blank\">72-AA<\/a> to eight assessment years from when the losses were first computed by the original predecessor entity.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">On 1 April 2026, two reforms took simultaneous effect that were designed to make intra-group restructuring faster and more accessible. The Ministry of Corporate Affairs (MCA) had, in September 2025, notified the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-9002865517\" target=\"_blank\">Companies (Compromises, Arrangements and Amalgamations) Amendment Rules, 2025<\/a> (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-9002865517\" target=\"_blank\">Amendment Rules), <\/a>substantially expanding the class of companies eligible to merge through the fast-track route under Section <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001537451\" target=\"_blank\">233<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002766251\" target=\"_blank\">Companies Act, 2013<\/a> (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002766251\" target=\"_blank\">2013 Act<\/a>). <!-- To be referred to as &#8220;the 2013 Act&#8221; and not CA --><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">For the first time, unlisted companies with borrowings below Rs 200 crores, listed holding companies merging with unlisted subsidiaries, and fellow subsidiaries of the same holding company could bypass the National Company Law Tribunal (NCLT) and seek approval directly from a Regional Director (RD). The policy ambition was clear, viz. to reduce the 9&#8212;12-month queue at the NCLT and make intra-group restructuring accessible, genuinely.<!-- Sentence okay grammar wise --><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">The door which the MCA expanded has not, however, been accommodated by the tax code. The <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002955939\" target=\"_blank\">Income-tax Act, 1961<\/a> (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002955939\" target=\"_blank\">IT Act, 1961<\/a>), as amended by the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-9002604393\" target=\"_blank\">Finance Act, 2025<\/a>, restricted the carry-forward of accumulated losses under Sections <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001559897\" target=\"_blank\">72-A<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001559898\" target=\"_blank\">72-AA<\/a> to eight assessment years from when the losses were first computed by the original predecessor entity. Those amendments have now taken effect from 1 April 2026 under the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-9002837309\" target=\"_blank\">Income-tax Act, 2025<\/a> (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-9002837309\" target=\"_blank\">IT Act, 2025<\/a>), which replaces the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002955939\" target=\"_blank\">IT Act, 1961<\/a> as the governing statute from that date. The <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-9003363047\" target=\"_blank\">Finance Act, 2026<\/a>, passed by Parliament on 30 March 2026, does not disturb these provisions. The mismatch between the expanded Section 233<!-- LE to specify the Act and XML to hyperlink accordingly (follow throughout) --><!-- Companies Act --> universe and the tightened carry-forward regime is therefore not a transitional problem but rather a structural one, which is now baked into the new Act.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">When read in isolation, the carry-forward cap is a sensible anti-avoidance measure. But when it is read alongside the dramatically expanded Section 233 universe, it creates that structural problem. How? The very companies that the Amended Rules have newly invited into the fast-track route are often the ones whose tax attributes the amended framework now makes least valuable. <!-- LE to check sentence --><!-- this is fine -->This piece examines that mismatch, argues that it partially undermines the reform&#8217;s stated purpose, and finally proposes a targeted fix.<\/p>\n<h2>The fast-track route and its newly expanded traffic<\/h2>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">Section <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001537451\" target=\"_blank\">233<\/a> of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002766251\" target=\"_blank\">2013 Act<\/a>, <!-- Act of 2013 -->read with Rule 25<!-- XML to hyperlink -->, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002789150\" target=\"_blank\">Companies (Compromises, Arrangements and Amalgamations) Rules, 2016<\/a>, creates an alternative to the court-supervised merger process under Sections 230&#8212;232<!-- XML to hyperlink from Companies Act. LE to confirm --><!-- confirm -->. Instead of nudging the NCLT, eligible companies obtain Board approval, notify regulators, hold meetings of members and creditors, and file a declaration of solvency with the RD. If no objection is received within the prescribed period, the scheme is deemed approved. The attraction is speed, where an NCLT-supervised merger can take 9&#8212;12 months or more, the RD route has a statutory outer limit of 60 days.<\/p>\n<p style=\"\">Before the Amended Rules, eligibility was confined to small companies, holding companies merging with wholly-owned subsidiaries, start-ups, and, from September 2024, foreign holding companies merging with their Indian wholly-owned subsidiaries (the reverse-flip route). The Amended Rules<a id=\"fnref1\" href=\"#fn1\" title=\"1. TaxGuru, &#8220;Fast-Track Mergers Expanded: Section 233 &amp; CAA Amendment Rules 2025&#8221;, 18-9-2025, available at &lt;https:\/\/taxguru.in\/company-law\/fast-track-mergers-expanded-section-233-caa-amendment-rules-2025.html&gt; last accessed 18-4-2026.\"><sup>1<\/sup><\/a> added three materially new categories:<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 36pt; text-indent: -18pt;\">1. unlisted companies below the Rs 200 crores borrowing threshold,<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 36pt; text-indent: -18pt;\">2. holding companies (including listed ones) merging with their unlisted subsidiaries,<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 36pt; text-indent: -18pt; margin-bottom: 3%;\">3. fellow subsidiaries of the same holding company, provided the transferor is unlisted.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">The filing deadline was extended from 7 to 15 days<\/span><!-- Numeric is okay --><\/span>, and a new Form CAA-10A<\/span><!-- Not found? --><\/span>, requiring an auditor&#8217;s certificate of solvency, was introduced.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">The practical significance is considerable. Most intra-group consolidations involve precisely these categories &#8212; an unlisted operating subsidiary merging upward into a holding company, or two unlisted group entities combining to rationalise structure. These were previously forced through the NCLT, often waiting over a year for a Bench date even when no creditor or shareholder opposition existed. The Amended Rules answer a long-standing industry demand.<\/p>\n<h2>The Finance Act, 2025 and the tax attribute problem<\/h2>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">The same Union Budget 2025-2026 that signalled Section 233 expansion also introduced amendments to Sections <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001559897\" target=\"_blank\">72-A<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001559898\" target=\"_blank\">72-AA<\/a><\/span>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002955939\" target=\"_blank\">IT Act, 1961<\/a><\/span><!-- Query? @shruti ma&#8217;am? --><\/span><a id=\"fnref2\" href=\"#fn2\" title=\"2. TaxGuru, &#8220;Budget 2025: Amendments to Carry Forward of Losses on Amalgamation&#8221;, 3-2-2025, available at &lt;https:\/\/taxguru.in\/income-tax\/budget-2025-amendments-carry-losses-amalgamation.html&gt; last accessed 18-4-2026.\"><sup>2<\/sup><\/a>, which govern the carry-forward of accumulated business losses and unabsorbed depreciation in an amalgamation. Under the pre-amendment framework, a successor entity inherited those losses and obtained a fresh eight-year carry-forward window running from the year of amalgamation. This meant that successive mergers could perpetually reset the clock, allowing accumulated losses to be sheltered far beyond what Section <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001559896\" target=\"_blank\">72<\/a><\/span>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002955939\" target=\"_blank\">IT Act, 1961<\/a> would permit in the ordinary course.<\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">The <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-9002604393\" target=\"_blank\">Finance Act, 2025<\/a> addressed this by inserting Section <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001559897\" target=\"_blank\">72-A(6-B)<\/a> into the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002955939\" target=\"_blank\">IT Act, 1961<\/a>. For any amalgamation effected on or after 1 April 2025, the successor entity can only carry-forward inherited losses for the period remaining within the original eight-year window calculated from when those losses were first computed for the original predecessor entity. No fresh clock is granted. A parallel amendment was made to Section <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001559898\" target=\"_blank\">72-AA<\/a>, which governs banking and government company reorganisations. Both amendments took effect from 1 April 2026 and are carried forward into the corresponding provisions of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-9002837309\" target=\"_blank\">IT Act, 2025<\/a> by virtue of the repeal and saving clause under Section <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-9002837226\" target=\"_blank\">536<\/a><\/span>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-9002837309\" target=\"_blank\">IT Act, 2025<\/a><\/span><a id=\"fnref3\" href=\"#fn3\" title=\"3. See Satbir Singh, &#8220;Set-off and Carry Forward of Losses and Deductions under Income-Tax Rules, 2026&#8221;, Tax Heal, 23-3-2026, available at &lt;https:\/\/www.taxheal.com\/set-off-carry-forward-of-losses-and-deductions-2025-income-tax-rule-2026.html&gt; last accessed 18-4-2026.\"><sup>3<\/sup><\/a>, which preserves the character and conditions of losses computed under the old Act.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">The anti-avoidance rationale is sound. Indefinite loss carry-forward through successive amalgamation had become, in practice, a form of tax planning that departed from the original legislative purpose of Section <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001559897\" target=\"_blank\">72-A<\/a>, which was to facilitate genuine business reorganisation without penalising economically distressed companies. The new framework brings parity with Section <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001559896\" target=\"_blank\">72<\/a><\/span>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002955939\" target=\"_blank\">IT Act, 1961<\/a> (and its <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-9002837309\" target=\"_blank\">IT Act, 2025<\/a> equivalent), which caps ordinary business loss carry-forward at eight years. The <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-9003363047\" target=\"_blank\">Finance Act, 2026<\/a>, enacted on 27 March 2026, leaves these provisions entirely undisturbed, confirming that the tightened carry-forward regime is now settled law.<\/p>\n<h2>The point of collision<\/h2>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">The problem emerges when both reforms are read together. The companies newly eligible under the Amended Rules are, structurally, the companies most likely to carry significant accumulated losses: Unlisted operating subsidiaries that have been loss making for several years, fellow subsidiaries in the same group maintained separately for commercial reasons, and holding companies that have historically incubated loss-making ventures before consolidating them.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">For such companies, the value of a tax-neutral amalgamation under Section <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001559840\" target=\"_blank\">47(<span style=\"font-style: italic;\">vi<\/span>)<\/a><\/span>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002955939\" target=\"_blank\">IT Act, 1961<\/a> (exempting capital gains on transfer of assets in a qualifying amalgamation) and the carry-forward benefit under Section <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001559897\" target=\"_blank\">72-A<\/a> is a primary driver of the merger decision. A profitable group entity considering absorbing a loss-making subsidiary often prices the inherited tax attributes as part of the deal economics. The broader Section 233 universe, the more such transactions are being actively planned.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">Section <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001559897\" target=\"_blank\">72-A(6-B)<\/a> now tells the acquiring entity: The losses you are inheriting come with a shortened window, determined by when those losses were first incurred by the original predecessor, not by the date of your merger. For a company that has been loss making for, say, five years before the amalgamation, only three assessment years of carry-forward may remain. The practical consequence is that the tax shield that made the restructuring commercially attractive may be significantly eroded by the time the merger is complete, even under the faster RD route.<\/span> <!-- Query? @shruti ma&#8217;am? --><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">There is a further ambiguity that compounds the problem. The word &#8220;effected&#8221; in Section <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001559897\" target=\"_blank\">72-A(6-B)<\/a> is not defined, and this ambiguity is specifically unresolved in the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-9002837309\" target=\"_blank\">IT Act, 2025<\/a>. As noted by legal commentary on the IndiaCorpLaw blog<\/span><a id=\"fnref4\" href=\"#fn4\" title=\"4. Megha Porwal and Manav Pamnani, &#8220;Restricting Carry-Forward of Losses: Analysing Reforms to the Income Tax Act&#8221; (18-4-2025) IndiaCorpLaw Blog, available at: &lt;https:\/\/indiacorplaw.in\/2025\/04\/18\/restricting-carry-forward-of-losses-analysing-reforms-to-the-income-tax-act\/&gt; last accessed 18-4-2026.\"><sup>4<\/sup><\/a>, there is no clarity in the amendment as to whether &#8220;effected&#8221; refers to the appointed date in the scheme or the final effective date following regulatory approvals. In the NCLT-supervised merger process, the Supreme Court&#8217;s ruling in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0000024425\" target=\"_blank\"><span style=\"font-style: italic;\">Marshall Sons &amp; Co (India) Ltd.<\/span> v. <span style=\"font-style: italic;\">CIT<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><a id=\"fnref5\" href=\"#fn5\" title=\"5. (1997) 2 SCC 302 : (1997) 223 ITR 809 : (1997) 88 Comp Cas 528.\"><sup>5<\/sup><\/a> established that the appointed date specified in a court-approved scheme is the relevant date for tax purposes. But under Section 233 fast-track route, there is no court order and no appointed date in the traditional sense: The scheme takes effect upon the RD&#8217;s deemed approval under Section <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001537451\" target=\"_blank\">233(6)<\/a> of the<\/span> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002766251\" target=\"_blank\">2013 Act<\/a><\/span><\/span><!-- Companies act or act of 2013 --><\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">It is not settled whether the RD approval date, the date of the scheme document, or some other reference point constitutes the date on which the amalgamation is effected for the purposes of Section <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001559897\" target=\"_blank\">72-A(6-B)<\/a>. This ambiguity will generate litigation precisely for the class of companies the Amended Rules<\/span> <!-- Follow consistency of capitalisation --><\/span>have newly admitted to the fast-track route.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2>A structural fix missed by the IT Act, 2025<\/h2>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">The <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-9002837309\" target=\"_blank\">IT Act, 2025<\/a> was a once-in-a-generation opportunity to consolidate and modernise India&#8217;s direct tax framework. On the question of fast-track mergers, however, it has largely restated the existing position without addressing the interaction with the expanded Section 233 regime. The Select Committee that reviewed the Income-tax Bill, 2025<\/span><!-- XML to hyperlink --><\/span> prior to its enactment identified a related but distinct problem: Fast-track demergers under Section 233 are excluded from the definition of demerger in the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-9002837309\" target=\"_blank\">IT Act, 2025<\/a>, meaning that a fast-track split does not qualify for tax-neutral treatment at all. The MCA&#8217;s representatives told the Select Committee that this exclusion existed because the absence of court supervision raised tax avoidance risks. Yet the same logic, if applied consistently, would suggest that fast-track mergers, too, deserve heightened scrutiny, not an unclarified appointed-date rule that invites litigation.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">A coherent legislative fix would do three things. <span style=\"font-style: italic;\">First<\/span>, it would clarify that, for fast-track mergers under Section 233, the date on which the RD&#8217;s order takes effect under Section <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001537451\" target=\"_blank\">233(6)<\/a><\/span> of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002766251\" target=\"_blank\">2013 Act<\/a><\/span><!-- 2013 Act --><\/span> constitutes the date on which the amalgamation is effected for the purposes of the carry-forward provisions, removing the appointed-date ambiguity in one clean amendment. <span style=\"font-style: italic;\">Second<\/span>, it would introduce a deemed original predecessor date rule under which the original predecessor entity&#8217;s loss computation date is treated as the date of first computation only where the successive amalgamation was structured primarily to extend the carry-forward window, as determined under the General Anti-Avoidance Rules<\/span><!-- LE to check and confirm if this will be hyperlinked --><!-- yes, hyperlink chapter XI of the IT Act, 2025 --><\/span> (GAAR) in Chapter XI of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-9002837309\" target=\"_blank\">IT Act, 2025<\/a>. This would preserve the anti-avoidance purpose of Section <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001559897\" target=\"_blank\">72-A(6-B)<\/a> while not penalising genuine first-time mergers through the fast-track route. <span style=\"font-style: italic;\">Third<\/span>, it would bring fast-track demergers within the definition of demerger, subject to enhanced RD oversight, as the Select Committee itself acknowledged was technically feasible.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">Notably, the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-9003363047\" target=\"_blank\">Finance Act, 2026<\/a>, passed on 27 March 2026, addressed several procedural aspects of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-9002837309\" target=\"_blank\">IT Act, 2025<\/a> but did not touch any of these three issues. The appointed-date ambiguity, the GAAR-gated exception, and the demerger exclusion remain unaddressed. The <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-9003363047\" target=\"_blank\">Finance Act, 2026<\/a>&#8216;s silence on Section <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001559897\" target=\"_blank\">72-A(6-B)<\/a> appointed-date question is itself significant as it is the first budget cycle since the fast-track expansion and the first under the new Act, and Parliament has passed without resolving the mismatch this article identifies. Each subsequent cycle that leaves this gap open is another cycle of litigation risk for companies that have relied on the Amended Rules to restructure faster.<\/p>\n<h2>Conclusion<\/h2>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">India&#8217;s corporate restructuring reform in 2025 reflects a genuine policy intent which is, faster mergers, less tribunal congestion, and broader access to the fast-track route. The MCA has delivered on the corporate law side. But legislation does not operate in silos. The <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-9002604393\" target=\"_blank\">Finance Act, 2025<\/a>&#8216;s Section <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001559897\" target=\"_blank\">72-A(6-B)<\/a> amendment, designed to prevent loss evergreening, interacts with the expanded Section 233 universe in ways that partially undercut the reform&#8217;s own purpose. The companies most likely to use the new fast-track categories are precisely those whose tax attributes are most sensitive to the loss of a fresh carry-forward window. The <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-9002837309\" target=\"_blank\">IT Act, 2025<\/a>, which was an opportunity to align the two reform streams, omits to do so. The <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-9003363047\" target=\"_blank\">Finance Act, 2026<\/a>, enacted on 27 March 2026, does not address Section <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001559897\" target=\"_blank\">72-A(6-B)<\/a> appointed-date ambiguity, a conspicuous legislative gap that only strengthens the reform critique advanced here. Until a clarificatory amendment addresses that ambiguity and introduces a GAAR-gated exception for genuine first-time reorganisations, the expanded door of Section 233 will, for many restructuring candidates, remain narrowed at the tax gate.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<hr\/>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 18pt; text-indent: -18pt;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000080;\">*Fourth Year, BBA LLB (Hons.), Maharaja Agrasen Institute of Management Studies, GGSIPU. Author can be reached at: <a href=\"mailto:tsatvik.works@gmail.com\" target=\"_blank\">tsatvik.works@gmail.com<\/a>.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 18pt; text-indent: -18pt;\"><a id=\"fn1\" href=\"#fnref1\">1.<\/a> TaxGuru, &#8220;Fast-Track Mergers Expanded: Section 233 &amp; CAA Amendment Rules 2025&#8221;, 18-9-2025, available at &lt;<a href=\"https:\/\/taxguru.in\/company-law\/fast-track-mergers-expanded-section-233-caa-amendment-rules-2025.html\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/taxguru.in\/company-law\/fast-track-mergers-expanded-section-233-caa-amendment-rules-2025.html<\/a>&gt; last accessed 18-4-2026.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 18pt; text-indent: -18pt;\"><a id=\"fn2\" href=\"#fnref2\">2.<\/a> TaxGuru, &#8220;Budget 2025: Amendments to Carry Forward of Losses on Amalgamation&#8221;, 3-2-2025, available at &lt;<a href=\"https:\/\/taxguru.in\/income-tax\/budget-2025-amendments-carry-losses-amalgamation.html\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/taxguru.in\/income-tax\/budget-2025-amendments-carry-losses-amalgamation.html<\/a>&gt; last accessed 18-4-2026.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 18pt; text-indent: -18pt;\"><a id=\"fn3\" href=\"#fnref3\">3.<\/a> <span style=\"font-style: italic;\">See<\/span> Satbir Singh, &#8220;Set-off and Carry Forward of Losses and Deductions under Income-Tax Rules, 2026&#8221;, Tax Heal, 23-3-2026, available at &lt;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.taxheal.com\/set-off-carry-forward-of-losses-and-deductions-2025-income-tax-rule-2026.html\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/www.taxheal.com\/set-off-carry-forward-of-losses-and-deductions-2025-income-tax-rule-2026.html<\/a>&gt; last accessed 18-4-2026.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 18pt; text-indent: -18pt;\"><a id=\"fn4\" href=\"#fnref4\">4.<\/a> Megha Porwal and Manav Pamnani, &#8220;Restricting Carry-Forward of Losses: Analysing Reforms to the Income Tax Act&#8221; (18-4-2025) IndiaCorpLaw Blog, available at: &lt;<a href=\"https:\/\/indiacorplaw.in\/2025\/04\/18\/restricting-carry-forward-of-losses-analysing-reforms-to-the-income-tax-act\/\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/indiacorplaw.in\/2025\/04\/18\/restricting-carry-forward-of-losses-analysing-reforms-to-the-income-tax-act\/<\/a>&gt; last accessed 18-4-2026.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 18pt; text-indent: -18pt;\"><a id=\"fn5\" href=\"#fnref5\">5.<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0000024425\" target=\"_blank\">(1997) 2 SCC 302<\/a> : (1997) 223 ITR 809 : (1997) 88 Comp Cas 528.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>by Tanmay Satvik*<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":67011,"featured_media":387897,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[42503,1191],"tags":[107774,92681,107771,107777,107776,107779,107772,107775,107773,107778],"class_list":["post-387896","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-legal-analysis","category-op-ed","tag-carry-forward-losses-amalgamation","tag-corporate-restructuring-india","tag-fast-track-mergers-india","tag-finance-act-2025-amalgamation-reforms","tag-regional-director-merger-approval","tag-scc-corporate-law-analysis","tag-section-233-companies-act-2013","tag-section-72a-income-tax-act-2025","tag-tax-attribute-problem-mergers","tag-tax-neutrality-mergers-india"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.4 (Yoast SEO v27.4) - 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