{"id":383986,"date":"2026-05-13T15:30:42","date_gmt":"2026-05-13T10:00:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/?p=383986"},"modified":"2026-05-13T15:19:58","modified_gmt":"2026-05-13T09:49:58","slug":"sc-caste-based-abuse-inside-residential-house-absent-public-gaze-sc-st-act","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2026\/05\/13\/sc-caste-based-abuse-inside-residential-house-absent-public-gaze-sc-st-act\/","title":{"rendered":"Caste-Based Abuse Inside House Not an Offence Under SC\/ST Act Absent \u2018Public Gaze\u2019; Supreme Court quashes proceedings"},"content":{"rendered":"<style>\n.animate-charcter{background-image: linear-gradient(-225deg, #231557 0%, #44107a 29%, #ff1361 67%, #fff800 100%); background-size: 200% auto; -webkit-background-clip: text; -webkit-text-fill-color: transparent; animation: textclip 0s linear infinite;}\n@keyframes textclip {to {background-position: 200% center;}}\n<\/style>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;\">\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Supreme Court:<\/span> In an appeal arising from the Delhi High Court&#8217;s judgment dated 22 August 2024 whereby the High Court dismissed criminal revision and upheld the trial court&#8217;s orders framing charges against the appellants under Sections <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001551147\" target=\"_blank\">3(1)(r)<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001551147\" target=\"_blank\">3(1)(s)<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002828505\" target=\"_blank\">Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes (Prevention of Atrocities) Act, 1989<\/a> (SC\/ST Act) as well as under Section <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001561860\" target=\"_blank\">506<\/a> read with Section <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001561652\" target=\"_blank\">34<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002726960\" target=\"_blank\">Penal Code, 1860<\/a> (IPC), the Division Bench of <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">N.V. Anjaria*<\/span> and Prashant Kumar Mishra, JJ., set aside the judgment of the Delhi High Court dated 22 August 2024, quashed the trial Court&#8217;s orders dated 26 November 2022 and 30 November 2022 and quashed the FIR along with the charge-sheet filed against the appellants, holding that alleged caste abuse inside residential house not &#8220;within public view&#8221; under Sections <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001551147\" target=\"_blank\">3(1)(r)<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001551147\" target=\"_blank\">3(1)(s)<\/a> of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002828505\" target=\"_blank\">SC\/ST Act<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">The Court held that the occurrence of the incident of insult or abuse, towards the member of the Scheduled Caste or Scheduled Tribe has to be in &#8220;a place within public view&#8221;, thereby making the same a sine qua non for constituting the offence under the SC\/ST Act.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%; font-weight: bold;\">Also Read: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2026\/03\/07\/guj-hc-held-not-every-insult-offence-under-sc-st-act\/\" target=\"_blank\"><span class=\"Hyperlink\" style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Gujarat High Court: Not every insult or intimidation amounts to an offence under SC ST Act<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<h3>Factual Matrix<\/h3>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">The instant matter a family dispute arose between Appellants 2 and 3 and Respondent 2-complainant, who were real brothers. Appellants 1 and 4 were the wives of Appellants 2 and 3 respectively. The husbands belonged to Scheduled Castes, whereas the wives belonged to castes other than Scheduled Castes or Scheduled Tribes. The parties were embroiled in disputes relating to family properties situated at Hari Nagar and Ramesh Nagar, inherited from their deceased father.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">The complainant lodged an FIR on 30 January 2021, stating that on 28 January 2021 the appellants misbehaved with him when they attempted to break open the lock of the house. It was alleged that Appellant 1 used casteist abuses against the complainant and his wife by using expressions such as &#8220;chura&#8221;, &#8220;chamar&#8221;, &#8220;harijan&#8221; and &#8220;dirty drain&#8221;, while the other accused threatened him. The complaint further alleged that Appellant 1 had, for more than one year, habitually insulted and harassed the complainant and his family by shouting caste-based abuses either from the balcony or from the ground floor whenever visitors or friends came to meet them.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">The trial court framed charges against Appellant 1 under Sections <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001551147\" target=\"_blank\">3(1)(r)<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001551147\" target=\"_blank\">3(1)(s)<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002828505\" target=\"_blank\">SC\/ST Act<\/a> and against all appellants under Section <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001561860\" target=\"_blank\">506<\/a> read with Section <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001561652\" target=\"_blank\">34<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002726960\" target=\"_blank\">IPC<\/a>. The High Court upheld the framing of charges, observing that at the stage of charge the court was not expected to conduct a mini-trial and that witness statements corroborated the allegations made in the FIR.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%; font-weight: bold;\">Also Read: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2025\/12\/26\/bombay-hc-quashes-sc-st-act-fir-against-tv-channel-scc-times\/\" target=\"_blank\"><span class=\"Hyperlink\" style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Mere Reference to Caste Name Not an Offence Unless Used to Intentionally Insult or Humiliate: Bombay High Court Quashes FIR Against Marathi TV Channel Executives<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<h3>Issues for Determination<\/h3>\n<ol style=\"list-style-type: decimal;\">\n<li>\n<p>Whether the allegations in the FIR disclosed the ingredients of offences under Sections <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001551147\" target=\"_blank\">3(1)(r)<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001551147\" target=\"_blank\">3(1)(s)<\/a> of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002828505\" target=\"_blank\">SC\/ST Act<\/a>?<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>Whether the alleged incident occurred &#8220;in any place within public view&#8221;, which is an indispensable ingredient under the aforesaid provisions?<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">Whether the allegations disclosed commission of offence under Section <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001561860\" target=\"_blank\">506<\/a> read with Section <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001561652\" target=\"_blank\">34<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002726960\" target=\"_blank\">IPC<\/a>?<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3>Analysis<\/h3>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 36pt; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: underline; text-underline-style: solid; text-underline-mode: continuous;\">Statutory Framework<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">The Court extensively examined Sections <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001551147\" target=\"_blank\">3(1)(r)<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001551147\" target=\"_blank\">3(1)(s)<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002828505\" target=\"_blank\">SC\/ST Act<\/a> and noted that the offence under the provisions is committed <span style=\"font-style: italic;\">&#8220;when a person not belonging to Scheduled Caste or Scheduled Tribe intentionally insults or intimidates with an intent to humiliate a person belonging to Scheduled Caste or Scheduled Tribe in any place within public view.&#8221;<\/span> The offence is made out when the insult or intimidation under Section 3(1)(r) or hurling of abuses under Section 3(1)(s) against a member of Scheduled Caste or Scheduled Tribe have taken place &#8220;in any place within public view&#8221;.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">The Court also considered Sections <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001561857\" target=\"_blank\">503<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001561860\" target=\"_blank\">506<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001561652\" target=\"_blank\">34<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002726960\" target=\"_blank\">IPC<\/a> relating to criminal intimidation and common intention and reiterated that criminal intimidation requires a threat coupled with an &#8220;intent to cause alarm&#8221;.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%; font-weight: bold;\">Also Read: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2025\/10\/07\/patna-high-court-villagers-assembled-caste-abuse-taking-place-in-public-view-sc-st-act\/\" target=\"_blank\"><span class=\"Hyperlink\" style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Patna High Court: FIR noting &#8216;villagers assembled&#8217; satisfies caste abuse taking place in public view<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 36pt; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: underline; text-underline-style: solid; text-underline-mode: continuous;\">Requirement of &#8220;Public View&#8221;<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">The Court relied upon <span style=\"font-style: italic;\">Swaran Singh<\/span> v. <span style=\"font-style: italic;\">State<\/span>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0000041690\" target=\"_blank\">(2008) 8 SCC 435<\/a>, where a distinction was drawn between a &#8220;public place&#8221; and a &#8220;place within public view&#8221;. It was stated that even a private place may fall within &#8220;public view&#8221; if the incident is visible to members of the public. However, incidents occurring within the confines of a building without public presence would not satisfy the statutory requirement.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">The Court also relied upon <span style=\"font-style: italic;\">Hitesh Verma<\/span> v. <span style=\"font-style: italic;\">State of Uttarakhand<\/span>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-9000711279\" target=\"_blank\">(2020) 10 SCC 710<\/a>, where allegations of caste abuse inside a house were held insufficient because no member of the public was present and basic requirement that the abusive words were uttered in &#8216;a place within public view&#8217; was not made out.<\/p>\n<p>Reference was further made to <span style=\"font-style: italic;\">Karuppudayar v. State<\/span>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-9002486660\" target=\"_blank\">2025 SCC OnLine SC 215<\/a>, wherein the Court clarified that the place must be one where members of the public can witness or hear the utterance. If the occurrence takes place within four walls without public presence, the offence under Sections 3(1)(r) and 3(1)(s) is not attracted. The Court elucidated an ironed-out proposition of law as under:<\/p>\n<p class=\"animate-charcter\" style=\"margin-bottom: 3%; margin-left: 36pt; font-style: italic;\">&#8220;to be a place &#8216;within public view&#8217;, the place should be open where the members of the public can witness or hear the utterance made by the accused to the victim. If the alleged offence takes place within the four corners of the wall where members of the public are not present, then it cannot be said that it has taken place at a place within public view.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">Based on the precedents discussed, the Court held that the to make out the offence under Section <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001551147\" target=\"_blank\">3(1)(r)<\/a> and\/or Section <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001551147\" target=\"_blank\">3(1)(s)<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002828505\" target=\"_blank\">SC\/ST Act<\/a>, the occurrence of the incident must occur at a place exposed to &#8220;public gaze&#8221; and accessible to public observation.<\/p>\n<p class=\"animate-charcter\" style=\"margin-bottom: 3%; margin-left: 36pt; font-weight: bold;\">&#8220;It must be a place within the public gaze. Even happens to be a private place, then in such eventuality a public-eye must have an access to be able to notice what happens there or what is taking place that will only make the &#8220;place within public view&#8221;.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%; font-weight: bold;\">Also Read: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2025\/12\/19\/raj-hc-sc-st-act-caste-abuse-to-occur-in-public-view-1994-conviction-set-aside\/\" target=\"_blank\"><span class=\"Hyperlink\" style=\"color: #0000ff;\">&#8220;It was not committed at a place within public view&#8221;: Rajasthan High Court sets aside 1994&#8217;s conviction for caste abuse<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 36pt; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: underline; text-underline-style: solid; text-underline-mode: continuous;\">Application on Present Matter<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">Applying the above discussed principles, the Court found that the FIR nowhere stated that the alleged occurrence took place at a place within public view. The allegations merely referred to incidents occurring inside the residential premises shared by family members.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">The Court observed that the FIR itself described the place of occurrence as &#8220;7\/38, Ramesh Nagar, New Delhi&#8221;, which was admittedly a residential house. The charge-sheet also mentioned the same residential address.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">The Court further examined the statements of witnesses and found that neither statement indicated that the witnesses had actually seen the occurrence of caste-based abuses. Their statements merely suggested that they had accompanied the complainant to the house.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">The Court concluded that all material facts suggested that the alleged incident occurred within the four walls of the residential house and not at a place exposed to public gaze. No independent public witness was shown to be present. Therefore, the indispensable ingredient of occurrence of the incident &#8220;in a place within public view&#8221; was conspicuously absent.<\/p>\n<p class=\"animate-charcter\" style=\"margin-bottom: 3%; margin-left: 36pt; font-weight: bold;\">&#8220;Once that is so, to suggest that the house place was not exposed to public eye or public gaze, a residential house in no way becomes &#8220;a place within public view&#8221;.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%; font-weight: bold;\">Also Read: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2026\/04\/09\/no-bar-on-anticipatory-bail-sc-st-act-no-prima-facie-disclosure-jk-hc\/\" target=\"_blank\"><span class=\"Hyperlink\" style=\"color: #0000ff;\">J&amp;K and Ladakh HC| No Bar on Anticipatory Bail under S. 18 SC\/ST Act on Absence of Prima Facie Disclosure of Ingredients of Offence<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 36pt; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: underline; text-underline-style: solid; text-underline-mode: continuous;\">Principles Regarding FIR and Fulfilment of Essential Ingredients<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">The Court stated that the complaint\/FIR provides the first account of the happening of events and incidents alleged as commission of offence. <span style=\"font-style: italic;\">&#8220;A reaction and revelation at the first blush is always natural and therefore becomes creditworthy.&#8221;<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">The Court relied on <span style=\"font-style: italic;\">State of Haryana<\/span> v. <span style=\"font-style: italic;\">Bhajan Lal<\/span>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0000018181\" target=\"_blank\">1992 Supp (1) SCC 335<\/a>, where the Court laid down the acid test that if the allegations in the FIR, even when accepted at face value, fail to constitute an offence, the proceedings deserve to be quashed. The Court also referred to <span style=\"font-style: italic;\">Amar Nath Jha<\/span> v. <span style=\"font-style: italic;\">Nand Kishore Singh<\/span>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002943377\" target=\"_blank\">(2018) 9 SCC 137<\/a>, where omission of essential facts in the FIR was treated as a serious defect. Further, in <span style=\"font-style: italic;\">Ramesh Chandra Vaishya v. State of U.P.<\/span>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-9002579219\" target=\"_blank\">(2023) 17 SCC 615<\/a>, absence of the ingredient of &#8220;public view&#8221; was held fatal to prosecution under the SC\/ST Act.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">Thus, the Court held that <span style=\"font-style: italic;\">&#8220;it is trite principle that the FIR becomes liable in law to be quashed when it, in its bare reading, does not disclose the necessary ingredients to constitute the offence alleged therein. The basic constituents of the offence alleged in the FIR must stem and stand disclosed from the contents of the FIR.&#8221;<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">The Court emphasised that the requirement of &#8220;public view&#8221; is not merely incidental but constitutes a principal ingredient and a sine qua non for offences under Sections <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001551147\" target=\"_blank\">3(1)(r)<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001551147\" target=\"_blank\">3(1)(s)<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002828505\" target=\"_blank\">SC\/ST Act<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p class=\"animate-charcter\" style=\"margin-bottom: 3%; margin-left: 36pt; font-weight: bold;\">&#8220;The requirement that the place must be one &#8220;within public view&#8221; can be said to be substantiating the other elements of the offence under the SC\/ST Act. It is therefore a sine qua non for making out the offence under the SC\/ST Act.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%; font-weight: bold;\">Also Read: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2025\/07\/19\/guj-hc-uphold-acquittal-in-sc-st-atrocities-case\/\" target=\"_blank\"><span class=\"Hyperlink\" style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Read why Gujarat HC upheld acquittal in SC\/ST Atrocity Case over absence of &#8216;public view&#8217; and &#8216;intentional insult&#8217;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 36pt; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: underline; text-underline-style: solid; text-underline-mode: continuous;\">Findings on Sections <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001561860\" target=\"_blank\">506<\/a> read with <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001561652\" target=\"_blank\">34<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002726960\" target=\"_blank\">IPC<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">The Court examined the allegations relating to criminal intimidation under Section <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001561860\" target=\"_blank\">506<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002726960\" target=\"_blank\">IPC<\/a> and noted that even upon a close reading of the complaint, the element of &#8220;alarm&#8221; was absent. There was nothing to suggest that the alleged threats were intended to create alarm in the complainant. It further found that there was no material indicating any common intention among the accused persons so as to attract Section <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001561652\" target=\"_blank\">34<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002726960\" target=\"_blank\">IPC<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">The Court asserted that dubjecting the appellants to criminal proceedings in such circumstances would amount to abuse of process of law and harassment.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%; font-weight: bold;\">Also Read: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2026\/01\/20\/complainant-testimony-alone-sufficient-to-sustain-charges-under-sc-st-act-ker-hc\/\" target=\"_blank\"><span class=\"Hyperlink\" style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Mere statement of aggrieved person disclosing prima facie ingredients of the offence sufficient to sustain charges under SC\/ST Act: Kerala HC<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<h3>Decision<\/h3>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">The Court held that the trial court had wrongly framed charges against the appellants under Sections <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001551147\" target=\"_blank\">3(1)(r)<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001551147\" target=\"_blank\">3(1)(s)<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002828505\" target=\"_blank\">SC\/ST Act<\/a> as well as Section <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001561860\" target=\"_blank\">506<\/a> read with Section <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001561652\" target=\"_blank\">34<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002726960\" target=\"_blank\">IPC<\/a> and the High Court erred in upholding those charges.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">Consequently, the Court set aside the judgment of the Delhi High Court dated 22 August 2024, quashed the trial Court&#8217;s orders dated 26 November 2022 and 30 November 2022 and quashed the FIR along with the charge-sheet filed against the appellants.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%; font-weight: bold;\">Also Read: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2026\/03\/25\/conversion-to-christianity-ends-scheduled-caste-status-supreme-court\/\" target=\"_blank\"><span class=\"Hyperlink\" style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Conversion to Christianity extinguishes SC\/ST status and protection under SC\/ST Act: Supreme Court<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">[<span style=\"font-weight: bold; color: #632423;\"><span style=\"font-style: italic;\">Gunjan<\/span> v. <span style=\"font-style: italic;\">State (NCT of Delhi)<\/span>, Criminal Appeal No. 2446 of 2026, decided on 11-5-2026<\/span>]<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%; text-indent: 18pt; border: 2px solid black; border-radius: 10px; text-align: center; width: 50%; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; background-color: #DCDCDC;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000080;\">*Judgment by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2026\/03\/23\/know-thy-judge-justice-nv-anjaria-supreme-court-of-india-profile\/\" target=\"_blank\">Justice N.V. Anjaria<\/a><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<hr\/>\n<p>Advocates who appeared in this case:<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 18pt;\">Mr. Avadh Bihari Kaushik, Adv., Counsel for the Appellants<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 18pt;\">Ms. Archana Pathak Dave, Additional Solicitor General assisted Mr. Mukesh Kumar Maroria, AOR, Counsel for the Respondents<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"color: #000080;\">Buy Penal Code, 1860 &nbsp; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ebcwebstore.com\/product_info.php?products_id=1158\" target=\"_blank\">HERE<\/a><\/h3>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ebcwebstore.com\/product_info.php?products_id=1158\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/penal-code-1860-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"penal code, 1860\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" class=\"aligncenter size-large wp-image-294601\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/penal-code-1860-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/penal-code-1860-768x511.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/penal-code-1860-440x293.jpg 440w, https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/penal-code-1860-650x433.jpg 650w, https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/penal-code-1860.jpg 886w, https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/penal-code-1860-60x40.jpg 60w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p style=\"font-style: italic;\">&#8220;The requirement that the place must be one &#8220;within public view&#8221; can be said to be substantiating the other elements of the offence under the SC\/ST Act. It is therefore a sine qua non for making out the offence under the SC\/ST Act.&#8221;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":67514,"featured_media":383990,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3,9],"tags":[6711,90557,34505,104177,85585,104178,29912,16171,102054,102055,5363],"class_list":["post-383986","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-casebriefs","category-supremecourt","tag-criminal-law","tag-justice-n-v-anjaria","tag-justice-prashant-kumar-mishra","tag-public-gaze","tag-public-view-requirement","tag-quashing-of-criminal-proceeding","tag-sc-st-act","tag-scheduled-castes-and-scheduled-tribes-prevention-of-atrocities-act","tag-section-31r-sc-st-act","tag-section-31s-sc-st-act","tag-supreme-court"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.4 (Yoast SEO v27.4) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>SC: Caste-Based Abuse Inside Residential House Absent &#039;Public Gaze&#039; Not Offence Under SC\/ST Act | SCC Times<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Supreme Court holds that hurling caste-based abuse inside residential house in absence of &#039;public gaze&#039; does not constitute offence under SC\/ST Act.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2026\/05\/13\/sc-caste-based-abuse-inside-residential-house-absent-public-gaze-sc-st-act\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Caste-Based Abuse Inside House Not an Offence Under SC\/ST Act Absent \u2018Public Gaze\u2019; Supreme Court quashes proceedings\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Supreme Court holds that hurling caste-based abuse inside residential house in absence of &#039;public gaze&#039; does not constitute offence under SC\/ST Act.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2026\/05\/13\/sc-caste-based-abuse-inside-residential-house-absent-public-gaze-sc-st-act\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"SCC Times\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/scc.online\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2026-05-13T10:00:42+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Caste-Based-Abuse-Inside-Residential-House.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"886\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"590\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Ritu\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:title\" content=\"Caste-Based Abuse Inside House Not an Offence Under SC\/ST Act Absent \u2018Public Gaze\u2019; Supreme Court quashes proceedings\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Ritu\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"9 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.scconline.com\\\/blog\\\/post\\\/2026\\\/05\\\/13\\\/sc-caste-based-abuse-inside-residential-house-absent-public-gaze-sc-st-act\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.scconline.com\\\/blog\\\/post\\\/2026\\\/05\\\/13\\\/sc-caste-based-abuse-inside-residential-house-absent-public-gaze-sc-st-act\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Ritu\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.scconline.com\\\/blog\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/392f265bae2f48f0f0d02b8e0e9015b9\"},\"headline\":\"Caste-Based Abuse Inside House Not an Offence Under SC\\\/ST Act Absent \u2018Public Gaze\u2019; Supreme Court quashes proceedings\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-05-13T10:00:42+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.scconline.com\\\/blog\\\/post\\\/2026\\\/05\\\/13\\\/sc-caste-based-abuse-inside-residential-house-absent-public-gaze-sc-st-act\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":1836,\"commentCount\":0,\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.scconline.com\\\/blog\\\/post\\\/2026\\\/05\\\/13\\\/sc-caste-based-abuse-inside-residential-house-absent-public-gaze-sc-st-act\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.scconline.com\\\/blog\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/05\\\/Caste-Based-Abuse-Inside-Residential-House.webp\",\"keywords\":[\"criminal law\",\"Justice N.V. 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