{"id":383252,"date":"2026-05-05T10:00:07","date_gmt":"2026-05-05T04:30:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/?p=383252"},"modified":"2026-05-05T10:13:00","modified_gmt":"2026-05-05T04:43:00","slug":"del-hc-simultaneous-parole-or-furlough-for-co-accused-not-barred","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2026\/05\/05\/del-hc-simultaneous-parole-or-furlough-for-co-accused-not-barred\/","title":{"rendered":"Simultaneous Parole or Furlough for Co-Accused is \u201cOrdinarily Not Permissible\u201d but Not Barred: Delhi High Court"},"content":{"rendered":"<style>\n.animate-charcter{background-image: linear-gradient(-225deg, #231557 0%, #44107a 29%, #ff1361 67%, #fff800 100%); background-size: 200% auto; -webkit-background-clip: text; -webkit-text-fill-color: transparent; animation: textclip 0s linear infinite;}\n@keyframes textclip {to {background-position: 200% center;}}\n<\/style>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;\">\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Delhi High Court:<\/span> In 2 writ petitions raising common challenge to the Note (2) of Rule 1212 and Note (1) to Rule 1224, Delhi Prison Rules, 2018 (Delhi Prison Rules) which deal with the permissibility of simultaneous grant of parole and furlough to co-accused persons, the Division Bench of <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Navin Chawla*<\/span> and Ravinder Dudeja, JJ., rejected the challenge to the impugned rules with the clarification that:<\/p>\n<ol style=\"list-style-type: decimal;\">\n<li>\n<p>The impugned rules do not impose a complete prohibition on grant of simultaneous parole or furlough for co-accused.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>The rules merely provide that such release is &#8220;ordinarily not permissible&#8221;, thereby requiring stricter scrutiny by the competent authority.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">The authority retains the discretion to grant simultaneous release in appropriate cases, keeping in mind the competing objectives of reformation of the convict and protection of societal interests.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%; font-weight: bold;\">Also Read: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2026\/05\/04\/del-hc-parole-pocso-convict-effective-legal-representation-slp\/\" target=\"_blank\">Jail Visitor&#8217;s Room Not Conducive Environment for Effective Lawyer&mdash;Client Communication; Delhi HC grants Parole to POCSO Convict to File SLP<\/a><\/p>\n<h3>Factual Matrix<\/h3>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">The petitioners were among 6 accused convicted by the trial court on 3 February 2018 under Sections <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001561607\" target=\"_blank\">302<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001561485\" target=\"_blank\">201<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001561375\" target=\"_blank\">120-B<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002726960\" target=\"_blank\">Penal Code, 1860<\/a> (IPC). Their conviction was upheld by the High Court on 26 June 2023, though the sentence was modified to life imprisonment with a minimum of 20 years of actual imprisonment without remission. The special leave petition against the said judgment was dismissed by the Supreme Court on 13 December 2023.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">The present petitions arose when Petitioner 1 was denied furlough by order dated 5 March 2024 on the ground that his co-convict had already been granted furlough, and simultaneous release of co-convicts is not permissible under Note (1) to Rule 1224, Delhi Prison Rules. Petitioner 2 claimed he was similarly unable to avail furlough since 2024 due to the same restriction.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">The petitioners therefore challenged rules Note (2) to Rule 1212 (parole) and Note (1) to Rule 1224 (furlough), on the ground that these provisions were being interpreted as imposing a complete prohibition on simultaneous release of co-accused.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%; font-weight: bold;\">Also Read: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2025\/10\/14\/del-hc-slams-state-authorities-not-following-prison-rules\/\" target=\"_blank\">&#8216;Long incarceration without Parole\/Furlough can lead to anarchy in jail&#8217;: Delhi High Court slams State Agencies for not following Prison Rules<\/a><\/p>\n<h3>Issues for Determination<\/h3>\n<ol style=\"list-style-type: decimal;\">\n<li>\n<p>Whether Note (2) to Rule 1212 and Note (1) to Rule 1224 impose a complete prohibition on simultaneous grant of parole\/furlough to co-accused?<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>Whether such restriction is arbitrary or defeats the object of parole and furlough?<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">Whether the provisions require reading down to align with constitutional and reformative objectives?<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3>Petitioners&#8217; Contentions<\/h3>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">The petitioners contended that the right of a convict to be considered for parole or furlough, if otherwise eligible, cannot be curtailed by the impugned rules. It was submitted that such a restriction would defeat the very object and purpose for which provisions relating to parole and furlough have been introduced. Reliance was placed on precedents including <span style=\"font-style: italic;\">Asfaq<\/span> v. <span style=\"font-style: italic;\">State of Rajasthan<\/span>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002804621\" target=\"_blank\">(2017) 15 SCC 55<\/a> and <span style=\"font-style: italic;\">Atbir<\/span> v. <span style=\"font-style: italic;\">State (NCT of Delhi)<\/span>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-9001671362\" target=\"_blank\">(2022) 13 SCC 96<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">The petitioners argued that the rules must be read down so as to permit simultaneous release of co-accused unless there are valid reasons to deny such release. It was emphasised that subordinate legislation must be read in conformity with the parent statute and fundamental rights and cannot operate in a manner that produces unjust consequences or defeats legislative intent.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">The petitioners further demonstrated that strict enforcement of the impugned provisions would, in cases involving multiple co-accused, result in a situation where a convict may never get an opportunity to avail furlough, as one or the other co-accused may always be on release.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%; font-weight: bold;\">Also Read: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2026\/04\/02\/all-hc-no-parole-for-arranging-childs-marriage-farm-work-if-alternatives-exist\/\" target=\"_blank\">No parole for arranging children&#8217;s marriage or agricultural work when alternative means exist: Allahabad High Court<\/a><\/p>\n<h3>Respondents&#8217; Contentions<\/h3>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">The respondents contended that parole and furlough cannot be claimed as a matter of right and are granted on the basis of discretionary power vested in the competent authority. It was submitted that the rules are designed to balance the competing interests of reformation of the convict and the need to safeguard public order and societal interest.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">The State argued that simultaneous release of co-accused may create law and order concerns and increase the possibility of criminal activity or threats to witnesses. Therefore, the restriction imposed by the rules is justified, and only in exceptional circumstances, particularly where co-accused are family members, can simultaneous release be considered.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">It was also contended that the rules have been framed keeping in view the Model Prison Manual, 2016 (Model Prison Manual) and administrative experience, and therefore do not warrant interference.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%; font-weight: bold;\">Also Read: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2025\/08\/27\/furlough-can-be-rejected-in-rarest-of-rare-case-ph-hc\/\" target=\"_blank\">&#8220;Furlough not a right, can be rejected in rarest of rare case&#8221;; Punjab &amp; Haryana HC rejects murder convict&#8217;s furlough plea<\/a><\/p>\n<h3>Analysis and Findings<\/h3>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">At the outset, the Court examined the distinction between parole and furlough, as explained by the Supreme Court in <span style=\"font-style: italic;\">Asfaq<\/span> (supra) and noted that parole was described as a conditional and temporary release, often granted for specific exigencies, whereas furlough was characterised as a short release granted as a reward for good conduct, forming part of the sentence itself.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">The Court then considered the statutory framework, noting that furlough is defined under Section 2(<span style=\"font-style: italic;\">h<\/span>), Delhi Prison Act, 2000 (Delhi Prison Act), and further elaborated under Rule 1199 as an incentive for maintaining discipline and good conduct. Parole, though not defined in the Delhi Prison Act, was explained in Rule 1198 as a temporary release enabling a prisoner to maintain social relations and fulfil familial obligations.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">The objectives of parole and furlough were emphasised in Rules 1197 and 1200 as progressive measures of correctional services aimed at maintaining family ties, developing self-confidence, enabling social reintegration, and mitigating the adverse effects of incarceration. These objectives were also reflected in the Model Prison Manual and judicial pronouncements.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%; font-weight: bold;\">Also Read: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2025\/10\/28\/article-21-encompasses-right-to-observe-ones-religious-duties-custody-parole-uapa\/\" target=\"_blank\">&#8216;Article 21 encompasses right to observe one&#8217;s religious duties&#8217;: Delhi High Court grants custody parole in UAPA case<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">The Court referred to <span style=\"font-style: italic;\">State of Maharashtra<\/span> v. <span style=\"font-style: italic;\">Suresh Pandurang Darvakar<\/span>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0000037855\" target=\"_blank\">(2006) 4 SCC 776<\/a> and <span style=\"font-style: italic;\">State of Gujarat<\/span> v. <span style=\"font-style: italic;\">Narayan<\/span>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-9001901375\" target=\"_blank\">(2021) 20 SCC 304<\/a>, where the Supreme Court held that although parole and furlough are discretionary and cannot be claimed as a matter of right, but, they embody a humanistic approach consistent with Article <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001574949\" target=\"_blank\">21<\/a> of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002726967\" target=\"_blank\">Constitution<\/a>. A balance must therefore be maintained between the rights of prisoners and the interest of society, <span style=\"font-style: italic;\">&#8220;to ensure that a person who has violated law and is punished with imprisonment undergoes such punishment and does not cause further threat to society, and on the other hand, the right of such prisoner to live a life of dignity by having a chance to maintain his social ties and to be able to breathe free air, albeit for some time.&#8221;<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">Applying these principles, the Court examined the impugned Notes and held that if they are interpreted as imposing a complete prohibition on simultaneous release of co-accused, such interpretation would defeat the very object of parole and furlough. In cases involving multiple co-accused, it could lead to a situation where a prisoner may not be able to avail such benefits for years.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">The Court gave significance to the expression &#8220;ordinarily&#8221; used in the Rules, observing that it indicates a restriction and not a prohibition. The use of this expression implies that while simultaneous release is generally discouraged, it is not barred and may be permitted in appropriate cases.<\/p>\n<p class=\"animate-charcter\" style=\"margin-bottom: 3%; margin-left: 36pt; font-weight: bold;\">&#8220;While there is no complete embargo on the Competent Authority to grant simultaneous parole\/furlough to co-accused persons, however, ordinarily the Competent Authority should ensure that simultaneous parole\/furlough is not granted to co-accused persons.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">It was further observed that parole, being granted for specific reasons, may be granted simultaneously to co-accused if such reasons exist. Similarly, furlough may also be granted simultaneously where the number of co-accused or other circumstances make staggered release impractical.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">The Court clarified that while considering such applications, the competent authority must examine whether simultaneous release would pose a threat of the co-accused combining to commit offences, influence witnesses, or disturb public order. It must also consider whether such risks can be mitigated by imposing appropriate conditions.<\/p>\n<p class=\"animate-charcter\" style=\"margin-bottom: 3%; margin-left: 36pt; font-style: italic;\">&#8220;There is no prohibition in the Competent Authority granting simultaneous parole\/furlough to co-accused, however, the same is restricted.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">Regarding the reference to family members in the impugned Notes, the Court held that this is merely illustrative of a situation where simultaneous release may be justified and does not limit the broader discretion available to the authority.<\/p>\n<h3>Decision<\/h3>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">The Court held that the impugned Rules do not impose an absolute bar on simultaneous grant of parole or furlough to co-accused persons. They merely restrict such grant, making it ordinarily impermissible but allowing exceptions based on circumstances. Accordingly, the Court clarified that the competent authority is not prohibited from granting simultaneous parole or furlough, but must exercise its discretion more strictly, keeping in view the competing objectives of reformation and societal interest.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">The Court rejected the challenge to the Rules and disposed of the petitions, with the above clarification. Pending applications were also disposed of, with no order as to costs.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%; font-weight: bold;\">Also Read: <a href=\"https:\/\/inc-word-edit.officeapps.live.com\/we\/more%20at\/%20https\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2024\/10\/16\/uniform-policy-for-furlough-parole-as-authorities-adopt-pick-choose-method-bomhc\/\" target=\"_blank\">&#8216;Uniform policy required for granting furlough\/parole as authorities adopt pick and choose policy&#8217;; Bombay HC grants furlough leave to two prisoners who surrendered late<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">[<span style=\"font-weight: bold; color: #632423;\"><span style=\"font-style: italic;\">Sandeep<\/span> v. <span style=\"font-style: italic;\">State (NCT of Delhi)<\/span>, W.P.(CRL) 1832\/2024 &amp; CRL.M.A. 17833\/2024, decided on 29-4-2026<\/span>]<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%; text-indent: 18pt; border: 2px solid black; border-radius: 10px; text-align: center; width: 50%; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; background-color: #DCDCDC;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000080;\">*Judgment authored by Justice Navin Chawla<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<hr\/>\n<p>Advocates who appeared in this case:<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 18pt;\">Mr. Ranbir Singh Kundu, Mr. Shubham Mavi and Mr. Paras, Counsel for the Petitioner<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 18pt;\">Mr.Yasir Rauf Ansari, ASC with Mr.Alok Sharma, Adv. and SI Sukhwinder Singh, Crime Branch, Counsel for the Respondents<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p style=\"font-style: italic;\">The High Court interpreted Note (2) to Rule 1212 and Note (1) to Rule 1224, Delhi Prison Rules, 2018, holding that &#8220;ordinarily&#8221; denotes restriction, not prohibition.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":67514,"featured_media":383255,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3,10],"tags":[103641,6711,2543,69106,103645,103643,68653,70103,68508,96645,103644,103642,103640],"class_list":["post-383252","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-casebriefs","category-highcourts","tag-article-21-rights-of-prisoners","tag-criminal-law","tag-Delhi_High_Court","tag-delhi-prison-rules-2018","tag-discretion-of-competent-authority","tag-furlough-eligibility","tag-justice-navin-chawla","tag-justice-ravinder-dudeja","tag-model-prison-manual-2016","tag-parole-and-furlough","tag-parole-conditions","tag-reformative-justice","tag-simultaneous-release-of-co-accused"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.4 (Yoast SEO v27.4) - 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