{"id":381439,"date":"2026-04-18T11:00:42","date_gmt":"2026-04-18T05:30:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/?p=381439"},"modified":"2026-04-18T10:54:53","modified_gmt":"2026-04-18T05:24:53","slug":"bombay-hc-quashes-abetment-of-suicide-proceeding-lays-down-test-for-ascertaining-offence","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2026\/04\/18\/bombay-hc-quashes-abetment-of-suicide-proceeding-lays-down-test-for-ascertaining-offence\/","title":{"rendered":"Bombay High Court lays down test for culpability in &#8216;Abetment of Suicide&#8217; cases"},"content":{"rendered":"<div style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;\">\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Disclaimer:<\/span> <span style=\"font-style: italic;\">This has been reported after the availability of the order of the Court and not on media reports so as to give an accurate report to our readers.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Bombay High Court:<\/span> In an application seeking to quash criminal proceedings under Sections <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-9001803443\" target=\"_blank\">108<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-9001803655\" target=\"_blank\">3(5)<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-9001804326\" target=\"_blank\">Nyaya Sanhita, 2023<\/a> (BNS) and the consequent proceedings thereof, <span style=\"color: #0e101a;\">the Single Bench of<\/span> Urmila Joshi Phalke, J., allowed the application; and held that the investigation papers nowhere reveal that there was any positive act on the part of the applicants,due to which the deceased had committed suicide; and that the test to be applied is whether the material on record, even <span style=\"font-style: italic;\">prima facie<\/span>, indicates that the accused intended the consequence of the act, namely suicide.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">It was further held thathere has to be a clear intention to commit the offence for being held liable under Section <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001561613\" target=\"_blank\">306<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002726960\" target=\"_blank\">IPC<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%; font-weight: bold;\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline; text-underline-style: solid; text-underline-mode: continuous;\">Also Read:<\/span> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2024\/12\/26\/supreme-court-quashes-abetment-of-suicide-charges-husband-in-laws\/\" target=\"_blank\">Supreme Court quashes abetment of suicide charges against husband and in-laws, citing lack of prima facie evidence of intent to instigate the deceased<\/a><\/p>\n<h3>Background<\/h3>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">The present application sought to quash the FIR registered against the applicants for the offence punishable under Sections <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-9001803443\" target=\"_blank\">108<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-9001803655\" target=\"_blank\">3(5)<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-9001804326\" target=\"_blank\">Nyaya Sanhita, 2023<\/a> (BNS) and the consequent proceedings. The said FIR was registered based on a report lodged by Non-Applicant 2, the wife of the deceased.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">It was alleged that the applicants had borrowed money from the deceased and quarrelled over this. They would openly say that they would not return the money. The deceased had financial constraints, and due to the non-repayment of the money by the applicants, there was no other option but to commit suicide.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%; font-weight: bold;\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline; text-underline-style: solid; text-underline-mode: continuous;\">Also Read:<\/span> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2026\/02\/05\/saying-go-away-and-die-in-heat-of-passion-not-abetment-of-suicide-ker-hc\/\" target=\"_blank\">Saying &#8216;go away and die&#8217; in heat of passion not abetment of suicide under S. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001561613\" target=\"_blank\">306<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002726960\" target=\"_blank\">IPC<\/a>; Kerala HC discharges accused<\/a><\/p>\n<h3>Issues<\/h3>\n<ol style=\"list-style-type: decimal;\">\n<li>\n<p>Whether non-repayment of money was a sufficient reason for the deceased to commit suicide pursuant to Section <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001561613\" target=\"_blank\">306<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002726960\" target=\"_blank\">Penal Code, 1860<\/a> (IPC)\/Section 108 BNS?<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">Whether a person can be said to have instigated another so as to constitute abetment, by conduct amounting to goading, provoking, or inciting the commission of the act.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3>Analysis<\/h3>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">At the outset, the Court stated that the record revealed the existence of a monetary transaction between the applicants and the deceased. However, it did not disclose that non-repayment of the amount by the applicants had caused such financial constraints that the deceased was left with no alternative but to commit suicide. Thus, insofar as the offence of abetment was concerned, the Court noted that the statements of the witnesses did not reveal any act on the part of the applicants that could have led the deceased to commit suicide. Even the video clip relied on by the prosecution merely reveals that the applicants were not repaying the money.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">The Court stated that it was necessary to consider the principles governing the quashing of an FIR. In the context of abetment of suicide, the key question was whether non-repayment of money by the applicants constituted sufficient cause to drive the deceased to commit suicide. The Court noted that, to sustain a charge under this provision, the prosecution was required to establish that the accused had played a role in the commission of suicide, and that their conduct satisfied one of the ingredients under Section <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001561357\" target=\"_blank\">107<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002726960\" target=\"_blank\">IPC<\/a>, namely, instigation, conspiracy, or intentional aiding.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">The Court further stated that it is well settled that, to attract the offence of abetment, the existence of <span style=\"font-style: italic;\">mens rea<\/span> is essential. In the absence of knowledge or intention, no offence of abetment is made out. Such knowledge and intention must relate to the act alleged to have been abetted, namely, the act of committing suicide. Accordingly, there must be a clear case of direct incitement to commit the act.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%; font-weight: bold;\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline; text-underline-style: solid; text-underline-mode: continuous;\">Also Read:<\/span> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2025\/05\/05\/sc-quashes-abetment-case-husbands-inlaws-mens-rea-absence\/\" target=\"_blank\">Allegations of past harassment insufficient without proximate mens rea for abetment of suicide: Supreme Court quashes case against Husband&#8217;s in-laws<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">The Court referred to the Supreme Court judgments in <span class=\"Emphasis\">Prabhu<span style=\"font-style: normal;\"> v.<\/span> State<span style=\"font-style: normal;\"><\/span>, <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink\/UCJ3yO48\" target=\"_blank\">2024 SCC OnLine SC 137<\/a><span class=\"Emphasis\" style=\"font-style: normal;\"><\/span>, which explained the ingredients of Section <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001561613\" target=\"_blank\">306<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002726960\" target=\"_blank\">IPC<\/a>, and <span class=\"Emphasis\">Sanju<span style=\"font-style: normal;\"> v.<\/span> State of M.P.<span style=\"font-style: normal;\"><\/span>, <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink\/ttJunz00\" target=\"_blank\">(2002) 5 SCC 371<\/a>, which elaborated on the concept of abetment in this context. It was held that a mere indirect or oblique impact of the acts or utterances of the accused on the mind of the deceased, which may have influenced him, would not be sufficient to constitute the offence of abetment of suicide.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%; margin-left: 36pt; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;\">&#8220;A word uttered in the fit of anger or emotion without intending the consequences to actually follow cannot be said to be &#8220;instigation&#8221;.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%; font-weight: bold;\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline; text-underline-style: solid; text-underline-mode: continuous;\">Also Read:<\/span> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2024\/05\/22\/ph-hc-set-aside-conviction-and-sentence-of-wife-convicted-for-abetment-of-suicide-scctimes\/\" target=\"_blank\">&#8216;Utterances made in moment of anger cannot be deemed as instigation&#8217;; Punjab and Haryana HC set aside conviction and sentence of wife convicted for abetment of suicide<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">The Court referred to <span style=\"font-style: italic;\">Ramesh Kumar<\/span> v. <span style=\"font-style: italic;\">State of Chhattisgarh<\/span>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink\/3e0a5lcU\" target=\"_blank\">(2001) 9 SCC 618<\/a>,<span style=\"font-style: italic;\"><\/span> wherein the meaning of &#8220;instigation&#8221; was examined, and it was held that &#8220;instigation&#8221; means to goad, urge forward, provoke, incite, or encourage the doing of an act. The Court stated that, to satisfy the requirement of instigation, it is not necessary that specific words be used or that the act be expressly suggestive of the consequence; however, there must be a reasonable certainty of inciting such consequence. The Court noted that the present case was not one where the accused, by their acts, omissions, or continued conduct, created circumstances leaving the deceased with no option but to commit suicide. A combined reading of Sections <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001561613\" target=\"_blank\">306<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001561357\" target=\"_blank\">107<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001561358\" target=\"_blank\">108<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002726960\" target=\"_blank\">IPC<\/a> shows that a positive act of instigation or aiding is required, in the absence of which conviction cannot be sustained.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%; font-weight: bold;\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline; text-underline-style: solid; text-underline-mode: continuous;\">Also Read:<\/span> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2025\/11\/03\/abetment-of-suicide-refusal-to-marry-not-instigation-sc\/\" target=\"_blank\">Abetment of suicide | Mere refusal to marry even if true by itself would not amount to instigation under S. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001561357\" target=\"_blank\">107<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002726960\" target=\"_blank\">IPC<\/a>: Supreme Court<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">The Court laid down that, in cases of abetment of suicide, the test is whether the material on record, even prima facie, indicates that the accused intended the consequence of suicide. To attract the provision, it must be shown that the accused actually instigated or aided the act of suicide, and there must be direct or indirect incitement, with the accused playing an active role.<\/p>\n<h3>Decision<\/h3>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">Applying the aforesaid principles, the Court observed that the material only disclosed a monetary transaction between the deceased and the applicants. The allegation was that the applicants had not repaid the amount, leading the deceased to commit suicide. However, there was no material to show that any act of the applicants constrained or compelled the deceased to take such a step. The video recording found in the deceased&#8217;s mobile phone merely indicated non-repayment and a grievance against the applicants. The allegation that the applicants had stated that they would not repay the amount was not substantiated by any material.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%; font-weight: bold;\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline; text-underline-style: solid; text-underline-mode: continuous;\">Also Read:<\/span> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2025\/06\/28\/humiliation-not-abetment-of-suicide-andhra-pradesh-high-court-legal-news\/\" target=\"_blank\">Humiliation by act and words will not by itself constitute abetment of suicide; Andhra Pradesh High Court acquits accused<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">Accordingly, the Court held that the allegation of abetment was not supported by any material showing that the deceased was left with no alternative but to commit suicide due to the acts of the applicants. The material was insufficient to subject the applicants to trial, as there was no evidence of any positive act on their part leading to the suicide.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">[<span style=\"font-weight: bold; color: #632423;\"><span style=\"font-style: italic;\">Vijay Sitaram Zoting<\/span> v. <span style=\"font-style: italic;\">State of Maharashtra<\/span>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink\/uv0LM99e\" target=\"_blank\">2026 SCC OnLine Bom 2388<\/a>, decided on 30-3-2026<\/span>]<\/p>\n<hr\/>\n<p>Advocates who appeared in this case:<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 18pt;\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">For the applicants:<\/span> S.M. Lodha, Advocate<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 18pt;\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">For the non-applicants:<\/span> N.B. Jawade, APP for the Non-applicant No.1\/State<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p style=\"font-style: italic;\">&#8220;A fatal impulse or ill-fated thoughts of the suicide, however unfortunate and touchy it may be, cannot fray the fabric of the provision contained in Section 306 IPC.&#8221;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":67011,"featured_media":381440,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3,10],"tags":[22444,2569,102571,102572,47081,72860,31744,102573,102570],"class_list":["post-381439","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-casebriefs","category-highcourts","tag-abetment-of-suicide","tag-Bombay_High_Court","tag-goad","tag-incite-or-encourage-to-suicide","tag-instigation","tag-justice-urmila-joshi-phalke","tag-provocation","tag-requirement-of-instigation","tag-unpaid-loans"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v26.4 (Yoast SEO v26.4) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Bombay HC quashes abetment of suicide proceedings; 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while acquitting in-laws of offences punishable under Ss. 306 and 498-A IPC","author":"Bhumika Indulia","date":"December 24, 2019","format":false,"excerpt":"Bombay High Court:\u00a0K.R. Shriram, J., dismissed an appeal filed against the order of the trial court whereby it had acquitted of the offences punishable under Sections 498-A, 306, 201 read with Section 34 Penal Code, 1860. The accused were the in-laws of the deceased. The complainant (father of the deceased)and\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Case Briefs&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/Bombay-HC.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/Bombay-HC.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/Bombay-HC.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/Bombay-HC.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/Bombay-HC.jpg?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":267967,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2022\/06\/04\/appointment-of-two-additional-judges-of-bombay-high-court-notified\/","url_meta":{"origin":381439,"position":1},"title":"Appointment of Two Additional Judges at Bombay High Court, notified","author":"Bhumika Indulia","date":"June 4, 2022","format":false,"excerpt":"President appoints (1) Smt. Urmila Sachin Joshi-Phalke, and (2) Shri Bharat Pandurang Deshpande, to be Additional Judges of the Bombay High Court, in that order of seniority, for a period of two years with effect from the date they assume charge of their respective offices. 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Bom HC decides","author":"Bhumika Indulia","date":"August 10, 2021","format":false,"excerpt":"Bombay High Court: The Division Bench of V.K. Jadhav and Shrikant D. Kulkarni, JJ., held that, Mere dishonour of cheque and refusal to pay remaining balance amount involved in the transaction does not amount to abetment to commit suicide. Factual Scenario Dnyanoba Shinde (deceased) was the father of first informant.\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Case Briefs&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/Bombay-HC.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/Bombay-HC.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/Bombay-HC.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/Bombay-HC.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/Bombay-HC.jpg?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":225281,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2020\/02\/07\/bom-hc-a-fatal-impulse-or-an-ill-fated-thought-of-the-deceased-cannot-fray-the-fabric-of-s-306-ipc-acquittal-of-in-laws-for-abetting-suicide-of-woman-upheld\/","url_meta":{"origin":381439,"position":4},"title":"Bom HC | A fatal impulse or an ill-fated thought of the deceased cannot fray the fabric of S. 306 IPC; Acquittal of in-laws for abetting suicide of woman upheld","author":"Bhumika Indulia","date":"February 7, 2020","format":false,"excerpt":"Bombay High Court:\u00a0K.R. Shriram, J., dismissed an appeal filed against the order of the trial court whereby the respondent-accused were acquitted of the offences under Section 498-A\u00a0(husband or relative of a woman subjecting her to cruelty)\u00a0and Section 306\u00a0(abetment of suicide)\u00a0read with Section 34\u00a0(acts done by several persons in furtherance of\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Case Briefs&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/Bombay-HC.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/Bombay-HC.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/Bombay-HC.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/Bombay-HC.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/Bombay-HC.jpg?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":208024,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2019\/01\/14\/delhi-hc-slapping-husband-in-presence-of-others-not-enough-to-show-instigation-to-commit-suicide\/","url_meta":{"origin":381439,"position":5},"title":"Del HC| Slapping husband in presence of others not enough to show instigation to commit suicide","author":"Bhumika Indulia","date":"January 14, 2019","format":false,"excerpt":"Delhi High Court:\u00a0The Bench of Sanjeev Sachdeva, J. discharged the petitioner-wife of the offence under Section 306 IPC for allegedly abetting suicide of her husband. Petitioner was wife of the deceased who committed suicide in 2015. 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