{"id":380540,"date":"2026-04-09T11:00:51","date_gmt":"2026-04-09T05:30:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/?p=380540"},"modified":"2026-04-10T17:40:30","modified_gmt":"2026-04-10T12:10:30","slug":"no-bar-on-anticipatory-bail-sc-st-act-no-prima-facie-disclosure-jk-hc","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2026\/04\/09\/no-bar-on-anticipatory-bail-sc-st-act-no-prima-facie-disclosure-jk-hc\/","title":{"rendered":"J&K and Ladakh HC| No Bar on Anticipatory Bail under S. 18 SC\/ST Act on Absence of Prima Facie Disclosure of Ingredients of Offence"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Jammu & Kashmir and Ladakh High Court:<\/span> In a case seeking anticipatory bail in relation to a caste-based abuse in a public setting, the issue was whether the allegations contained in the FIR prima facie disclosed the essential ingredients of offences under Sections 3(1)(r<\/span>) and 3(1)(s<\/span>)<\/a>, Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes (Prevention of Atrocities) Act, 1989<\/a> (SC\/ST Act) so as to exclude the remedy of pre-arrest bail. A Single Judge Bench of Rajesh Sekhri<\/span>, J., held that the allegations contained in the FIR did not disclose the necessary ingredients of the alleged offences. Consequently, the statutory bar under Sections 18<\/a> and 18-A<\/a>, SC\/ST Act<\/a> was held to be inapplicable, and the Court allowed the petition, granting anticipatory bail subject to conditions.<\/p>\n

Also read:<\/b> Anticipatory bail maintainable only before High Court in absence of prima facie case under SC\/ST Act: Andhra Pradesh High Court<\/a><\/p>\n

Background<\/h3>\n

On 8 January 2026, during the inauguration of a road, it was alleged that the petitioner, a member of District Development Council, along with her sons, assaulted the complainant and others without provocation, causing injuries and disturbing public order. It was specifically alleged that during the occurrence, a caste-based derogatory slur “chinal” was used publicly, knowing that the complainant belonged to the “Megh” community, a Scheduled Caste category. Based on the complaint, an FIR came to be registered for offences under Sections 126(2)<\/a>, 115(2)<\/a>, 351(2)<\/a>, 352<\/a>, Nagarik Sanhita, 2023<\/a> (BNS) read with Sections 3(1)(r<\/span>) and 3(1)(s<\/span>)<\/a>, SC\/ST Act<\/a>.<\/p>\n

The investigating agency recorded statements of eyewitnesses, including the Lumbardar and Chowkidar, who confirmed that the term “chinal” was locally understood as a caste-based abusive expression linked to the Megh community. Electronic evidence in the form of videos and photographs was also collected, and caste certificates confirmed the caste status of both the complainant and the accused, being “Megh” and “Jaral” category. The petitioner’s son, who was arrested on 26 January 2026, was released on bail by the trial court but the petitioner’s bail plea was rejected.<\/p>\n

The petitioner contended that the internet meaning of the term “chinal” suggested that it was a gender-specific word and referred to the women who were harlots, whereas the complainant was a male, and also in the local language, the term was derived from the word “China” which meant religious symbols and divine weapons and “chinal” was a person who carried and took care of such china. Further, in Doda District, such chinals were worshipped before the commencement of a religious activity. She also submitted that during the event, she was forcibly restrained by the complainant from inaugurating the road and manhandled, after which he had also lodged the complaint with an ill-intent to satisfy political vendetta. It was urged that since the FIR did not disclose a prima facie offence under the SC\/ST Act, the statutory bar against anticipatory bail mandated by Sections 18<\/a> and 18-A(1)<\/a>, SC\/ST Act<\/a> was not attracted.<\/p>\n

On the other hand, the respondents opposed the petition, contending that the utterance of a caste-based slur in public view was supported by witness statements and electronic evidence.<\/p>\n

Analysis and Decision<\/h3>\n

The Court relied on Shajan Skaria<\/span> v. State of Kerala<\/span>, 2024 SCC OnLine SC 2249<\/a>, wherein it was held that the offence under Section 3(1)(r<\/span>)<\/a>, SC\/ST Act<\/a> cannot stand merely because the complainant belongs to a Scheduled Caste or a Scheduled Tribe, unless there is a clear intention to humiliate the victim on account of caste identity. The Supreme Court highlighted that where it is apparent from the face of the FIR or the complaint that no ingredient prima facie constituting an offence under SC\/ST Act is made out, anticipatory bail can be granted. The Court also referred to Keshaw Mahto<\/span> v. State of Bihar<\/span>1<\/sup><\/a> wherein the Supreme Court observed that for an offence under Section 3(1)(s<\/span>)<\/a>, SC\/ST Act<\/a> it is necessary that abuse must be by caste name in public view and the allegations must reveal that such abuses were laced with caste name or caste name itself was hurled as an abuse.<\/p>\n

The Court clarified that the threshold for determining the applicability of Sections 18<\/a> and 18-A<\/a>, SC\/ST Act<\/a> is whether the allegations in the FIR or complaint prima facie disclose the essential ingredients of the alleged offence. The Court observed that unless the essential ingredients are not disclosed, the bar contained in the abovementioned sections would not apply and courts could grant pre-arrest bail. The Court opined that courts in exercise of criminal jurisdiction to consider a bail plea cannot embark upon a “mini trial” to resolve factual disputes, and therefore, whether the word “chinal” was caste-based, gender-specific, or a religious symbol could only be decided during a full-dressed trial and could not be gone into in exercise of the Court’s criminal jurisdiction to consider a bail plea.<\/p>\n

The Court noted that the petitioner’s counsel had argued that the Constitution (Jammu and Kashmir) Scheduled Castes Order, 1956, published on 31 October 2019 (SC Order of 2019) provided a list of 13 Scheduled Castes, and since “chinal” did not figure in the said list, it could not be termed a caste name, and as such no offence under SC\/ST Act was made out. However, the Court observed that the slur was linked to the Megh community which was mentioned in the list of SC Order of 2019 and hence, the petitioner’s argument was misconceived.<\/p>\n

The Court observed that an abuse by a person not being a member of a Scheduled Caste or a Scheduled Tribe, directed against a member of such community “by caste name” in any place within public view, is sufficient to constitute an offence within the meaning of Section 3(1)(s<\/span>)<\/a>, SC\/ST Act<\/a> and it is immaterial whether such abuse consists of a single word or more than one word. The Court opined that the insult must be intentionally targeted at the victim because he belongs to a Scheduled Caste or a Scheduled Tribe rather than just a general abuse in a sudden fight. Therefore, even a single caste-based abuse would be sufficient to make out an offence under SC\/ST Act, if it is linked to victim’s caste and intended to humiliate him in public view.<\/p>\n

Upon examining the video recordings and an alleged press conference of the petitioner relied upon by the prosecution, the Court noted that although in the video the petitioner was seen assaulting someone, nothing incriminating was discernible which could prima facie establish the utterance of a caste-based slur, and that even the alleged admission in the press conference did not contain any acknowledgment of caste-based abuse. Thus, the Court concluded that the electronic evidence did not support the allegations under Section 3(1)(r<\/span>)<\/a> or Section 3(1)(s<\/span>), SC\/ST Act<\/a> even though the rest of the offences under penal laws might be constituted.<\/p>\n

Accordingly, the Court, while allowing the petition, directed that the petitioner, in the event of arrest, be released on bail on furnishing a surety bond in the amount of Rs 25,000 and a bond of personal recognition of the like amount.<\/p>\n

Also read:<\/b> Bar on grant of anticipatory bail under S. 18 SC\/ST Act not applicable when application filed under S. 482 of BNSS: Allahabad High Court<\/a><\/p>\n

[Santosha Devi<\/span> v. State (UT of J&K)<\/span>, 2026 SCC OnLine J&K 219<\/a>, decided on 2-4-2026<\/span>]<\/p>\n\n

Advocates who appeared in this case:<\/p>\n

For the Petitioner:<\/span> M\/s J. P. Gandhi and Nipun Gandhi, Advocates.<\/p>\n

For the Respondents:<\/span> Monika Kohli, Sr. AAG.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n

1.<\/a> SLP (Crl.) No. 12144 of 2025, decided on 12-1-2026.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

“Courts in exercise of criminal jurisdiction to consider a bail plea cannot embark upon a ‘mini trial’ to resolve factual disputes, and therefore, whether the word ‘chinal’ was caste-based, gender-specific, or a religious symbol could only be decided during a full-dressed trial and cannot be considered in a bail plea.”<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":67538,"featured_media":380545,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3,10],"tags":[13011,102058,102056,102057,55664,85148,35726,102053,102054,102055],"class_list":["post-380540","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-casebriefs","category-highcourts","tag-anticipatory-bail","tag-anticipatory-bail-under-sc-st-act","tag-caste-based-abuse","tag-caste-based-slur","tag-jammu-kashmir-and-ladakh-high-court","tag-justice-rajesh-sekhri","tag-pre-arrest-bail","tag-section-18-sc-st-act","tag-section-31r-sc-st-act","tag-section-31s-sc-st-act"],"yoast_head":"\nNo bar on Anticipatory Bail under SC\/ST Act without Prima Facie Disclosure | SCC Times<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Jammu & Kashmir and Ladakh High Court holds that bar on Anticipatory 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HC | Anticipatory Bail can be allowed in offences under SC\/ST (POA) Act only in event of no prima facie case being made out against accused; Appeal dismissed","author":"Editor","date":"November 5, 2020","format":false,"excerpt":"Kerala High Court: V.G. Arun J., while dismissing the present appeal clarified on the applicability of Section 438 Criminal Procedure Code, 1973 in an offence under SC\/ST (POA) Act. \u00a0Brief Facts Appellants are the accused of offences punishable under Sections 341, 294(b) and 506(i) read with Section 34 of the\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Case Briefs"","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":274577,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2022\/09\/27\/kerala-high-court-anticipatory-bail-penal-code-scheduled-tribes-prevention-of-atrocities-act-1989-scheduled-caste-section-18-and-18-a-of-sc-st-act-section-32va-of-sc-st-act-sections-452\/","url_meta":{"origin":380540,"position":1},"title":"Kerala High Court explains scope of grant of anticipatory bail in offences under SC\/ST Act; true import of \u2018knowing’ or \u2018knowledge’ under Section 3(2)(va) of the Act","author":"Editor","date":"September 27, 2022","format":false,"excerpt":"\u00a0 \u00a0 Kerala High Court: In an appeal relating to the grant of anticipatory bail for the commission of offences under Sections 452, 506(ii) and 195-A of the Penal Code, 1860 as well as under Section 3(2)(va) of the Scheduled Tribes (Prevention of Atrocities) Act, (SC\/ST Act) 1989, A. Badharudeen,\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Case Briefs"","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Kerala High Court","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/kerla_high_court.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/kerla_high_court.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/kerla_high_court.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/kerla_high_court.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/kerla_high_court.jpg?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":279948,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2022\/12\/19\/what-should-be-analysed-by-courts-for-considering-the-question-of-prima-facie-case-when-dealing-with-pre-arrest-bail-pleas-under-sc-st-act-kerala-high-court-answers-legal-rese\/","url_meta":{"origin":380540,"position":2},"title":"Kerala High Court | Courts should carefully analyse cases while dealing with pre-arrest bail pleas under SC\/ST Act","author":"Editor","date":"December 19, 2022","format":false,"excerpt":"It is shocking, rather a mind-blowing fact that many innocent persons are victims of false implication under the SC\/ST Act","rel":"","context":"In "Case Briefs"","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Kerala High Court","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/MicrosoftTeams-image-310.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":211201,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2019\/03\/02\/bom-hc-s-18-of-sc-st-act-doesnt-statutorily-bar-high-court-from-considering-anticipatory-bail-application-under-s-438-crpc\/","url_meta":{"origin":380540,"position":3},"title":"Bom HC | S.18 of SC\/ST Act doesn’t statutorily bar High Court from considering anticipatory bail application under S. 438 CrPC","author":"Bhumika Indulia","date":"March 2, 2019","format":false,"excerpt":"Bombay High Court:\u00a0K.K. Sonawane, J., while reversing the judgment passed by Additional Sessions Judge, allowed pre-arrest bail applications of appellants filed under Section 438 CrPC. The appellants were accused of assaulting the complainant and abusing him using filthy language while referring to his caste \"Adiwasi\". An FIR was lodged and\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Case Briefs"","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/Bombay-HC.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/Bombay-HC.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/Bombay-HC.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/Bombay-HC.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/Bombay-HC.jpg?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":243849,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2021\/02\/13\/chh-hc-under-what-circumstances-can-anticipatory-bail-be-granted-in-light-of-the-bar-created-under-s-18-of-sc-st-act-appeal-allowed\/","url_meta":{"origin":380540,"position":4},"title":"Chh HC | Under what circumstances can \u2018Anticipatory Bail\u2019 be granted in light of the bar created under S. 18 of SC\/ST Act; Appeal Allowed","author":"Editor","date":"February 13, 2021","format":false,"excerpt":"Chhattisgarh High Court: Manindra Mohan Shrivastava J., granted anticipatory bail and set aside the impugned rejection order on the ground of patent illegality. The applicant was apprehending his arrest for the offence punishable under Section 294, 324, 506 of Penal Code, 1860 i.e. IPC and Section 3(2) (v) of Scheduled\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Case Briefs"","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":205531,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2018\/11\/20\/patna-hc-grants-anticipatory-bail-to-a-person-apprehending-arrest-under-sc-st-act-noting-inconsistencies-in-statements-recorded-in-fir-and-case-diary\/","url_meta":{"origin":380540,"position":5},"title":"Patna HC grants anticipatory bail to a person apprehending arrest under SC\/ST Act noting inconsistencies in statements recorded in FIR and case diary","author":"Bhumika Indulia","date":"November 20, 2018","format":false,"excerpt":"Patna High Court: A Single judge bench comprising of Birendra Kumar, J. allowed the plea for anticipatory bail of a person apprehending arrest under the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes (Prevention of Atrocities) Act, 1989 (SC\/ST Act), on the ground of inconsistencies in statements of prosecution. A police case was\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Case Briefs"","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]}],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/380540","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/67538"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=380540"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/380540\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":380800,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/380540\/revisions\/380800"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/380545"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=380540"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=380540"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=380540"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}