{"id":379566,"date":"2026-03-27T15:00:31","date_gmt":"2026-03-27T09:30:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/?p=379566"},"modified":"2026-03-30T17:46:24","modified_gmt":"2026-03-30T12:16:24","slug":"supreme-court-dismissal-order-invoking-article-311-2-b","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2026\/03\/27\/supreme-court-dismissal-order-invoking-article-311-2-b\/","title":{"rendered":"Supreme Court Flags Misuse of Article 311(2)(b): Departmental Inquiry Cannot Be Dispensed with Lightly"},"content":{"rendered":"<div style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;\">\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Supreme Court:<\/span> Examining the legality of a dismissal order passed by invoking Article <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001575127\" target=\"_blank\">311(2)(b)<\/a> of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002726967\" target=\"_blank\">Constitution<\/a> without holding a departmental inquiry, the Division Bench of <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">J.K. Maheshwari<\/span>* &amp; Atul. S. Chandurkar, JJ., quashed the order of the Delhi High Court which had affirmed the order of dismissal of service against the appellant, issued by exercising power under Article 311 of Constitution without conducting the departmental inquiry under Article 311(2). The Court held that the reasoning assigned by the disciplinary authority, while issuing an order of dismissal from service under clause (b) of Second Proviso to Article 311(2), for dispensing with an inquiry ought to be relevant and shall be recorded in writing.<\/p>\n<h3>Background<\/h3>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">The appellant was dismissed from service by the Deputy Commissioner of Police through an order dated 18 July 2017, exercising power under clause(b) of Second Proviso to Article <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001575127\" target=\"_blank\">311(2)<\/a> of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002726967\" target=\"_blank\">Constitution<\/a>, without conducting any departmental inquiry. The regular procedure prescribed under the Delhi Police (Punishment and Appeal) Rules, 1980 was not followed as the preliminary enquiry revealed that it would not be &#8216;reasonably practicable&#8217; to conduct a regular departmental enquiry on account of reasonable belief of threat, intimidation and inducement to the victim and thereby creating the possibility of tampering with the vital evidence.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">The appeal against the said order was dismissed by Special Commissioner of Police vide order dated 30July 2018, accepting the same reasons. This led to the filing of OA No. 744 of 2020 before CAT to get both the orders quashed which was again dismissed vide order dated 29 November 2022. A Writ Petition was filed before Delhi High Court which was again dismissed on the same reasoning. Hence, the present appeal was filed against the same.<\/p>\n<h3>Issues for Consideration<\/h3>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">Whether the dismissal order passed by the Authority and affirmed by CAT and High Court is legally sustainable or not on the ground of dispensing with departmental inquiry as it was found to be &#8220;not reasonably practicable&#8221; to conduct the inquiry exercising power under clause(b) of Second Proviso to Article 311(2)?<\/p>\n<h3>Court&#8217;s Analysis<\/h3>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">The Court referred to Section <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001587533\" target=\"_blank\">21<\/a> and Section <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001587534\" target=\"_blank\">22<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002877403\" target=\"_blank\">Delhi Police Act, 1978<\/a> and observed that these provisions are subject to Article <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001575127\" target=\"_blank\">311<\/a> of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002726967\" target=\"_blank\">Constitution<\/a>. Section 21(1) confers power upon the authorities prescribed therein to impose various punishments mentioned in clauses (a) to (g) and Section 22 governs the procedure for awarding the punishment of dismissal, removal and reduction of rank and casts obligation upon the officer passing an order of punishment to record the reasons for such order in accordance with the Rules 5, 6 14 &amp; 16, the Delhi Police (Punishment and Appeal) Rules, 1980.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">The order of dismissal was passed in exercise of the power under clause (b) of second proviso to Article <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001575127\" target=\"_blank\">311(2)<\/a> of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002726967\" target=\"_blank\">Constitution<\/a>, which is an exception to clause (2) and mentions that the mandatory inquiry mentioned in clause (2) can be dispensed with if the authority is satisfied that it is not reasonably practicable to hold such inquiry, so the Court observed that the second proviso restricts application of Article 311(2) only under Clauses (a), (b) and (c) of the second proviso.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">Explaining Clause(b), the Court emphasized that &#8220;not reasonably practicable&#8221; would mean that the requirement to hold an inquiry is not practicable in the opinion of a reasonable man taking a reasonable view of the situation. Court further observed that it is a matter of assessment to be made by the disciplinary authority holding the post.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">The Court held that the disciplinary authority should record its reasons in writing for its satisfaction that holding an inquiry is not reasonably practicable or the order dispensing with the inquiry and the order of penalty flowing therefrom would be void and unconstitutional. Moreover, the reasoning assigned by the disciplinary authority ought to be relevant for dispensing with an inquiry. Court added that where the administrative discretion is exercised, the matter is subject to judicial review.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">Dissatisfied by the reasoning provided by the disciplinary authority for dispensing with inquiry in the case at hand, the Court held that an employee holding a post in Union or State ought not to be dismissed or removed by an authority subordinate to the one by which he was appointed and should be done only after an inquiry supplying the charges and giving a reasonable opportunity of being heard in respect of those charges.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">The Court clarified that the applicability of clause(b) is restricted in a situation wherein his conduct led to his conviction on criminal charges or where the authority records reason in writing upon satisfaction that it is not &#8216;reasonably practicable&#8217; to hold an enquiry against him. Otherwise, dispensing with the enquiry is not permissible in law.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">Thus, the Court held that the order dispensing with the regular procedure of inquiry is arbitrary and consequently the order of dismissal of the appellant is liable to be quashed.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">[<span style=\"font-weight: bold; color: #632423;\"><span style=\"font-style: italic;\">Manohar Lal<\/span> v. <span style=\"font-style: italic;\">Commissioner of Police<\/span>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink\/jIEd3L3i\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2026 SCC OnLine SC 363<\/a>, decided on 12-3-2026<\/span>]<\/p>\n<hr\/>\n<p>Advocates who appeared in this case:<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 18pt;\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">For Appelant:<\/span> Sandeep Choudhary<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 18pt;\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">For Respondents:<\/span> Mukesh Kumar Maroria<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"color: #000080;\">Buy Constitution of India &nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ebcwebstore.com\/product\/the-constitution-of-india-coat-pocket-edition?products_id=100647\" target=\"_blank\">HERE<\/a><\/h3>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ebcwebstore.com\/product\/the-constitution-of-india-coat-pocket-edition?products_id=100647\" target=\"_blank\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/s3.amazonaws.com\/ebcwebstore\/images\/the-constitution-of-india-coat-pocket-edition-Gopal-Sankaranarayanan-ebc-front-cover.JPG\" alt=\"Constitution of India\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" class=\"aligncenter size-large wp-image-294438\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p style=\"font-style: italic;\">The Supreme Court was examining the legality of a dismissal order passed by invoking Article 311(2)(b) of the Constitution without holding a departmental inquiry.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":67011,"featured_media":379569,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3,9],"tags":[49855,101325,101326,14131,23224,3528,65820,101327,101329,101328,5363],"class_list":["post-379566","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-casebriefs","category-supremecourt","tag-administrative-discretion","tag-clauseb-of-second-proviso-to-article-3112-of-the-constitution","tag-delhi-police-punishment-and-appeal-rules-1980","tag-departmental-enquiry","tag-dismissal-from-service","tag-Judicial_Review","tag-justice-j-k-maheshwari","tag-reasonably-practicable","tag-record-reasons-in-writing","tag-section-21-section-22-of-the-delhi-police-act-1978","tag-supreme-court"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v26.4 (Yoast SEO v26.4) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Supreme Court on Dismissal Order Passed by Invoking Article 311(2)(b)| SCC Times<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Analysis of the Supreme Court&#039;s ruling on the dismissal order passed by invoking Article 311(2)(b) of the Constitution. 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He was placed under suspension, and disciplinary proceedings were initiated under Article 311(2)(b) of Constitution without a regular inquiry. Consequently, the Disciplinary Authority dismissed him from service.","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Case Briefs&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Independent satisfaction mandatory under Art. 311(2)(b)","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Independent-satisfaction-mandatory-under-Art.-3112b.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Independent-satisfaction-mandatory-under-Art.-3112b.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Independent-satisfaction-mandatory-under-Art.-3112b.webp?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Independent-satisfaction-mandatory-under-Art.-3112b.webp?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":336453,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2024\/12\/03\/govt-employee-dismissed-without-subjective-satisfaction-article-3112c-manipur-hc-upholds-reinstatement\/","url_meta":{"origin":379566,"position":1},"title":"[Art. 311(2)(c)] Governor&#8217;s sanction without \u2018subjective satisfaction&#8217;; Manipur HC upholds reinstatement of Sub-Inspector","author":"Editor","date":"December 3, 2024","format":false,"excerpt":"\u201cThe Governor cannot just give assent by just writing \u201cmay be approved\u201d without expressing subjective satisfaction as to the recommendation of the Committee of Advisors.\u201d","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Case Briefs&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Manipur High Court","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Manipur-High-Court.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Manipur-High-Court.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Manipur-High-Court.webp?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Manipur-High-Court.webp?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":235743,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2020\/09\/14\/ph-hc-orders-reinstatement-of-employee-dismissed-for-misconduct-under-art-3112-without-recording-sufficient-reasons\/","url_meta":{"origin":379566,"position":2},"title":"P&#038;H HC orders reinstatement of employee dismissed for misconduct under Art. 311(2) without recording sufficient reasons","author":"Editor","date":"September 14, 2020","format":false,"excerpt":"Punjab and Haryana High Court: While deliberating over a matter of wrongful termination of a public servant\u2019s services, Anil Kshetarpal, J., allowed the writ petition granting relief to the petitioner and observed that, \u201cMere observation that the departmental inquiry at this stage does not appear to be justified is not\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Case Briefs&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":321164,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2024\/05\/01\/accused-being-police-personnel-cannot-be-ground-to-presume-that-witnesses-will-not-depose-against-him-dhc-legal-news\/","url_meta":{"origin":379566,"position":3},"title":"[Sexual Harassment] Accused being a police personnel cannot be a ground to presume that witnesses will not depose against him: Delhi HC upholds setting aside of dismissal order","author":"Simranjeet","date":"May 1, 2024","format":false,"excerpt":"The Court stated that only because respondent is police personnel, it cannot be a ground to hold him guilty without conducting the statutorily prescribed departmental enquiry and that too in a matter, where the complainant and the witnesses are also police personnel.","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Case Briefs&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Delhi High Court","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Delhi-High-Court.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Delhi-High-Court.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Delhi-High-Court.webp?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Delhi-High-Court.webp?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":110281,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2017\/02\/28\/article-311-of-the-constitution-applies-only-to-civil-posts-not-to-autonomous-bodies\/","url_meta":{"origin":379566,"position":4},"title":"Article 311 of the Constitution applies only to civil posts, not to autonomous bodies","author":"Saba","date":"February 28, 2017","format":false,"excerpt":"Delhi High Court:\u00a0In the instant writ petition, the petitioner challenged the order of disciplinary authority whereby the petitioner had been inflicted the penalty of dismissal from service which would ordinarily be disqualification for future employment under the Government. Petitioner-an employee of Delhi Urban Shelter Improvement Board pleaded that he was\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Case Briefs&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":323078,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2024\/05\/28\/punjab-haryana-hc-sets-aside-ssp-order-dismissing-probationer-si-accused-of-taking-illegal-gratification\/","url_meta":{"origin":379566,"position":5},"title":"\u2018Merely writing one line on \u2018non-practicality of holding inquiry\u2019 not enough\u2019; P&#038;H HC sets aside SSP\u2019s order dismissing probationer SI accused of taking illegal gratification","author":"Editor","date":"May 28, 2024","format":false,"excerpt":"The Court directed that the SSP should be free either to conduct departmental inquiry after following due procedure prescribed by Punjab Police Rules, 1934 or take appropriate decision after conclusion of criminal proceedings.","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Case Briefs&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Punjab and Haryana High Court","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Punjab-and-Haryana-High-Court.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Punjab-and-Haryana-High-Court.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Punjab-and-Haryana-High-Court.webp?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Punjab-and-Haryana-High-Court.webp?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x"},"classes":[]}],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/379566","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/67011"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=379566"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/379566\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":379727,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/379566\/revisions\/379727"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/379569"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=379566"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=379566"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=379566"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}