{"id":378679,"date":"2026-03-18T10:00:08","date_gmt":"2026-03-18T04:30:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/?p=378679"},"modified":"2026-03-24T10:38:21","modified_gmt":"2026-03-24T05:08:21","slug":"bombay-hc-converts-murder-conviction-to-culpable-homicide-on-provocation","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2026\/03\/18\/bombay-hc-converts-murder-conviction-to-culpable-homicide-on-provocation\/","title":{"rendered":"Bombay HC converts conviction from murder to culpable homicide, recognises \u201ccontinuous provocation\u201d from tobacco-addicted brother"},"content":{"rendered":"<div style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;\">\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Bombay High Court:<\/span> In a criminal appeal under Section <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001561607\" target=\"_blank\">302<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002726960\" target=\"_blank\">Penal Code, 1860<\/a> (IPC), wherein a man was accused of murdering his brother, the Division Bench of A.S. Gadkari and <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Shyam C. Chandak*<\/span>, J., held that the case was covered by Exception 1 of Section <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001561605\" target=\"_blank\">300<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002726960\" target=\"_blank\">IPC<\/a>. The Court noted that the deceased&#8217;s continuous addiction to tobacco, his abusive behaviour, and his assault on the appellant on the night of the incident amounted to provocation sufficient to deprive the appellant of self-control. Accordingly, the conviction under Section <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001561607\" target=\"_blank\">302<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002726960\" target=\"_blank\">IPC<\/a> was set aside and modified to Section <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001561609\" target=\"_blank\">304(I)<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002726960\" target=\"_blank\">IPC<\/a> with a reduced sentence of ten years rigorous imprisonment.<\/p>\n<h3>Background<\/h3>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">The case arose from persistent quarrels between the brothers, primarily due to one brother&#8217;s addiction to tobacco and gutka. Despite repeated advice from his mother and the appellant, he continued his habits, often spitting inside the house and creating unhygienic conditions. On the relevant day, after consuming tobacco, he assaulted the appellant, who was unwell and suffering from jaundice. Later that night, the appellant crushed his brother&#8217;s head and face with a cement block.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">The trial court convicted him under Section <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001561607\" target=\"_blank\">302<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002726960\" target=\"_blank\">IPC<\/a> and sentenced him to life imprisonment. In appeal, however, it was argued that the mother&#8217;s testimony, though hostile, could not be discarded entirely, and that the deceased&#8217;s behaviour amounted to continuous provocation. The prosecution contended that portions of hostile testimony can be relied upon and emphasised that there was no reason for the mother to lodge a false case against her own son.<\/p>\n<h3>Analysis and Decision<\/h3>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">The Court noted that the act of causing the homicidal death of the deceased will fall under Exception 1 of Section <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001561605\" target=\"_blank\">300<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002726960\" target=\"_blank\">IPC<\/a>. The Court referred to <span style=\"font-style: italic;\">K.M. Nanavati<\/span> v. <span style=\"font-style: italic;\">State of Maharashtra<\/span>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink\/95mERv8x\" target=\"_blank\">1961 SCC OnLine SC 69<\/a>, wherein the Supreme Court held that Exception 1 to Section <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001561605\" target=\"_blank\">300<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002726960\" target=\"_blank\">IPC<\/a> applies when preceding the offence, there was a last act, word or gesture in the series of incidents comprising of that conduct, amounting to sudden provocation sufficient for reactive loss of self-control.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">The Court highlighted that the mother admitted that the deceased&#8217;s behaviour was unbearable, wherein she and the appellant were fed up due to his vices. The Court further noted that the deceased used to beat them even though they tried to persuade him to give up his addictions and improve. It was observed that the spot panchnama clearly shows that the room where the mother and her two sons were residing was small, and the deceased further created hardship by spitting tobacco inside the room and keeping it unhygienic.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">The Court emphasised that the family had a poor financial background and, at the time of the last quarrel, the deceased had assaulted the appellant, who was unwell. It was noted that the appellant wanted the deceased to give up his addictions and improve. The Court observed that the cumulative and continued abusive behaviour of the deceased towards the appellant and their mother over a period of time, coupled with the provocative assault on the appellant by the deceased during their last quarrel, resulted in continuing stress by provocation, which ultimately led to the unfortunate homicidal death of the deceased, making it covered by Exception 1 of Section <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001561605\" target=\"_blank\">300<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002726960\" target=\"_blank\">IPC<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">Accordingly, the Court quashed and set aside the conviction under Section <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001561607\" target=\"_blank\">302<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002726960\" target=\"_blank\">IPC<\/a> and instead convicted the appellant under Section <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001561609\" target=\"_blank\">304(I)<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002726960\" target=\"_blank\">IPC<\/a>, sentencing him to rigorous imprisonment for ten years along with a fine of Rs 5000, with a default sentence of three months.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">[<span style=\"font-weight: bold; color: #632423;\"><span style=\"font-style: italic;\">Hemant Vasant Devrukhkar<\/span> v. <span style=\"font-style: italic;\">State of Maharashtra<\/span>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink\/xhK30X9q\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2026 SCC OnLine Bom 2011<\/a>, decided on 10-3-2026<\/span>]<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%; text-indent: 18pt; border: 2px solid black; border-radius: 10px; text-align: center; width: 50%; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; background-color: #DCDCDC;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000080;\">*Judgment authored by: Justice Shyam C. Chandak<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<hr\/>\n<p>Advocates who appeared in this case:<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 18pt;\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">For the Appellant:<\/span> Nitesh S. Nevshe a\/w. Shweta N. Nevshe<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 18pt;\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">For the Respondent:<\/span> Ashish I. Satpute, APP<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"color: #000080;\">Buy Penal Code, 1860 &nbsp; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ebcwebstore.com\/product_info.php?products_id=1158\" target=\"_blank\">HERE<\/a><\/h3>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ebcwebstore.com\/product_info.php?products_id=1158\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/penal-code-1860-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"penal code, 1860\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" class=\"aligncenter size-large wp-image-294601\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/penal-code-1860-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/penal-code-1860-768x511.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/penal-code-1860-440x293.jpg 440w, https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/penal-code-1860-650x433.jpg 650w, https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/penal-code-1860.jpg 886w, https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/penal-code-1860-60x40.jpg 60w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p style=\"font-style: italic;\">&#8220;The deceased used to beat them even though they tried to persuade him to give up his addictions and improve.&#8221;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":67537,"featured_media":378686,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3,10],"tags":[2569,100745,19021,100746,39135,100747,68043,68044,100748],"class_list":["post-378679","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-casebriefs","category-highcourts","tag-Bombay_High_Court","tag-continuous-provocation","tag-culpable-homicide-not-amounting-to-murder","tag-exception-1-to-section-300-ipc","tag-grave-and-sudden-provocation","tag-hostile-witness-testimony","tag-justice-a-s-gadkari","tag-justice-shyam-c-chandak","tag-section-304-i-ipc"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v26.4 (Yoast SEO v26.4) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Bombay HC converts murder conviction to culpable homicide on 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amounting to murder under Section 304(II). The appellant\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Case Briefs&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":271084,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2022\/08\/03\/prosecution-version-helps-man-accused-of-murdering-brother-get-benefit-of-provocation-exception-sc-holds-that-accused-may-rely-on-prosecution-case-for-discharge-of-burden\/","url_meta":{"origin":378679,"position":1},"title":"Prosecution version helps man accused of murdering brother get benefit of provocation exception; SC holds that accused may rely on prosecution case for discharge of burden","author":"Prachi Bhardwaj","date":"August 3, 2022","format":false,"excerpt":"Supreme Court: In an interesting case, where a man was convicted for murder of his younger brother, the bench of Sanjiv Khanna* and Bela M. Trivedi, JJ has converted the conviction from Section 302 to Part I of Section 304 of the IPC after holding that to discharge the burden\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Case Briefs&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/Prosecution-version-helps-man-accused-of-murdering-brother-get-benefit-of-provocation-exception-Supreme-Court-holds-that-accused-may-rely-on-prosecution-case-for-discharge-of-burden.png?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/Prosecution-version-helps-man-accused-of-murdering-brother-get-benefit-of-provocation-exception-Supreme-Court-holds-that-accused-may-rely-on-prosecution-case-for-discharge-of-burden.png?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/Prosecution-version-helps-man-accused-of-murdering-brother-get-benefit-of-provocation-exception-Supreme-Court-holds-that-accused-may-rely-on-prosecution-case-for-discharge-of-burden.png?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/Prosecution-version-helps-man-accused-of-murdering-brother-get-benefit-of-provocation-exception-Supreme-Court-holds-that-accused-may-rely-on-prosecution-case-for-discharge-of-burden.png?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/Prosecution-version-helps-man-accused-of-murdering-brother-get-benefit-of-provocation-exception-Supreme-Court-holds-that-accused-may-rely-on-prosecution-case-for-discharge-of-burden.png?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":261480,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2022\/02\/11\/wife-subjected-husband-to-humiliation-by-publicly-calling-him-impotent-and-abusing-him-resulting-in-assault-by-husband\/","url_meta":{"origin":378679,"position":2},"title":"Wife subjected husband to humiliation by publicly calling him impotent and abusing him resulting in assault by husband: Husband will be convicted for murder or culpable homicide? Bom HC analyses","author":"Bhumika Indulia","date":"February 11, 2022","format":false,"excerpt":"Bombay High Court: The Division Bench of Sadhana S. Jadhav and Prithviraj K. Chavan, JJ., modified the conviction of a husband who in provocation by wife on being subjected to abuses assaulted wife. On being convicted for the offence punishable under Section 302 of the Penal Code, 1860 the appellant\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Case Briefs&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Bombay_New-logo.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Bombay_New-logo.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Bombay_New-logo.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Bombay_New-logo.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Bombay_New-logo.jpg?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":200228,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2018\/08\/17\/benefit-of-exception-4-to-section-300-ipc-denied-as-accused-acted-in-a-cruel-and-disproportionate-manner\/","url_meta":{"origin":378679,"position":3},"title":"Benefit of Exception 4 to Section 300 IPC denied as accused acted in a cruel and disproportionate manner","author":"Bhumika Indulia","date":"August 17, 2018","format":false,"excerpt":"Delhi High Court: A Division Bench comprising of S. Muralidhar and Vinod Goel, JJ., dismissed the appeal filed against the order of the trial court whereby the appellant was convicted for the offence punishable under Section 300 IPC. The appellant was accused of murdering the deceased by repeatedly stabbing him\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Case Briefs&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":351004,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2025\/06\/19\/bom-hc-upholds-husbands-life-sentence-who-put-his-wife-on-fire\/","url_meta":{"origin":378679,"position":4},"title":"Bombay HC upholds life sentence of husband for wife\u2019s death by setting her on fire; highlights cruel conduct","author":"Editor","date":"June 19, 2025","format":false,"excerpt":"The appellant latched the house from outside when his wife was inside the house and had caught fire. This clearly shows that he had prevented the children from helping their mother and saw to it that she suffered fatal burn injuries.","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Case Briefs&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Bombay High Court","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Bombay-High-Court.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Bombay-High-Court.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Bombay-High-Court.webp?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Bombay-High-Court.webp?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":275805,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2022\/10\/17\/not-planned-but-committed-in-sudden-spur-of-the-moment-bombay-high-court-reduces-father-brothers-li-to-10-years-ri-for-killing-girls-lover\/","url_meta":{"origin":378679,"position":5},"title":"&#8216;Not planned but committed in sudden spur of the moment&#8217;; Bombay High Court reduces father-brother&#8217;s LI to 10 years RI for killing girl&#8217;s lover","author":"Editor","date":"October 17, 2022","format":false,"excerpt":"\u00a0 \u00a0 Bombay High Court : In an appeal filed questioning the legality of Judgment and convicting both Appellants i.e. a father and a son, under Section 235(2) of Criminal Procedure Code (CrPC) for offence punishable under Section 302 read with 34 of Penal Code, 1860 (IPC) and sentencing both\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Case Briefs&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Bombay High Court","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Bombay-HC.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Bombay-HC.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Bombay-HC.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Bombay-HC.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Bombay-HC.jpg?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x"},"classes":[]}],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/378679","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/67537"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=378679"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/378679\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/378686"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=378679"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=378679"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=378679"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}