{"id":376912,"date":"2026-02-26T17:30:45","date_gmt":"2026-02-26T12:00:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/?p=376912"},"modified":"2026-03-03T16:25:28","modified_gmt":"2026-03-03T10:55:28","slug":"free-speech-vilify-communities-sc-ghooskhor-pandat-case","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2026\/02\/26\/free-speech-vilify-communities-sc-ghooskhor-pandat-case\/","title":{"rendered":"Free speech not a licence to vilify communities: Supreme Court Highlights Fraternity Concerns in &#8216;Ghooskhor Pandat&#8217; CASE"},"content":{"rendered":"<div style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;\">\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Disclaimer:<\/span> <span style=\"font-style: italic;\">This has been reported after the availability of the order of the Court and not on media reports, so as to give an accurate report to our readers.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Supreme Court:<\/span> While considering this petition seeking restraining of upcoming film titled &#8220;<span style=\"font-style: italic;\">Ghooskhor Pandat<\/span>&#8221;, which, as per the petitioner, creates offensive stereotyping against an identifiable community and violates their right to dignity under Article <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001574949\" target=\"_blank\">21<\/a> of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002726967\" target=\"_blank\">Constitution<\/a>, the Division Bench of B.V. Nagarathna and Ujjal Bhyan, JJ., noted that the respondents had positively responded to the grievances expressed by the petitioner before the Court via their affidavit and had decided to unequivocally withdraw the offending movie title and change it. The respondent had further assured that the withdrawn title shall not be used in any manner whatsoever.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">In a separate opinion, <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Ujjal Bhuyan, J*<\/span>., stated that this petition involved fundamental questions on <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">fraternity<\/span> and <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">free speech<\/span> and stated that it is constitutionally impermissible for anybody, be it the State or non-state actors, through any medium, such as, speeches, memes, cartoons, visual arts etc. to vilify and denigrate any community. &#8220;<span style=\"font-style: italic;\">It will be violative of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002726967\" target=\"_blank\">Constitution<\/a> to target any particular community on the basis of religion, language, caste or region by whosoever he or she may be. This is particularly true for public figures occupying high constitutional once who have taken the solemn oath to uphold the Constitution<\/span>&#8221;.<\/p>\n<h3>Background:<\/h3>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">The present writ was filed in public interest by the National Organisation Secretary of Brahman Samaj of India feeling aggrieved by a movie called &#8220;<span style=\"font-style: italic;\">Ghooskhor Pandat<\/span>&#8221; saying that the movie portrays the Brahmin community in a negative and defamatory manner which in turn may provoke disharmony between various groups of people leading to law and order problem.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">During a preliminary hearing, the Court had expressed serious concern at the attempt to show any particular community in a negative manner.<\/p>\n<h3>Court&#8217;s Assessment and Decision:<\/h3>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">Taking note of the affidavit presented by the respondent, wherein they had decided to withdraw the title &#8220;<span style=\"font-style: italic;\">Ghooskhor Pandat<\/span>&#8221;, the Court pointed out that the respondent&#8217;s decision was appropriate. &#8220;<span style=\"font-style: italic;\">We find that respondent 3 has positively responded to the grievances ventilated by the petitioner before this Court and has by a quick response realised that no purpose may be achieved by a prolonged standoff with the petitioner<\/span>&#8221;.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">Therefore, the Court deemed it fit to dispose of the petition as it did not call for further consideration.<\/p>\n<h3>Opinion by Ujjal Bhuyan, J.<\/h3>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">Taking note of the larger issue involved in the petition, Ujjal Bhuyan, J., deemed it fit to issue a separate opinion. He stated that the petition involved the following essential facets of the Constitution:<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"font-style: italic;\">Fraternity<\/h3>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">Bhuyan, J., stated that the Preamble is to promote amongst all the citizens of India fraternity, assuring the dignity of the individual and the unity and integrity of the nation. Furthermore, Article <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001575267\" target=\"_blank\">51-A(e)<\/a> of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002726967\" target=\"_blank\">Constitution<\/a> says that it shall be the duty of every citizen of India to promote harmony and the spirit of common brotherhood amongst all the people of India transcending religious, linguistic and regional or sectional diversities.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">Bhuyan, J., referred to Supreme Court&#8217;s observations in <span style=\"font-style: italic;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002775594\" target=\"_blank\">Citizenship Act, 1955<\/a>, Section <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001568781\" target=\"_blank\">6-A<\/a>, In re<\/span>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-9003018207\" target=\"_blank\">(2024) 16 SCC 105<\/a>, wherein the Court observed that the term &#8220;fraternity&#8221;, as articulated in the Preamble, embodies a sense of collective brotherhood amongst all Indians. Furthermore, referring to the Constituent Assembly debates, Bhuyan J., pointed out that Dr B.R. Ambedkar&#8217;s views highlighted the significance of adding the term &#8216;fraternity&#8217; in the Preamble is to instill a sense of shared brotherhood amongst all Indians, highlighting that it was imperative for national unity and social solidarity.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">Therefore, Bhuyan J., opined that State or non-state actors should not vilify and denigrate any community through any medium, such as, speeches, memes, cartoons, visual arts etc., as the same is constitutionally impermissible.<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"font-style: italic;\">Free Speech<\/h3>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">Bhuyan, J., pointed out that the touchstone of free speech which in India is traceable to Article <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001574926\" target=\"_blank\">19(1)(a)<\/a> of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002726967\" target=\"_blank\">Constitution<\/a>, is subject to certain restrictions provided for in Art. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001574926\" target=\"_blank\">19(2)<\/a> of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002726967\" target=\"_blank\">Constitution<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">Bhuyan, J., referred to <span style=\"font-style: italic;\">Shreya Singhal<\/span> v. <span style=\"font-style: italic;\">Union of India<\/span>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0000051223\" target=\"_blank\">(2015) 5 SCC 1<\/a>, wherein the Court had observed that when it comes to democracy, liberty of thought and expression is a cardinal value that is of paramount significance under the constitutional scheme. Further in <span style=\"font-style: italic;\">Imran Pratapgadhi<\/span> v. <span style=\"font-style: italic;\">State of Gujarat<\/span>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-9003147035\" target=\"_blank\">(2026) 1 SCC 721<\/a>, the Supreme Court had declared that one of the most important fundamental rights conferred on the citizens of India is under Article <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001574926\" target=\"_blank\">19(1)(a)<\/a> of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002726967\" target=\"_blank\">Constitution<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">Bhuyan J., further pointed out that how the Supreme Court over the years has held that the effect of the spoken or written words will have to be considered based on standards of reasonable, strong minded, firm and courageous individuals and not based on the standards of people with weak and oscillating minds. The effect of the spoken or written words cannot be judged on the basis of the standards of people who always have a sense of insecurity or of those who always perceive criticism as a threat to their power or position.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">Concluding his opinion, Bhuyan, J., reverted to <span style=\"font-style: italic;\">Imran Pratapgadhi (supra)<\/span> reiterated<span style=\"font-style: italic;\"><\/span> that the &#8220;<span style=\"font-style: italic;\">reasonable restriction provided for in Article 19(2) must remain reasonable and not fanciful and oppressive. Article 19(2) cannot be allowed to overshadow the substantive rights under Article 19(1) including the right to freedom of speech and expression<\/span>&#8221; and that &#8220;<span style=\"font-style: italic;\">the courts must not be seen to regulate or stifle the freedom of speech and expression&#8221;.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">[<span style=\"font-weight: bold; color: #632423;\">Atul Mishra v. Union of India, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink\/2EnWC78k\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2026 SCC OnLine SC 321<\/a>, decided on 19-2-2026<\/span>]<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 18pt;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000080;\">*Separate opinion by Justice Ujjal Bhuyan<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<hr\/>\n<p>Advocates who appeared in this case:<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 18pt;\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">For Petitioner(s):<\/span> Dr. Vinod Kumar Tewari, AOR Mr. Pawan Kumar Shukla, Adv. Mr. Pramod Tiwari, Adv. Mr. Vivek Tiwari, Adv. Mr. Bhoopesh Pandey, Adv. Mr. Vishwa Pati Trivedi, Adv. Ms. Priyanka Dubey, Adv. Mr. Sk Warish Ali, Adv. Mr. Manindra Dubey, Adv. Mr. Ravi Ketan, Adv. Mr. Jitesh Sharma, Adv.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 18pt;\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">For Respondent(s):<\/span> Mr. Tushar Mehta, SG Mrs. Prerna Dhall, adv. Mr. Madhav Goel, adv. Mr. Bhavan Kapoor, Adv. Mr. Amrish Kumar, AOR Mr. Neeraj Kishan Kaul, Sr. Adv. Mr. Sachin Gupta, AOR Mr. Rohit Pradhan, Adv. Ms. Surekha Srinivasan, Adv.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 18pt;\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">For Impleader(s)<\/span> Mr. Shivam Singh, Adv. Mr. J. S. Marahatta, adv. Mr. Mukesh Kumar Singh, Adv. Mr. Narendra Kumar Goyal, Adv. Mr. Kadam Hans, Adv.<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"color: #000080;\">Buy Constitution of India &nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ebcwebstore.com\/product\/the-constitution-of-india-coat-pocket-edition?products_id=100647\" target=\"_blank\">HERE<\/a><\/h3>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ebcwebstore.com\/product\/the-constitution-of-india-coat-pocket-edition?products_id=100647\" target=\"_blank\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/s3.amazonaws.com\/ebcwebstore\/images\/the-constitution-of-india-coat-pocket-edition-Gopal-Sankaranarayanan-ebc-front-cover.JPG\" alt=\"Constitution of India\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" class=\"aligncenter size-large wp-image-294438\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p style=\"font-style: italic;\">The Supreme Court emphasised that freedom of speech does not extend to vilifying communities, with Justice Ujjal Bhuyan underscoring fraternity as a constitutional value. The Court&#8217;s observations came while examining objections to the &#8216;Ghooskhor Pandat&#8217; movie title.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":376933,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3,9],"tags":[99648,73380,48716,3623,99646,99647,37644],"class_list":["post-376912","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-casebriefs","category-supremecourt","tag-brahmin-community","tag-caste-discrimination","tag-censor-board","tag-freedom_of_speech","tag-ghooskhor-pandat","tag-ghooskhor-pandat-movie-title-controversy","tag-justice-ujjal-bhuyan"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v26.4 (Yoast SEO v26.4) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Free speech not a licence to vilify communities: SC<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Supreme Court holds that free speech cannot be used to vilify communities. 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adjudication of WB SIR claims; NCERT book chapter on judiciary; Concerns over fraternity in \u2018Ghooskhor Pandat\u2019 case etc.","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Legal RoundUp&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Legal RoundUp","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/columns-for-roundup\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Supreme Court February 2026","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Supreme-Court-February-2026.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Supreme-Court-February-2026.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Supreme-Court-February-2026.webp?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Supreme-Court-February-2026.webp?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":296795,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2023\/07\/14\/justice-ujjal-bhuyan-justice-sv-bhatti-take-oath-supreme-court-judges-legal-news\/","url_meta":{"origin":376912,"position":2},"title":"Justice Ujjal Bhuyan and Justice S. Venkatanarayana Bhatti take oath as Judges of Supreme Court of India","author":"Sucheta","date":"July 14, 2023","format":false,"excerpt":"Supreme Court Collegium recommended the elevation of Justice Bhuyan and Justice Bhatti on 05-07-2023, which was cleared by the Ministry of Law and Justice within 1 week, i.e. on 12-07-2023.","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Appointments &amp; Transfers&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Appointments &amp; Transfers","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/news\/appointments\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"justice ujjal bhuyan justice sv bhatti supreme court of india","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/justice-ujjal-bhuyan-justice-sv-bhatti-supreme-court-of-india.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/justice-ujjal-bhuyan-justice-sv-bhatti-supreme-court-of-india.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/justice-ujjal-bhuyan-justice-sv-bhatti-supreme-court-of-india.webp?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/justice-ujjal-bhuyan-justice-sv-bhatti-supreme-court-of-india.webp?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":296985,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2023\/07\/17\/know-thy-judge-justice-ujjal-bhuyan-judge-of-supreme-court-of-india-career-notable-judgments\/","url_meta":{"origin":376912,"position":3},"title":"Know Thy Newly Appointed Supreme Court Judge: Justice Ujjal Bhuyan","author":"Ritu","date":"July 17, 2023","format":false,"excerpt":"On 05-07-2023, the Supreme Court Collegium had recommended the appointment of Justice Ujjal Bhuyan, Chief Justice, High Court for the State of Telangana to the Supreme Court of India. 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