{"id":374351,"date":"2026-01-31T16:30:53","date_gmt":"2026-01-31T11:00:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/?p=374351"},"modified":"2026-02-05T11:25:04","modified_gmt":"2026-02-05T05:55:04","slug":"juvenile-justice-board-child-under-twelve-absolved-of-criminal-liability","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2026\/01\/31\/juvenile-justice-board-child-under-twelve-absolved-of-criminal-liability\/","title":{"rendered":"Child below 12 cannot be held criminally liable without sufficient proof of maturity: JJB Sonipat absolves 11-year-old in murder case"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Juvenile Justice Board, Sonipat:<\/span> While hearing an inquiry under the Juvenile Justice Act, 2015<\/a> (‘JJ Act’), Vikrant, Principal Magistrate, held that a child below twelve years could not be held criminally liable under Section 302<\/a> read with Section 34<\/a> of the Penal Code, 1860<\/a> (‘IPC’). The Board emphasised that Section 83<\/a> IPC<\/a>, read with the principle of doli incapax, provides conditional immunity, and since the prosecution failed to prove sufficient maturity of understanding, the child was entitled to absolution.<\/p>\n

Background:<\/h3>\n

The case arose from the discovery of a dead body near a pond in village Madina on 16-06-2023, with multiple injuries and a blood-stained brick found nearby. Statements of family members and witnesses suggested that the deceased had earlier scolded the child and his uncle for plucking mangoes, after which threats were allegedly made. Based on disclosure statements, the child was apprehended and blood-stained clothes were recovered. The school record showed the child’s date of birth as 04-12-2011, making him 11 years 6 months and 12 days old at the time of occurrence.<\/p>\n

The prosecution contended that oral and documentary evidence was sufficient to prove the accusation and sought strict action under the JJ Act. However, counsel for the child argued that the evidence was unreliable, based on hearsay, lacked eyewitnesses, and suffered from contradictions. It was further submitted that the circumstantial evidence was vague and insufficient, entitling the child to be absolved.<\/p>\n

Analysis and Decision<\/h3>\n

The Board emphasised that Section 3(i)<\/a> of the JJ Act<\/a> provides that a child shall be presumed innocent of any mala fide or criminal intent up to the age of 18 years, and when read with Sections 82<\/a> and 83<\/a> IPC<\/a>, it makes clear that the presumption of doli incapax has to be in favour of child innocence. Similar to the case of a child below 7 years, it has to be presumed that a child between 7 and 12 years has not attained sufficient maturity of understanding to judge the nature and consequences of his conduct.<\/p>\n

The Board noted that while the presumption under Section 82<\/a> IPC<\/a> is absolute, in cases of children between 7 and 12 years the prosecution may rebut this presumption by producing facts and circumstances showing sufficient maturity. It was emphasised that the law assumes a lack of maturity, placing the onus on the prosecution to prove otherwise, since the philosophy behind this immunity is in consonance with Section 3(i)<\/a> of the JJ Act<\/a>, which aims at protecting children from the full force of criminal law.<\/p>\n

The Board highlighted that in the present case, no interview was carried out during investigation or inquiry, no psychological assessment was conducted, and no effort was made to find out the mental capability of child in conflict with law. The Board considered that the Social Investigation Report (‘SIR’) showed the child was not involved in any unsocial or undisciplined activities and held that filing the final report without psychological assessment was a fatal lapse, entitling the child to be absolved.<\/p>\n

The Board further noted that the investigating officer failed to record statements of independent witnesses present at the spot, and that inconsistencies between testimonies weakened the prosecution case. It was observed that the prosecution did not explain why fingerprints were not matched when the blood-stained brick was sent for forensic examination, and no conclusive opinion was given as the material had disintegrated.<\/p>\n

The Board highlighted that the evidence did not prove the accusation beyond reasonable doubt since the chain of circumstances was inconsistent, testimonies of material witnesses were contradictory, and the conduct of star witnesses was suspicious and unnatural. It was also observed that no forensic evidence linked the child with the seized material or the dead body.<\/p>\n

Accordingly, the Board absolved the child of the accusation, discharged bail\/surety bonds, directed disposal of case property as per rules, and ordered destruction of the record under Section 24<\/a> JJ Act<\/a>. The Board also directed preparation of an Individual Care Plan (‘ICP’) as per rules.<\/p>\n

The inquiry was accordingly disposed of.<\/p>\n

[State of Haryana v. S, 2026 SCC OnLine Dis Crt (Haryana) 1<\/a>, decided on 17-01-2026<\/span>]<\/p>\n\n

Advocates who appeared in this case:<\/p>\n

For the State:<\/span> Kavita, Ld. APP<\/p>\n

Buy Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act, 2015   HERE<\/a><\/h3>\n

\"juvenile<\/a><\/p>\n

Buy Penal Code, 1860   HERE<\/a><\/h3>\n

\"penal<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

“No interview was carried out during investigation or inquiry, no psychological assessment was conducted, and no effort was made to find out the mental capability of child in conflict with law”<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":67537,"featured_media":374352,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3,4721],"tags":[97868,26894,3228,97867,42127,73416,97869,35106,29587,97865,97866],"class_list":["post-374351","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-casebriefs","category-district-court","tag-absolution","tag-benefit-of-doubt","tag-burden_of_proof","tag-child-under-twelve","tag-criminal-liability","tag-doli-incapax","tag-individual-care-plan","tag-juvenile-justice-board","tag-presumption-of-innocence","tag-principal-magistrate-vikrant","tag-section-83-ipc"],"yoast_head":"\nJJB absolves Child under twelve of criminal liability | SCC Times<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Juvenile Justice Board holds that a child under twelve cannot be held criminally liable; 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In the present case, petitioners concerned were not adults when\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Case Briefs"","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/Bombay-HC.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/Bombay-HC.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/Bombay-HC.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/Bombay-HC.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/Bombay-HC.jpg?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":322346,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2024\/05\/17\/3-month-period-completion-preliminary-assessment-juvenile-justice-act-not-mandatory-supreme-court\/","url_meta":{"origin":374351,"position":2},"title":"Is 3-month period for completion of preliminary assessment under Juvenile Justice Act mandatory? Supreme Court answers","author":"Apoorva","date":"May 17, 2024","format":false,"excerpt":"\u201cThe words \u2018Children\u2019s Court\u2019 and \u2018Court of Sessions\u2019 in JJ Act, 2015 and the Rules thereunder were directed to be read interchangeably. Primarily jurisdiction vests in the Children\u2019s Court. However, without the constitution of such Children\u2019s Court in the district, the power to be exercised under the Act is vested\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Case Briefs"","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"preliminary assessment","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/preliminary-assessment.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/preliminary-assessment.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/preliminary-assessment.webp?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/preliminary-assessment.webp?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":295835,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2023\/07\/03\/inquiry-under-section-15-jj-act-2015-conducted-transparent-matter-bombay-high-court\/","url_meta":{"origin":374351,"position":3},"title":"[Section 15 of JJ Act] Inquiry for trying a juvenile as an adult must be conducted in a transparent and fair manner: Bombay High Court","author":"Ridhi","date":"July 3, 2023","format":false,"excerpt":"Bombay High Court explained that trying a child below 18 years before Juvenile Justice Board is a rule and trying a child above 16 years as an adult before Regular Court is an exception.","rel":"","context":"In "Case Briefs"","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"bombay high court","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/bombay-high-court.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/bombay-high-court.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/bombay-high-court.webp?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/bombay-high-court.webp?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":216717,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2019\/07\/11\/del-hc-s-191-of-jj-act-held-mandatory-however-non-compliance-by-childrens-court-held-curable-irregularity\/","url_meta":{"origin":374351,"position":4},"title":"Del HC | S. 19(1) of JJ Act held mandatory; however, non-compliance by Children’s Court held curable irregularity","author":"Bhumika Indulia","date":"July 11, 2019","format":false,"excerpt":"Delhi High Court:\u00a0Sanjeev Sachdeva, J. declined to quash criminal proceedings pending against the petitioner even while holding that Section 19(1) of the Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act, 2015 was a mandatory provision and the Children's Court did not comply with the same. The petitioner was alleged to\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Case Briefs"","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":250889,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2021\/07\/07\/right-of-hearing\/","url_meta":{"origin":374351,"position":5},"title":"Raj HC | Is Juvenile Justice Act totally foreign to the concept of \u201cright of hearing\u201d given to the complainant\/CICL in bail applications? Court examines","author":"Editor","date":"July 7, 2021","format":false,"excerpt":"Rajasthan High Court: Sandeep Mehta, J., allowed the revision application, granted bail and set aside the impugned orders. The facts of the case are such that the petitioner has a child \u2018X\u2019 son who is a young boy of less than 16 years in conflict with law and been confined\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Case Briefs"","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]}],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/374351","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/67537"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=374351"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/374351\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/374352"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=374351"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=374351"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=374351"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}