{"id":371945,"date":"2026-01-07T15:30:00","date_gmt":"2026-01-07T10:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/?p=371945"},"modified":"2026-01-13T10:27:03","modified_gmt":"2026-01-13T04:57:03","slug":"madras-hc-fresh-not-frozen-deceptively-similar-fresh-n-frozen","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2026\/01\/07\/madras-hc-fresh-not-frozen-deceptively-similar-fresh-n-frozen\/","title":{"rendered":"Madras HC finds &#8220;Fresh Not Frozen&#8221; deceptively similar to &#8220;Fresh N Frozen&#8221;; Upholds rejection of trademark application"},"content":{"rendered":"<div style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;\">\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Madras High Court:<\/span> While hearing an appeal filed under the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002776236\" target=\"_blank\">Trade Marks Act, 1999<\/a> (&#8216;Trade Marks Act&#8217;), against the order of the Registrar of Trade Marks rejecting the application for registration of the mark &#8220;Fresh Not Frozen,&#8221; a Single Judge Bench of <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">N. Anand Venkatesh<\/span> held that &#8220;Fresh Not Frozen&#8221; is deceptively similar to the registered mark &#8220;Fresh N Frozen&#8221; and likely to mislead consumers. The Court accordingly upheld the Registrar&#8217;s refusal and dismissed the appeal, while clarifying that liberty remained for the applicant to submit a fresh application for a different, unobjectionable mark.<\/p>\n<h3>Background:<\/h3>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">The appeal was filed under Section <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001563747\" target=\"_blank\">91<\/a> of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002776236\" target=\"_blank\">Trade Marks Act, 1999<\/a>, challenging the order dated 26-04-2019 of the Registrar of Trade Marks, Chennai, which rejected the application for registration of the mark &#8220;Fresh Not Frozen&#8221; in class 35. The applicant had adopted this mark in connection with online retail store services featuring vegetarian and non-vegetarian items, processed and unprocessed foodstuffs, fruits, vegetables, and grains, and claimed continuous and uninterrupted use since 22-03-2016.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">The Registry raised objections under Sections <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001563745\" target=\"_blank\">9(1)(a)<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001563745\" target=\"_blank\">9(1)(b)<\/a>, and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001563602\" target=\"_blank\">11(1)<\/a> of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002776236\" target=\"_blank\">the Act<\/a>. Although a reply was filed on 09032018, the application was ultimately refused. In response, the applicant contended that the mark was in no way deceptively similar to the registered mark &#8220;Fresh N Frozen.&#8221; It was argued that the existing mark was a word mark used for goods and wholesale\/retail outlets engaged in the distribution, trading, and marketing of chicken, mutton, fish, semi-cooked and cooked food, confectionery, juice, and soft drinks. The applicant further submitted that &#8220;Fresh Not Frozen&#8221; was a general term and, in fact, diametrically opposite to &#8220;Fresh N Frozen.&#8221;<\/p>\n<h3>Analysis and Decision:<\/h3>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">The Court emphasised that there was already a registered trademark &#8220;Fresh N Frozen&#8221; in class 35, and the applicant sought registration of &#8220;Fresh Not Frozen&#8221; for similar products in the same class. The Court noted that the application had been rejected on the ground that the mark sought was deceptively similar to the registered valid mark in respect of identical services.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">The Court highlighted that in deciding deceptive similarity, factors such as the nature of the marks, the degree of resemblance phonetically or ideally, the nature of goods, similarity in character and performance of goods, the class of purchasers and their degree of care, the mode of purchasing, and surrounding circumstances must be considered.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">On a cursory look at the two marks, the Court observed that the mark sought was certainly deceptively similar. The Court emphasised that it is not what meaning is being assigned by the words chosen by the appellant, but the determining factor is whether it is deceptively similar. The Court further noted that the class of customers, with their reasonable mental faculty, would certainly be misled on a first look, since the only letters added were &#8220;OT&#8221; and every other word in the registered mark was present in the applicant&#8217;s mark.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">The Court further observed that the decision of the Registrar was clearly objectionable under Sections <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001563745\" target=\"_blank\">9<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001563602\" target=\"_blank\">11<\/a> of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002776236\" target=\"_blank\">Trade Marks Act<\/a> and could not be interfered with. However, the Court clarified that liberty remained for the applicant to submit a fresh application for a different, unobjectionable trademark, which would be considered on its own merits.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">Accordingly, the appeal was dismissed with the observation that the rejection was solely on the ground of deceptive similarity with an already registered trademark.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">[<span style=\"font-weight: bold; color: #632423;\">Freshtohome Foods (P) Ltd. v. Registrar, Trade Mark (Chennai), <a href=\"http:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink\/K3kw5yCa\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2025 SCC OnLine Mad 14740<\/a>, decided on 18-12-2025<\/span>]<\/p>\n<hr\/>\n<p>Advocates who appeared in this case:<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 18pt;\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">For the Appellant:<\/span> P. Magesh<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 18pt;\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">For the Respondent:<\/span> G. Ilangovan<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p style=\"font-style: italic;\">&#8220;It is not what meaning is being assigned by the words chosen by the appellant, but the determining factor is whether it is deceptively similar.&#8221;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":67537,"featured_media":371953,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3,10],"tags":[36595,96389,96388,61617,2567,83607,96390,70517],"class_list":["post-371945","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-casebriefs","category-highcourts","tag-deceptive-similarity","tag-fresh-n-frozen","tag-fresh-not-frozen","tag-justice-n-anand-venkatesh","tag-Madras_High_Court","tag-section-11-trade-marks-act","tag-section-9-trade-marks-act","tag-trademark-rejection"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v26.4 (Yoast SEO v26.4) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Madras HC: &quot;Fresh Not Frozen&quot; 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Madras HC directs removal of infringing &#8216;THINBOOK&#8217; Mark","author":"Apoorva","date":"December 17, 2024","format":false,"excerpt":"Lenovo has satisfied the requirements of Section 57 of the Trade Marks Act for cancelling RPD Workstations trade mark 'THINBOOK'.","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Case Briefs&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"madras high court","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/madras-high-court.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/madras-high-court.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/madras-high-court.webp?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/madras-high-court.webp?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":376098,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2026\/02\/19\/mad-hc-procedural-lapse-not-ground-for-abandoning-modern-kitchens-trade-mark\/","url_meta":{"origin":371945,"position":1},"title":"Madras HC: Procedural irregularity in affidavit filing doesn&#8217;t justify abandonment of Modern Kitchens&#8217; trade mark application by Registrar","author":"Soumya Yadav","date":"February 19, 2026","format":false,"excerpt":"\u201cProcedural provisions should not be interpreted with rigidity to the extent of defeating the substantive rights vested in the parties.\u201d","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Case Briefs&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Modern Kitchens' trade mark","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Modern-Kitchens-trade-mark.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Modern-Kitchens-trade-mark.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Modern-Kitchens-trade-mark.webp?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Modern-Kitchens-trade-mark.webp?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":374224,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2026\/01\/30\/madras-hc-rejects-vicks-vaporub-deceptive-similarity-vaporin\/","url_meta":{"origin":371945,"position":2},"title":"&#8216;Vapo&#8217; is descriptive and publici juris: Madras High Court rejects Vicks Vaporub&#8217;s claim of deceptive similarity with VAPORIN","author":"Soumya Yadav","date":"January 30, 2026","format":false,"excerpt":"\u201cThe term VAPO is merely an abbreviation of the word vapour and it is descriptive and common to the trade and nobody can claim exclusive right to use any abbreviation, which has become publici juris.\u201d","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Case Briefs&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Vicks Vaporub claim","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Vicks-Vaporub-claim.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Vicks-Vaporub-claim.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Vicks-Vaporub-claim.webp?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Vicks-Vaporub-claim.webp?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":309047,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2023\/12\/12\/madras-high-court-directs-registrar-notify-mark-royal-enfield-register-well-known-marks\/","url_meta":{"origin":371945,"position":3},"title":"[Trade mark infringement] Madras High Court directs Registrar to notify the mark \u2018Royal Enfield\u2019 in register of well-known marks","author":"Apoorva","date":"December 12, 2023","format":false,"excerpt":"Madras High Court said that in respect of the motorcycle industry, the trade mark \u2018Royal Enfield\u2019 is well-known, not only in India, but also in abroad. Their annual reports also prove that their turnover runs into several hundreds of crores of rupees and they have carved a niche for themselves\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Case Briefs&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"madras high court","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/madras-high-court.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/madras-high-court.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/madras-high-court.webp?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/madras-high-court.webp?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":325977,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2024\/07\/07\/top-intellectual-property-cases-june-2024-legal-news\/","url_meta":{"origin":371945,"position":4},"title":"Intellectual Property Rights | A quick view of top Intellectual Property cases in June 2024","author":"Editor","date":"July 7, 2024","format":false,"excerpt":"A quick recap of Intellectual Property cases passed by the High Courts in the month of June 2024 along with some top stories on Domino\u2019s, Infosys Trademark Infringement, Patent for Portable Vehicle Management System and much more.","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Legal RoundUp&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Legal RoundUp","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/columns-for-roundup\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Intellectual Property cases Roundup June 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the name of spouse: Madras High Court grants permanent injunction","author":"Apoorva","date":"July 10, 2023","format":false,"excerpt":"Madras High Court has also granted the plaintiff a decree for permanent injunction restraining the defendant from committing passing off of its restaurant business by using deceptively similar trade mark.","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Case Briefs&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"madras high court","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/madras-high-court.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/madras-high-court.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/madras-high-court.webp?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, 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