{"id":370316,"date":"2025-12-19T16:30:59","date_gmt":"2025-12-19T11:00:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/?p=370316"},"modified":"2025-12-25T10:09:34","modified_gmt":"2025-12-25T04:39:34","slug":"raj-hc-sc-st-act-caste-abuse-to-occur-in-public-view-1994-conviction-set-aside","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2025\/12\/19\/raj-hc-sc-st-act-caste-abuse-to-occur-in-public-view-1994-conviction-set-aside\/","title":{"rendered":"&#8220;It was not committed at a place within public view&#8221;: Rajasthan High Court sets aside 1994&#8217;s conviction for caste abuse"},"content":{"rendered":"<div style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;\">\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Disclaimer:<\/span> <span style=\"font-style: italic;\">This has been reported after the availability of the order of the Court and not on media reports so as to give an accurate report to our readers.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Rajasthan High Court:<\/span> In an appeal filed by the appellant seeking reversal of Trial Court&#8217;s finding whereby he was convicted and sentenced under Section <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001551147\" target=\"_blank\">3 (1)(x)<\/a> of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002828505\" target=\"_blank\">Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes (Prevention of Atrocities) Act, 1989<\/a> (&#8216;SC\/ST Act&#8217;) and Section <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001561632\" target=\"_blank\">323<\/a> of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002726960\" target=\"_blank\">Penal Code<\/a> 1860 (&#8216;IPC&#8217;), a Single Judge Bench of <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Farjand Ali<\/span>, J., reiterated that the textual and purposive interpretation of Section <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001551147\" target=\"_blank\">3(1)(x)<\/a> of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002828505\" target=\"_blank\">SC\/ST Act<\/a> mandated that the alleged act should occur at a place &#8220;within public view&#8221;.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">Accordingly, the Court set aside the said order.<\/p>\n<h3>Background<\/h3>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">In August 1991, a report was lodged by the complainant, alleging that he was intentionally insulted, intimidated, and physically assaulted by the accused who referred to his caste. It stated that he had purchased a motorcycle from the appellant&#8217;s showroom on loan which was financed by Bajaj Auto Finance Company Ltd. and had admittedly defaulted in repayment of the monthly instalments, with several cheques issued by him being dishonored. Consequent to such default, the appellant demanded clearance of outstanding dues.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">During this period, the motorcycle met with an accident and was brought to the appellant&#8217;s showroom for repairs. The repair work was duly carried out, and the cost thereof was assessed at approximately Rs. 10,000. When the complainant went to collect the vehicle, he allegedly offered payment through a demand draft which was refused by the appellant, who instead insisted upon payment in cash or by cheque. It was further alleged that during this interaction, the appellant insulted the complainant by referring to his caste and physically pushed him out of the showroom.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">Following investigation, a charge-sheet was filed for offences under Section <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001561632\" target=\"_blank\">323<\/a> of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002726960\" target=\"_blank\">IPC<\/a> and Section <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001551147\" target=\"_blank\">3(1)(x)<\/a> of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002828505\" target=\"_blank\">SC\/ST Act<\/a>. Upon culmination of trial, the Special Judge convicted the accused, aggrieved by which he approached the High Court.<\/p>\n<h3>Analysis and Decision<\/h3>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">The Court noted that the dispute between the parties was purely contractual and commercial in nature, namely that of seller and customer. Further, the Court stated that the prosecution&#8217;s case that the complainant attempted to tender payment by way of a demand draft was conspicuously unsupported by any reliable evidence as not a single document, whether the alleged demand draft, a bank receipt, or any contemporaneous record demonstrating its preparation, was produced during the trial.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">The Court further stated that had such a demand draft genuinely been prepared, its existence would have been easily demonstrable by producing the draft itself or at least some banking record. The absence of any such proof created a serious lacuna in the prosecution case and substantially undermined the credibility of the complainant&#8217;s version, reinforcing the defense plea that the dispute arose purely on account of non-payment.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">The Court stated that equally infirm was prosecution&#8217;s allegation of physical assault as no medical evidence whatsoever was adduced to corroborate the claim that the complainant was slapped or sustained any injury. After examining the site map, the Court stated that it clearly depicted that the alleged incident occurred entirely within the enclosed and private precincts of the appellant&#8217;s showroom.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">Thus, the Court held that the alleged act could not be said to have been committed at a place within public view which is why the essential ingredients of Section <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001551147\" target=\"_blank\">3(1)(x)<\/a> of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002828505\" target=\"_blank\">SC\/ST Act<\/a> were not satisfied, rendering the said provision inapplicable. The Court stated that &#8220;<span style=\"font-style: italic;\">The essence and legislative utility of this provision lie in curbing caste-based humiliation and indignity inflicted upon members of Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes in the public domain, where such acts not only demean the individual but also reinforce social oppression by public display.&#8221;<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">The Court reiterated that the textual and purposive interpretation of Section <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001551147\" target=\"_blank\">3(1)(x)<\/a> of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002828505\" target=\"_blank\">SC\/ST Act<\/a> mandated that the alleged act should occur at a place &#8220;within public view&#8221;, a locus so situated or exposed that the conduct in question would be capable of being observed, perceived or witnessed by members of the general public. In the present case, the incident was averred to have transpired within close precincts, specifically within the four corners of the walls of the shop premises. This description denoted a spatially confined and enclosed environment, shielded from casual public access and observation. Such an enclave, locked within the four walls of a private commercial establishment, fell squarely outside the ambit of a public vista. It lacked outward exposure which the legislative provision contemplated as an essential element for Section 3(1)(x) to apply.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">The Court further observed that even if the complainant&#8217;s version were to be accepted at face value, the confinement of the alleged act to a private and enclosed space rendered Section 3(1)(x) of the Act stood inapplicable. The absence of independent public witnesses and the lack of any material indicating public visibility of the alleged incident constituted a fatal defect in the prosecution case.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">Thus, the Court stated that the cumulative effect of the absence of proof regarding payment by demand draft, the lack of medical corroboration for the alleged assault, and the failure to establish the essential ingredients of the offence under Section 3(1)(x) of the Act clearly demonstrated that the prosecution had not proved its case beyond reasonable doubt. Therefore, the conviction recorded by the Trial Court could not be sustained.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">Hence, the Court allowed the appeal and set aside the Special Judge&#8217;s order.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">[<span style=\"font-weight: bold; color: #632423;\">Brij Mohan v. State of Rajasthan, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink\/40G14ta7\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2025 SCC OnLine Raj 6594<\/a>, decided on 5-12-2025<\/span>]<\/p>\n<hr\/>\n<p>Advocates who appeared in this case:<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 18pt;\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">For the Appellant:<\/span> Rajiv Bishnoi<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 18pt;\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">For the Respondent:<\/span> Rajesh Bhati, Ravindra Bhati AGA and Anjali Kaushik<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p style=\"font-style: italic;\">&#8220;The incident is averred to have transpired within close precincts, specifically within the four corners of the walls of the shop premises. This description denotes a spatially confined and enclosed environment, shielded from casual public access and observation.&#8221;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":67011,"featured_media":370320,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3,10],"tags":[90462,51389,67351,95288,75306,2575,29912,95286,64354,95287],"class_list":["post-370316","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-casebriefs","category-highcourts","tag-caste-abuse","tag-ipc-1860","tag-justice-farjand-ali","tag-obcs-and-minorities","tag-public-view","tag-Rajasthan_High_Court","tag-sc-st-act","tag-scs","tag-statutory-mandate","tag-sts"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v26.4 (Yoast SEO v26.4) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Raj HC reiterates SC\/ST Act&#039;s 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Neech, Bhikhari, Mangani are not caste-based slurs\u2019; Rajasthan High Court set asides charges under SC\/ST Act","author":"Ritu","date":"November 16, 2024","format":false,"excerpt":"\u201cThe words used were not caste name nor there is allegation that the petitioners were known to the caste of the public servants, who had gone to remove the encroachments.\u201d","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Case Briefs&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Rajasthan High Court","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Rajasthan-High-Court.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Rajasthan-High-Court.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Rajasthan-High-Court.webp?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, 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Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"anticipatory bail SC ST act","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/anticipatory-bail-SC-ST-act.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/anticipatory-bail-SC-ST-act.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/anticipatory-bail-SC-ST-act.webp?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/anticipatory-bail-SC-ST-act.webp?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 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R. Shah* and A.S. Bopanna, JJ., held that a person belonging to Scheduled Caste of one State and being an ordinarily and permanent resident of that State, cannot claim benefit of a Scheduled Caste in another State for the purpose of purchase\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Case Briefs&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Merely-because-the-same-caste-is-recognized-as-Scheduled-Caste-in-the-migrant-State-a-migrant-cannot-be-recognized-as-Scheduled-Caste-of-that-State-SC-1.png?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Merely-because-the-same-caste-is-recognized-as-Scheduled-Caste-in-the-migrant-State-a-migrant-cannot-be-recognized-as-Scheduled-Caste-of-that-State-SC-1.png?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Merely-because-the-same-caste-is-recognized-as-Scheduled-Caste-in-the-migrant-State-a-migrant-cannot-be-recognized-as-Scheduled-Caste-of-that-State-SC-1.png?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Merely-because-the-same-caste-is-recognized-as-Scheduled-Caste-in-the-migrant-State-a-migrant-cannot-be-recognized-as-Scheduled-Caste-of-that-State-SC-1.png?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Merely-because-the-same-caste-is-recognized-as-Scheduled-Caste-in-the-migrant-State-a-migrant-cannot-be-recognized-as-Scheduled-Caste-of-that-State-SC-1.png?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":362873,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2025\/10\/07\/patna-high-court-villagers-assembled-caste-abuse-taking-place-in-public-view-sc-st-act\/","url_meta":{"origin":370316,"position":3},"title":"Patna High Court: FIR noting \u2018villagers assembled\u2019 satisfies caste abuse taking place in public view","author":"Editor","date":"October 7, 2025","format":false,"excerpt":"The victim after her marriage was being taunted for belonging to a particular community (Scheduled Caste).","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Case Briefs&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"caste abuse taking place in public view","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/caste-abuse-taking-place-in-public-view.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/caste-abuse-taking-place-in-public-view.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/caste-abuse-taking-place-in-public-view.webp?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/caste-abuse-taking-place-in-public-view.webp?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":238605,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2020\/11\/05\/casteism-is-obstruction-abuse-by-upper-caste-person-due-to-property-dispute-an-offence-under-sc-st-act-not-in-all-cases-says-sc\/","url_meta":{"origin":370316,"position":4},"title":"Is obstruction &#038; abuse by upper caste person due to property dispute an offence under SC\/ST Act? 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Nageswara Rao, Hemant Gupta* and Ajay Rastogi, JJ has held that no offence under Section 3(1)(r)\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Case Briefs&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/Supreme-Court_Colour.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/Supreme-Court_Colour.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/Supreme-Court_Colour.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/Supreme-Court_Colour.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/Supreme-Court_Colour.jpg?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":378755,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2026\/03\/18\/bombay-hc-sets-aside-16-year-old-case-against-lawyer\/","url_meta":{"origin":370316,"position":5},"title":"Bombay HC sets aside 16-year-old case against lawyer, rules allegations fail to meet IPC and SC\/ST Atrocities Act requirements","author":"Soumya Yadav","date":"March 18, 2026","format":false,"excerpt":"\u201cTo attract Section 3(1)(r), Atrocities Act, the FIR or material on record needed to show that the petitioner intentionally insulted or intimidated the respondent and that he did so with the intent to humiliate the respondent at a place within public view.\u201d","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Case Briefs&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"16-year-old case against lawyer","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/16-year-old-case-against-lawyer.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/16-year-old-case-against-lawyer.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/16-year-old-case-against-lawyer.webp?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/16-year-old-case-against-lawyer.webp?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x"},"classes":[]}],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/370316","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/67011"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=370316"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/370316\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/370320"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=370316"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=370316"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=370316"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}