{"id":369342,"date":"2025-12-09T18:00:32","date_gmt":"2025-12-09T12:30:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/?p=369342"},"modified":"2025-12-10T15:11:52","modified_gmt":"2025-12-10T09:41:52","slug":"fourth-iba-india-litigation-adr-symposium-emerging-intellectual-property-artificial-intelligence-issues","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2025\/12\/09\/fourth-iba-india-litigation-adr-symposium-emerging-intellectual-property-artificial-intelligence-issues\/","title":{"rendered":"Fourth IBA India Litigation and ADR Symposium (Day 2): Spotlight on Emerging Intellectual Property and AI Issues"},"content":{"rendered":"<div style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;\">\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">Day 2, Session 3 of the Fourth IBA India Litigation and ADR Symposium turned towards the rapidly evolving interface between intellectual property (IP) and artificial intelligence (AI), with a particular focus on liability, training data, personality rights and global litigation trends.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">The session on <span style=\"font-style: italic;\">&#8220;Emerging issues in intellectual property and artificial intelligence&#8221;<\/span> was moderated by <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Ms. Swathi Sukumar<\/span>, Senior Advocate, New Delhi. The panel comprised <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Mr. Chander M. Lall<\/span>, Designated Senior Advocate; <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Mr. Pravin Anand<\/span>, Managing Partner, Anand and Anand, New Delhi; <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\"> Justice Amit Bansal<\/span>, Judge, Delhi High Court; <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Ms. Shwetasree Majumder<\/span>, Managing Partner, Fidus Law Chambers, New Delhi; <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Dr. Vivek Mittal<\/span>, Executive Director &#8212; Legal and Corporate Affairs, Hindustan Unilever Limited; and <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Mr. Amit Sibal<\/span>, Senior Advocate, New Delhi.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%; text-align: center;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/SESSION-3-1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"450\"\/><\/p>\n<h3>Mr. Chander M. Lall: AI as creator and consumer -an existential test for IP<\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Mr. Chander M. Lall<\/span> began by explaining why AI has become such a dominant subject in legal discourse. Citing public statements by global technology leaders who have described AI as more impactful than <span style=\"font-style: italic;\">&#8220;fire, electricity or the internet&#8221;<\/span> and, conversely, as potentially <span style=\"font-style: italic;\">&#8220;more dangerous than nukes&#8221;<\/span>, he remarked that it is clearly not a passing fad and will profoundly transform how societies function. He then connected this technological disruption to the <span style=\"font-style: italic;\">core rationale<\/span> of intellectual property. IP laws, he noted, were historically conceived to <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">encourage human creativity<\/span>:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"list-style-type: disc;\">\n<li>\n<p>inventors receive time-bound exclusivity for patents;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>authors and artists are granted copyright protection for their works; and<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">the underlying bargain is disclosure in exchange for limited exclusivity.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%; text-align: center;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/SESSION-3-2.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"450\" height=\"600\"\/><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">Against this backdrop, he posed a central question: if <span style=\"font-style: italic;\">machines<\/span> become the primary creators, does extending IP protection to AI-generated works still serve the goal of incentivising<span style=\"font-weight: bold;\"> creativity<\/span>, and if not, what happens to a system where entire national GDPs and corporate valuations are now heavily IP-driven?<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">Mr. Lall then turned to comparative developments on AI authorship. Referring to the well-known <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">DABUS<\/span> litigation spearheaded by Dr. Stephen Thaler, he explained that courts and patent offices in the United States, United Kingdom, European Patent Office and Australia have consistently refused to accept an AI system as an &#8220;inventor&#8221;, insisting on human inventorship as a precondition for protection. At the same time, some Chinese decisions have treated AI as analogous to sophisticated tools like cameras or computers &#8211; <span style=\"font-style: italic;\">&#8220;a tool which assists in creativity&#8221;<\/span> -and have accepted that works generated using AI can still attract protection where human involvement remains central.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">From <span style=\"font-style: italic;\">creator<\/span> to <span style=\"font-style: italic;\">consumer<\/span>, he underscored that AI is also <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">&#8220;the biggest consumer of content ever created&#8221;<\/span>. Modern models, he explained, are trained by scraping enormous quantities of text, images and sound from the internet -a process he likened to digitisation enabling computers to &#8220;read&#8221; and now &#8220;understand&#8221; books that were once only in physical form. Once scraped, that content is stored, vectorised and tokenised; models then regurgitate outputs based on this internal representation.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">He illustrated the practical stakes through the <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">ANI v. OpenAI<\/span> litigation pending before the Delhi High Court, in which news content is alleged to have been scraped, processed and then used to generate competing outputs. Rights-holders argue that even &#8220;transient&#8221; training copies can be infringing and that outputs reproducing lyrics or text <span style=\"font-style: italic;\">verbatim<\/span> are clearly unlawful. Model developers, by contrast, assert that their systems transform inputs through tokenisation and statistical learning and that the outputs are therefore <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">transformative rather than literal<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p>He concluded by suggesting that the immediate future is likely to see:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"list-style-type: disc;\">\n<li>\n<p>a <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">licensing-heavy model<\/span> where rights-holders monetise training uses;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>growing reliance on <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">opt-out mechanisms<\/span> to block web crawlers; and<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">continued debate on <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">fair use versus fair dealing<\/span>, especially in jurisdictions like India and the UK with narrower, closed-ended exceptions.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Ms. Shwetasree Majumder: Getty Images, global litigation and data provenance<\/h3>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">Picking up from <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Mr. Lall&#8217;s<\/span> remarks, <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Ms. Shwetasree Majumder<\/span> examined how foreign courts have begun to structure legal responses to AI training and outputs.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">She described the recent <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Getty Images v. Stability AI<\/span> judgment of the UK High Court as <span style=\"font-style: italic;\">&#8220;the first comprehensive decision&#8221;<\/span> squarely engaging with training data, scraping and model outputs. <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Getty Images<\/span>, a major licensor of professional photographs, alleged that <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Stability AI<\/span> had scraped millions of its images to train the <span style=\"font-style: italic;\">Stable Diffusion<\/span> model. Getty&#8217;s position, she explained, was straightforward: if a human had copied those images to build a competing business, it would plainly be unlawful; an AI developer should not be treated differently merely because the copying is automated.<\/p>\n<p>In response, Stability AI argued that:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"list-style-type: disc;\">\n<li>\n<p>the model does not store images in a human-recognisable form;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>it learns <span style=\"font-style: italic;\">mathematical patterns<\/span> from vast datasets; and<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\"><span style=\"font-style: italic;\">&#8220;no copies are stored inside the model&#8221;<\/span>, so training is not equivalent to human-style reproduction.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">The UK court, she noted, went into unusual depth on <span style=\"font-style: italic;\">both<\/span> the technological and legal aspects -analysing how training pipelines function, what intermediate copies are made and how outputs are generated. For practitioners, the key message is that courts will not accept generic characterisations of AI systems and will instead scrutinise training practices and datasets.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">Turning to the <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">United States<\/span>, Ms. Majumder highlighted a trend towards <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">evidence-led scrutiny.<\/span> She stated that courts are increasingly asking where training data came from, whether developers knew it might be infringing, and what measures were adopted to police that risk. Discovery orders now often seek internal logs and documentation rather than relying solely on public statements about model design.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">On the Indian position, she recalled that India does <span style=\"font-style: italic;\">not<\/span> have an open-ended &#8220;fair use&#8221; defence; instead, the Copyright Act adopts a <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">closed list of fair dealing exceptions<\/span> and places strong emphasis on protection of <span style=\"font-style: italic;\">expression rather than ideas<\/span>. She emphasised that going forward, <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">&#8220;lawful acquisition of data and robust transparency obligations&#8221;<\/span> are likely to become central pillars of compliance for any AI system operating across multiple jurisdictions.<\/p>\n<h3>Mr. Pravin Anand: Rethinking &#8220;intelligence&#8221; and future-proofing IP concepts<\/h3>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Ms. Sukumar<\/span> next invited <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Mr. Pravin Anand<\/span> to reflect on how AI challenges the very concept of &#8220;intelligence&#8221; that underpins IP frameworks.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%; text-align: center;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/SESSION-3-3.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"450\" height=\"600\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Mr. Anand<\/span> began by recalling his long association with the IBA and explained that he would confine himself to a few conceptual points. He stated that any serious engagement with AI and IP must first examine:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"list-style-type: disc;\">\n<li>\n<p><span style=\"font-style: italic;\">what intelligence means in a broader sense<\/span>;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>how human intelligence compares with that of animals and even plants; and<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">where AI currently sits along this spectrum.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">He mentioned that he had identified around fifteen characteristics of human intelligence -including learning, communication, logic, prediction, creativity and perhaps emotion -and then mapped which of these appear in plants, animals and AI systems. While AI already exhibits several traits such as learning and predictive capability, he noted that attributes like <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">emotion and consciousness<\/span> remain more contested.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">Referring to the widely publicised conversations between a Google engineer and the <span style=\"font-style: italic;\">LaMDA<\/span> model, he explained how the engineer claimed the system appeared &#8220;angered&#8221; when pushed to comment on religion, and &#8220;fearful&#8221; when discussion turned to being switched off. Mr. Anand suggested that this anecdoteillustrates how quickly the debate has moved from mere functionality to questions of <span style=\"font-style: italic;\">sentience<\/span> and <span style=\"font-style: italic;\">consciousness<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">He then posed a deeper question: if biological life itself emerges from arrangements of atoms and molecules, <span style=\"font-style: italic;\">can numbers and code -which underlie AI -ever acquire something analogous to consciousness?<\/span> If so, IP law may eventually have to confront whether it can continue to treat AI simply as a tool, or whether concepts like authorship, infringement and moral rights need to be revisited in light of these developments.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">In his closing remarks, Mr Anand observed that any future doctrinal evolution must be grounded in a realistic understanding of AI&#8217;s capabilities, rather than in either uncritical optimism or blanket scepticism.<\/p>\n<h3>Dr. Vivek Mittal: Corporate governance, prompts and practical risk management<\/h3>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Ms. Sukumar<\/span> then invited <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Dr. Vivek Mittal<\/span> to share how companies operationally manage AI-generated content.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Dr. Mittal<\/span> highlighted several practical themes:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"list-style-type: disc;\">\n<li>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Shift from agencies to tools:<\/span> Where companies once relied on external creative agencies for advertising, branding and content, they are increasingly turning to AI tools. The focus, he remarked, is less on how the engine works and more on whether <span style=\"font-style: italic;\">the output is legally safe<\/span>. If an output is demonstrably non-infringing and responsibly vetted, in-house teams tend to be comfortable using it.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Tool selection and training data:<\/span> Many organisations, he explained, now ask whether AI models are trained on <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">their own data<\/span>, publicly available neutral data, or potentially on competitors&#8217; confidential material. Internal policy debates therefore revolve around <span style=\"font-style: italic;\">which tools may be used, for what purposes, and under what governance controls<\/span>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Explosion of digital assets:<\/span> Dr. Mittal noted that digital creatives which might once have cost 10,000 USD to produce can now be generated at a fraction of that amount, leading to an <span style=\"font-style: italic;\">exponential increase<\/span> in the number of assets generated for campaigns. This, he stressed, creates new compliance burdens: <span style=\"font-style: italic;\">&#8220;If you are not checking whether the output infringes, you are not being responsible.&#8221;<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Prompts as potential &#8220;secret formulas&#8221;:<\/span> He posed a thought-provoking question on whether carefully engineered prompts might themselves deserve protection, since a unique prompt can drive a characteristic output. From a corporate vantage point, he suggested, <span style=\"font-style: italic;\">protecting prompts from being copied may be as critical as protecting the outputs themselves<\/span>, likening them to a &#8220;Coke-style secret recipe&#8221;.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>He also referred to broader ethical and sectoral concerns such as whether consumers and regulators would accept a life-saving drug where AI played a major role in discovery and emphasised that many companies are gravitating towards a cautious internal principle:<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%; margin-left: 36pt; font-style: italic;\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">&#8220;AI tools should primarily be used for productivity, not to replace human creativity and control&#8221;.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3>Justice Amit Bansal: AI, personality rights and digital dignity<\/h3>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">Finally, <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Ms. Sukumar<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">invited Justice Amit Bansal<\/span>, sitting Judge, Delhi High Court, to speak on AI and personality rights. <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Justice Bansal<\/span> described personality rights as a <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">&#8220;complex navigation of the intersection of identity, technology and law&#8221;<\/span>. He observed that although there is no dedicated Indian statute on personality rights, the number of cases has <span style=\"font-style: italic;\">&#8220;multiplied&#8221;<\/span> in recent years, and courts are increasingly called upon to balance innovation against infringement.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%; text-align: center;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/SESSION-3-4.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"450\" height=\"600\"\/><\/p>\n<p>He structured his presentation in three parts:<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: bold;\">1. Facets of personality rights<\/p>\n<p>Justice Bansal identified four principal facets:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"list-style-type: disc;\">\n<li>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Privacy:<\/span> the <span style=\"font-style: italic;\">&#8220;right of being left alone&#8221;<\/span>, concerned with preventing unwanted intrusion rather than securing revenue.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Commercial exploitation:<\/span> protection against <span style=\"font-style: italic;\">&#8220;theft of personality&#8221;<\/span>, where the goodwill and reputation carefully built by a celebrity are used without consent to sell products or services.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Control over persona:<\/span> an individual&#8217;s right to decide how they are projected -including voice, walk, expressions and catchphrases -and to prevent unauthorised imitation of these elements.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Defamation and wrongful association:<\/span> instances where a personality is linked with an activity or product they do not endorse, causing serious reputational harm, illustrated by a case where a leading cricketer&#8217;s name and image were used to promote a gaming application without authorisation.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">He distinguished between <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">&#8220;pure&#8221; personality rights<\/span> (such as name, voice and signature) and <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">&#8220;hybrid&#8221; rights<\/span> that evolve over time, like iconic film dialogues or character traits which become inseparably associated with an actor.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: bold;\">2. Jurisprudential basis in India<\/p>\n<p>Moving to the second part, he traced how Indian courts have progressively recognised personality rights through common law doctrines<\/p>\n<ul style=\"list-style-type: disc;\">\n<li>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">He also briefly contrasted approaches in the <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">United States<\/span> (where personality rights can be inheritable and assignable) and the <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">United Kingdom<\/span> (where protection flows largely from passing off and breach of confidence), noting that Indian courts have increasingly focused on the <span style=\"font-style: italic;\">commercial value<\/span> of celebrity persona.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"font-weight: bold;\">3. Emerging trends in the AI era<\/p>\n<p>In the third part, Justice Bansal turned to emerging disputes involving AI tools, identifying typical patterns:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"list-style-type: disc;\">\n<li>\n<p>AI-generated <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">deepfakes<\/span> involving celebrity faces in false or obscene contexts;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">fake endorsements<\/span> using cloned voices and images;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>manipulated videos and &#8220;face swap&#8221; content; and<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">voice-cloning tools that allow any lyrics to be rendered in the distinctive voice of a famous singer.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">He observed that these cases increasingly extend beyond film stars and cricketers to <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">financial advisors, digital content creators and journalists<\/span>, where the misuse of persona can mislead the public into following false investment tips or purchasing dubious products, thereby creating a public-interest dimension to enforcement.<\/p>\n<p>On <span style=\"font-style: italic;\">remedies<\/span>, he explained that while traditional measures like injunctions, <span style=\"font-style: italic;\">John Doe<\/span> orders, damages and delivery-up remain important, the digital environment has pushed courts to innovate with:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"list-style-type: disc;\">\n<li>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">takedown and blocking orders<\/span> directed at intermediaries, given the difficulty of identifying primary infringers;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>orders mandating <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">disclosure of registrant details<\/span> from platforms; and<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">dynamic injunctions<\/span>, under which once a particular infringing use is identified, future mirror or derivative content may be taken down by intermediaries without requiring the plaintiff to return to court each time.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>He also pointed to unresolved issues likely to occupy courts in coming years, including:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"list-style-type: disc;\">\n<li>\n<p>whether monopolising generic dictionary words or common phrases, merely because a celebrity speaks them in a distinctive way, is permissible;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>how to deal with the <span style=\"font-style: italic;\">&#8220;sound-alike&#8221; paradox<\/span>, where a person is naturally born with a voice similar to a celebrity; and<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">the persistent challenge of distinguishing <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">parody from infringement<\/span> in an era of sophisticated AI manipulation.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">In concluding reflections, Justice Bansal remarked that beyond personality rights, the legal system will need to deepen its understanding of <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">how to control and align AI systems<\/span> -including preventing biased or harmful outputs, addressing deepfakes and contemplating international rules for autonomous weapons and other existential applications.<\/p>\n<h3>Closing observations: open questions on AI &#8220;speech&#8221; and electronic evidence<\/h3>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%; text-align: center;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/SESSION-3-5.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"450\" height=\"600\"\/><\/p>\n<p>Bringing the discussion together, <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Ms. Sukumar<\/span> flagged two broader open questions for future debate:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"list-style-type: disc;\">\n<li>\n<p>whether <span style=\"font-style: italic;\">freedom of speech<\/span> is and should remain <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">exclusively a human attribute<\/span>, or whether AI-generated content raises independent speech considerations; and<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">how courts should <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">evaluate electronic evidence<\/span> in a world where sophisticated AI tools can fabricate audio-visual material, while procedural rules still rely heavily on certificates of authenticity and assumptions about reliability of digital records.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">She observed that these evidentiary questions go to the root of both civil and criminal adjudication and will likely require updated guidelines and technical standards.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p style=\"font-style: italic;\"> The session explored how artificial intelligence is reshaping intellectual property law, from data-scraping and authorship debates to personality rights and deepfake misuse. The discussion underscored the need for clearer safeguards, transparency obligations and balanced governance frameworks as AI accelerates real-world disputes.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":67011,"featured_media":369345,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[42903,2],"tags":[94455,59343,83073,3226,30105,94456,93624,94460,94458,93626,94309,93625,94310,94292,27643,52923,94457,94459,3740,29577],"class_list":["post-369342","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-events-and-webinars","category-news","tag-ai-and-arbitration","tag-amiable-compositeur","tag-arb-med-arb","tag-arbitration","tag-artificial-intelligence","tag-changes-in-arbitration","tag-fourth-iba-india-litigation-and-adr-symposium","tag-hybrid-adr-procedures","tag-hybrid-arbitration","tag-iba-adr-conference-2025","tag-iba-arbitration-committee","tag-iba-india-litigation-adr-symposium-2025","tag-iba-litigation-committee","tag-india-working-group-of-the-iba-asia-pacific-regional-forum","tag-intellectual-property","tag-international-bar-association","tag-landscape","tag-med-arb","tag-mediation","tag-third-party-funding"],"yoast_head":"<!-- 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