{"id":368428,"date":"2025-12-02T14:30:03","date_gmt":"2025-12-02T09:00:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/?p=368428"},"modified":"2025-12-02T14:37:48","modified_gmt":"2025-12-02T09:07:48","slug":"supreme-court-grant-of-bail-on-parity-as-sole-ground-2025-judgment-criminal-law","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2025\/12\/02\/supreme-court-grant-of-bail-on-parity-as-sole-ground-2025-judgment-criminal-law\/","title":{"rendered":"Parity cannot be the sole ground for bail: Supreme Court emphasises Role Differentiation among Co-Accused"},"content":{"rendered":"<style>\n.animate-charcter{background-image: linear-gradient(-225deg, #231557 0%, #44107a 29%, #ff1361 67%, #fff800 100%); background-size: 200% auto; -webkit-background-clip: text; -webkit-text-fill-color: transparent; animation: textclip 0s linear infinite;}\n@keyframes textclip {to {background-position: 200% center;}}\n<\/style>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;\">\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Supreme Court:<\/span> In a case where the Court was called upon to decide whether parity with co-accused can be the sole ground for granting bail, the bench of <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Sanjay Karol<\/span> and N. Kotiswar Singh, JJ., held that <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">parity with co-accused cannot be the sole ground for granting bail<\/span>, especially in cases involving serious offences. The Court made clear that bail orders must consider the gravity of the offence, the accused&#8217;s role, potential risk to justice, and other relevant factors.<\/p>\n<h3>Background of the case<\/h3>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">In the case at hand, the appellant-complainant&#8217;s father was shot dead by accused &#8216;A&#8217; during a verbal spat that escalated into a violent encounter. The co-accused &#8216;R&#8217; allegedly instigated the accused to shoot, while co-accused &#8216;S&#8217;, &#8216;P&#8217; and others were part of the mob.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">Co-accused R&#8217;s bail applications were rejected twice by the Additional Sessions Judge due to the presence of ante mortem injuries resulting in, more particularly, the gunshot wound and two lacerated wounds. It was observed that the nature of the crime of which the accused had been charged is serious and, in these circumstances, bail had to be rejected.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">The Allahabad High Court, however, granted bail to co-accused &#8216;R&#8217; and &#8216;P&#8217;, primarily on parity with co-accused &#8216;S&#8217;, who had been granted bail earlier, citing no criminal history and no likelihood of fleeing.<\/p>\n<h3>Supreme Court on &#8216;Parity&#8217; as sole ground for granting bail<\/h3>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">The Supreme Court reiterated that <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">bail is the rule, and jail, the exception<\/span>, it cannot be granted indiscriminately, without due regard to the circumstances involved in the alleged offence for which the accused person has been arrested.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">The Court observed that, in the case at hand, the High Court appeared to have erroneously granted bail to the accused-respondent on the sole ground of parity which it has misunderstood as a tool of direct application as opposed to parity being focused on the role played by the accused and not the thread of the same offence being the only common factor between the accused persons.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">Referring to numerous judgments, the Court observed that <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">they all spoke in one voice that parity is not the sole ground on which bail can be granted.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>Explaining further, the Court said that the word &#8216;parity&#8217; is defined by the Cambridge Dictionary as &#8220;equality, especially of pay or position.&#8221; Hence, <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">when weighing an application on parity, it is &#8216;position&#8217; that is the clincher<\/span>. It explained that,<\/p>\n<p class=\"animate-charcter\" style=\"margin-left: 36pt; margin-bottom: 3%;\">&#8220;The requirement of &#8216;position&#8217; is not met only by involvement in the same offence. Position means what the person whose application is being weighed, his position in crime, i.e., his role etc. There can be different roles played &#8211; someone part of a large group, intending to intimidate; an instigator of violence; someone who throws hands at the other side, instigated by such words spoken by another, someone who fired a weapon or swung a machete &#8211; parity of these people will be with those who have performed similar acts, and not with someone who was part of the group to intimidate the other by the sheer size of the gathering, with another who attempted to hack away at the opposer&#8217;s limbs with a weapon.&#8221;<\/p>\n<h3>Supreme Court on &#8216;different roles played by co-accused&#8217; in case at hand<\/h3>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">The Court noted that in the case at hand, &#8216;<\/span>R&#8217; was granted bail solely on parity with his father, &#8216;S&#8217;, without considering the <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">gravity of the offence<\/span> or his <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">role as instigator<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">The Court observed that &#8216;R&#8217; asked the accused &#8216;A&#8217; to shoot the deceased while &#8216;S&#8217; was a member of the mob yielding a weapon, as per the FIR. It was observed that <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">the roles of these two people at the time of the shooting of the deceased cannot be said to be the same, even though they may be holding a common intention of causing harm to the other side.<\/span> Hence, consideration of bail, on parity, was found to be misplaced. The Court, hence, set aside High Court&#8217;s bail order directed &#8216;R&#8217; to surrender within 2 weeks.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">Regarding P&#8217;s bail, the Court noted that the same was granted <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">without assigning any reasons<\/span>, violating principles of natural justice. Hence, the said bail order was also set aside and the case was remanded to the High Court for fresh consideration with proper reasoning considering role, gravity, and all relevant factors.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">[<span style=\"font-weight: bold; color: #632423;\">Sagar v. State of U.P., <a href=\"http:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink\/eZqrMyD7\" target=\"_blank\">2025 SCC OnLine SC 2584<\/a>, decided on 28-11-2025<\/span>]<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 18pt;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000080;\">Judgment Authored by Justice Sanjay Karol<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<hr\/>\n<p>Advocates who appeared in this case:<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 18pt;\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Amicus Curiae:<\/span> Ms. Priyanka Singh<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 18pt;\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">For Appellant(s):<\/span> Mr. Anshul Sharma, Adv., Mr. Krishan Kumar, Adv., Ms. Sakshi Chahar, Adv., Mr. Devesh Maurya, Adv., Mr. Sukhamrit Singh, Adv., Ms. Geetha Rani, Adv., Mr. Praveen Swarup, AOR<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 18pt;\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">For Respondent(s):<\/span> Dr. Vijendra Singh, AOR, Mr. Vikas Bansal, Adv., Ms. Apurva Singh, Adv.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p style=\"font-style: italic;\">The Court explained that when weighing an application on parity, it is &#8216;position&#8217; of the accused in crime, i.e., his role, that is the clincher.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":121,"featured_media":368434,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3,9],"tags":[2822,93877,6711,49632,71871,55015,93879,93878,5363],"class_list":["post-368428","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-casebriefs","category-supremecourt","tag-Allahabad_High_Court","tag-bail-jurisprudence","tag-criminal-law","tag-grounds-for-bail","tag-justice-n-kotiswar-singh","tag-justice-sanjay-karol","tag-parity-as-sole-ground-for-bail","tag-parity-with-co-accuses","tag-supreme-court"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v26.4 (Yoast SEO v26.4) - 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Applicant is the cousin brother of the deceased. FIR was lodged against the applicant and his parents with\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Case Briefs&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Allahabad High Court","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/allahabad_high_court.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/allahabad_high_court.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/allahabad_high_court.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/allahabad_high_court.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/allahabad_high_court.jpg?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":254784,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2021\/09\/28\/bail-man-with-serious-allegations-against-him-cannot-claim-parity-with-a-woman-jailed-with-an-infant-supreme-court\/","url_meta":{"origin":368428,"position":1},"title":"Bail| Man with serious allegations against him cannot claim parity with a woman jailed with an infant: Supreme Court","author":"Prachi Bhardwaj","date":"September 28, 2021","format":false,"excerpt":"Supreme Court: In a case where a man was allegedly murdered by his wife and colleague, the bench of Dr. DY Chandrachud* and BV Nagarathna, JJ has refused to grant bail to the colleague on the ground that he cannot claim parity with the co-accused, i.e. the wife of the\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Case Briefs&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/MicrosoftTeams-image-7-1.png?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/MicrosoftTeams-image-7-1.png?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/MicrosoftTeams-image-7-1.png?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/MicrosoftTeams-image-7-1.png?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/MicrosoftTeams-image-7-1.png?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":247806,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2021\/05\/01\/consent-of-parties-cannot-obviate-the-duty-of-the-high-court-to-indicate-its-reasons-supreme-court-explains-the-law-on-bail\/","url_meta":{"origin":368428,"position":2},"title":"\u201cConsent of parties cannot obviate the duty of the High Court to indicate its reasons\u201d; Supreme Court explains the law on Bail","author":"Editor","date":"May 1, 2021","format":false,"excerpt":"Supreme Court: The Division Bench of Dr. Dhananjaya Y. Chandrachud* and M. R. Shah, JJ., pronounced an important judgment which came out to be a significant development regarding law relating to bail. The Bench not only criticized the practice of lower Courts of attaching caveat for not treating the decision\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Case Briefs&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/sc-3-3.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/sc-3-3.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/sc-3-3.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/sc-3-3.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/sc-3-3.jpg?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":236710,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2020\/10\/03\/j-court-allows-bail-application\/","url_meta":{"origin":368428,"position":3},"title":"J&#038;K HC | Parity cannot be the sole ground for granting bail, however, desirability of consistency may; Court allows bail application","author":"Editor","date":"October 3, 2020","format":false,"excerpt":"Jammu and Kashmir High Court: Javed Iqbal Wani, J., while allowing the instant bail application, made significant observations pertaining with conditions to bail. Brief Facts The applicant as submitted in his application affirms that, he was falsely implicated in the said FIR and arrested in the month of June, 2019.\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Case Briefs&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":369023,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2025\/12\/06\/bombay-hc-grants-bail-to-bhima-koregaon-accused-hany-babu-scc-times\/","url_meta":{"origin":368428,"position":4},"title":"Bombay High Court grants bail to Bhima Koregaon accused Hany Babu after prolonged incarceration of 5 years","author":"Ritu","date":"December 6, 2025","format":false,"excerpt":"\u201cProlonged incarceration without trial amounts to infringement of right of an accused enshrined under Article 21 of the Constitution of India.\u201d","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Case Briefs&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Bhima Koregaon","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Bhima-Koregaon.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Bhima-Koregaon.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Bhima-Koregaon.webp?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Bhima-Koregaon.webp?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":267949,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2022\/06\/04\/allahabad-high-court-bail-history-sheeter-parity-cancellation-of-bail-supreme-court-judgment-legal-updates-research-news\/","url_meta":{"origin":368428,"position":5},"title":"Allahabad HC grants bail to a history sheeter only on the basis of parity; prompts SC to lay down illustrative circumstances for cancellation of bail","author":"Prachi Bhardwaj","date":"June 4, 2022","format":false,"excerpt":"Supreme Court: In a murder case where the Allahabad High Court had granted bail to the main accused only on the basis of parity, the 3-judge bench of \u00a0NV Ramana, Krishna Murari* and Hima Kohli, JJ has cancelled the bail after observing that the High Court should have taken into\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Case Briefs&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Allahabad-High-Court-grants-bail-to-a-history-sheeter-only-on-the-basis-of-parity-prompts-Supreme-Court-to-lay-down-illustrative-circumstances-for-cancellation-of-bail.png?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Allahabad-High-Court-grants-bail-to-a-history-sheeter-only-on-the-basis-of-parity-prompts-Supreme-Court-to-lay-down-illustrative-circumstances-for-cancellation-of-bail.png?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Allahabad-High-Court-grants-bail-to-a-history-sheeter-only-on-the-basis-of-parity-prompts-Supreme-Court-to-lay-down-illustrative-circumstances-for-cancellation-of-bail.png?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Allahabad-High-Court-grants-bail-to-a-history-sheeter-only-on-the-basis-of-parity-prompts-Supreme-Court-to-lay-down-illustrative-circumstances-for-cancellation-of-bail.png?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Allahabad-High-Court-grants-bail-to-a-history-sheeter-only-on-the-basis-of-parity-prompts-Supreme-Court-to-lay-down-illustrative-circumstances-for-cancellation-of-bail.png?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x"},"classes":[]}],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/368428","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/121"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=368428"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/368428\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":368436,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/368428\/revisions\/368436"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/368434"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=368428"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=368428"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=368428"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}