{"id":366581,"date":"2025-11-13T14:30:17","date_gmt":"2025-11-13T09:00:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/?p=366581"},"modified":"2025-11-17T10:04:05","modified_gmt":"2025-11-17T04:34:05","slug":"rejection-plaint-application-of-mind-non-disclosure-of-cause-of-action-jk-hc","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2025\/11\/13\/rejection-plaint-application-of-mind-non-disclosure-of-cause-of-action-jk-hc\/","title":{"rendered":"\u2018Rejection of Plaint requires attentive application of mind, not routine action\u2019: J&K & Ladakh HC upholds Trial Court order for Non-Disclosure of Cause of Action"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Jammu & Kashmir and Ladakh HC:<\/span> In an appeal filed by the appellant (originally ‘plaintiff’), he had challenged the Trial Court’s order rejecting the plaint at the threshold under Order VII Rule 11<\/a> of the Civil Procedure Code, 1908<\/a> (‘CPC’), when he had instituted a suit for declaration concerning a residential property. A Single Judge Bench of Rahul Bharti<\/span>, J., upheld the Trial Court’s decision, concluding that the plaint failed to establish the plaintiff’s right to sue for the reliefs claimed as it did not mention the facts giving rise to the cause of action and as to how the plaintiff was to be reckoned as a claimant.<\/p>\n

Background:<\/h3>\n

The dispute arose over a house located at Talab Tillo, Jammu. The plaintiff filed a suit for declaration and had named four persons as contesting defendants and two persons as proforma defendants. He challenged several documents including gift deeds and powers of attorney. The suit also sought mandatory injunction directing Defendant 4 to restore the possession to the plaintiff and to transfer the title in the plaintiff’s name as wished by the proforma defendants.<\/p>\n

The Trial Court, by an order dated 02-08-2021, rejected the suit invoking Order VII Rule 11<\/a> CPC<\/a>, stating that the plaintiff did not plead and show as to how the suit property was legally related to him so as to earn him a right to sue for seeking declaration and reliefs therewith.<\/p>\n

Analysis and Decision:<\/h3>\n

The Court examined the plaint to determine whether the plaintiff had the legal status quo the suit property to earn a right to sue with respect to the documents being assailed in the suit and thereby seek restoration of possession from Defendant 4. The Court noted that the plaint did not mention how the plaintiff was to be reckoned as the owner or claimant of the suit property. Instead, he relied on purported connections of the property to his father and deceased uncle.<\/p>\n

The Court relied on Raj Narain Sarin<\/span> v. Laxmi Devi<\/span>, (2002) 10 SCC 501<\/span><\/a>, wherein the Supreme Court held that the Civil Courts should be hesitant to exercise jurisdiction under Order VII Rule 11<\/a> CPC<\/a> unless the factual score warrants such an exercise and the matter in issue falls within the four corners of the requirement of the statute and for this, necessary averments in the plaint ought to be considered.<\/p>\n

The Court opined that if a plaint is missing the facts constituting a cause of action, it is liable to be rejected either on the Court’s own indulgence or on asking of a defendant. However, if the facts put up in the plaint are introducing a cause of action, then a Civil Court has no discretion to reject such a plaint by borrowing outside reference from the defendant’s end to discredit the plaint and the factual averments made in the written statement.<\/p>\n

The Court opined that rejection of a plaint in terms of Order VII Rule 11<\/a> CPC<\/a> is a matter of very attentive application of mind rather than routine following of motion on the part of a Civil Court. The essence of institution of a civil suit is seeking a decree by a plaintiff aiming for conclusive determination of the rights of the parties and such conclusive determination can take place only when a suit is to get its adjudication on the issues of fact and law framed in a civil suit and not before that. The Court observed that the rejection of a plaint is a sort of digression of that nature of adjudication of a civil suit, and such a digression is not to be served to a civil suit unless and until a plaint is self-inviting the same for its rejection.<\/p>\n

The Court also relied on Dahiben<\/span> v. Arvindbhai Kalyanji Bhanusali<\/span>, (2020) 7 SCC 366<\/span><\/a>, wherein the Supreme Court held that Order VII Rule 11<\/a> CPC<\/a> is an independent and special remedy empowering Courts to summarily dismiss suits at the threshold without proceeding to record evidence and conducting a trial, if it is satisfied that the action should be terminated on any of the grounds contained in the said rule.<\/p>\n

The Court further opined that the essence of an application under Order VII Rule 11<\/a> CPC<\/a> to terminate a civil action or to put an end to a litigation is an essential duty of a Civil Court so that further judicial time is not invested wastefully. However, this power is of an abortive nature vis-à-vis a civil suit and is reckoned to be a drastic power for which the conditions envisaged in the said provision are required to be strictly adhered to in case of non-disclosure of a cause of action. Based on the above analysis, the Court agreed with the Trial Court’s order whereby it had rejected the suit, and consequently dismissed the present appeal.<\/p>\n

[Sunil Singh v. Krishan Lal Gupta, 2025 SCC OnLine J&K 1092<\/a>, decided on 08-11-2025<\/span>]<\/p>\n\n

Advocates who appeared in this case:<\/p>\n

For the Plaintiff:<\/span> Arvind Bandral, Advocate.<\/p>\n

For the Defendants:<\/span> Kuldeep Singh Parihar, Advocate.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

“The essence of an application under Order VII Rule 11 CPC to terminate a civil action or to put an end to a litigation is an essential duty of a Civil Court so that further judicial time is not invested wastefully.”<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":67011,"featured_media":366597,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3,10],"tags":[12171,46667,73394,92566,22434,22424],"class_list":["post-366581","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-casebriefs","category-highcourts","tag-cause-of-action","tag-jammu-and-kashmir-and-ladakh-high-court","tag-justice-rahul-bharti","tag-non-disclosure-of-cause-of-action","tag-order-vii-rule-11-cpc","tag-rejection-of-plaint"],"yoast_head":"\nRejection of Plaint requires attentive application of mind: J&K HC | SCC Times<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"J&K HC emphasized that rejection of a plaint demands attentive judicial application of mind. 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The appellant had brought a suit against the respondent for recovery of a certain amount. The\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Case Briefs"","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":315631,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2024\/02\/29\/calcutta-high-court-upholds-rejection-of-order-vii-rule-11-cpc-application-scc-times-legal-news-research\/","url_meta":{"origin":366581,"position":1},"title":"Calcutta High Court upholds rejection of Order VII Rule 11 CPC application despite disclosure of Cause of Action through \u2018clever drafting\u2019","author":"Ritu","date":"February 29, 2024","format":false,"excerpt":"Calcutta High Court stated that \u201cOrder VII, Rule 11 is applicable to the plaint which does not disclose cause of action and not the cases where the plea is non-existence of cause of action.\u201d","rel":"","context":"In "Case Briefs"","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Calcutta High Court","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Calcutta-High-Court.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Calcutta-High-Court.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Calcutta-High-Court.webp?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Calcutta-High-Court.webp?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":270722,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2022\/07\/27\/when-can-courts-dispense-off-with-the-requirement-of-notice-u-s-80-cpc-jk-and-ladakh-hc-elucidate\/","url_meta":{"origin":366581,"position":2},"title":"When can Courts dispense off with the requirement of notice u\/s. 80, CPC? J&K and Ladakh HC elucidate","author":"Editor","date":"July 27, 2022","format":false,"excerpt":"Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh High Court: While deciding the instant appeal wherein substantial questions of law were raised vis-a-vis SectionS 80, CPC; the Single Judge Bench of Vinod Chatterji Koul, J., held that the language of Section 80 is very clear in stating that at the time of filing\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Case Briefs"","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Jammu & Kashmir and Ladakh High Court","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/JK-HC.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/JK-HC.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/JK-HC.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/JK-HC.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/JK-HC.jpg?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":218666,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2019\/08\/27\/mp-hc-plaint-filed-under-or-7-r-11-cpc-can-be-rejected-based-on-grounds-mentioned-in-rule-11-or-if-the-cause-of-action-has-not-been-disclosed\/","url_meta":{"origin":366581,"position":3},"title":"MP HC | Plaint filed under Or. 7 R. 11 CPC can be rejected based on grounds mentioned in Rule 11 or if the cause of action has not been disclosed","author":"Bhumika Indulia","date":"August 27, 2019","format":false,"excerpt":"Madhya Pradesh High Court: Prakash Shrivastava, J., dismissed the revision petition filed by the respondents under Section 115 CPC where they challenged the order of the Trial Court, whereby their application for rejection of plaint under Order 7 Rule 11 CPC was rejected. The respondents had filed the suit for\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Case Briefs"","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":254662,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2021\/09\/24\/law-on-rejection-of-plaint-under-order-vii-rule-11-of-cpc-as-explained-by-the-supreme-court\/","url_meta":{"origin":366581,"position":4},"title":"Law on rejection of plaint under\u00a0Order\u00a0VII\u00a0Rule\u00a011\u00a0of\u00a0CPC as explained by the Supreme Court","author":"Prachi Bhardwaj","date":"September 24, 2021","format":false,"excerpt":"Supreme Court: The bench of L. Nageswara Rao and BR Gavai*, JJ has lucidly explained the law on rejection of plaints under\u00a0Order\u00a0VII\u00a0Rule\u00a011\u00a0of\u00a0CPC for want of cause of action and has held that in each the question that will have to be considered is as to whether the reliefs as claimed\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Case Briefs"","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/sc-2-7.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/sc-2-7.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/sc-2-7.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/sc-2-7.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/sc-2-7.jpg?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":306269,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2023\/11\/03\/part-rejection-of-plaint-impermissible-under-order-7-rule-11-cpc-supreme-court\/","url_meta":{"origin":366581,"position":5},"title":"Part rejection of plaint impermissible under Order VII Rule 11 of CPC: Supreme Court","author":"Ridhi","date":"November 3, 2023","format":false,"excerpt":"\u201cThe approach adopted by the High Court is incorrect and contrary to the well-entrenched principles of considering an application under Order VII Rule 11 of CPC.\u201d","rel":"","context":"In "Case Briefs"","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Part rejection of plaint","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/Part-rejection-of-plaint.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/Part-rejection-of-plaint.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/Part-rejection-of-plaint.webp?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/Part-rejection-of-plaint.webp?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x"},"classes":[]}],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/366581","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/67011"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=366581"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/366581\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/366597"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=366581"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=366581"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=366581"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}