{"id":366458,"date":"2025-11-12T16:00:41","date_gmt":"2025-11-12T10:30:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/?p=366458"},"modified":"2025-11-17T09:54:30","modified_gmt":"2025-11-17T04:24:30","slug":"complainants-notice-when-accused-dropped-from-fir-ker-hc","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2025\/11\/12\/complainants-notice-when-accused-dropped-from-fir-ker-hc\/","title":{"rendered":"Complainants or legal heirs must be informed when accused dropped from FIR during investigation: Kerala HC"},"content":{"rendered":"<div style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;\">\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Kerala High Court:<\/span> A Single Judge Bench of <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Jobin Sebastian<\/span>, J. has directed the State Police Chief to issue instructions to Investigating Authorities to give notices to de facto complainants or their legal heirs whenever an accused in the FIR is removed from the list of accused during the course of an investigation. The ruling came while dismissing the writ appeal filed by the appellant against judgment dated 29-09-2025 wherein a writ petition filed to seek further investigation in a case under Sections <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001561403\" target=\"_blank\">143<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001561407\" target=\"_blank\">147<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001561408\" target=\"_blank\">148<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001561654\" target=\"_blank\">341<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001561635\" target=\"_blank\">326<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001561614\" target=\"_blank\">307<\/a> read with Section <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001561409\" target=\"_blank\">149<\/a> of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002726960\" target=\"_blank\">Penal Code, 1860<\/a> (&#8216;IPC&#8217;), was dismissed.<\/p>\n<h3>Background:<\/h3>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">The appellant was the daughter of the injured in an incident of 2019. In the FIR, she had named the assailants who were known to the injured, but some of them were exonerated by the police and were omitted from the array of the accused in the final report without any justifiable reason. She submitted that the investigation was conducted in a perfunctory and improper manner, ending in a final report which exonerated some of the principal assailants who had actively participated in the offence. The police allegedly failed to properly investigate the role of the son born in the first marriage of the injured, who actively took part in the commission of the offence, though not mentioned in the FIR. She contended that the final report was filed in such a manner so as to facilitate the actual assailants to escape from the clutches of law.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">She had filed a writ petition seeking directions to conduct further investigation into the said crime. The case is presently pending on the file of the Additional Sessions Court, Tirur, and therefore, she urged that the Single Judge&#8217;s order dismissing the writ petition seeking further investigation was liable to be interfered with.<\/p>\n<h3>Analysis and Decision:<\/h3>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">The Court noted that the investigation of the said case was completed, and the case was presently at the stage of trial. The Court observed that during the trial, the appellant, being a witness, could adduce evidence regarding all the persons who had participated in the commission of the offence. If the Trial Court was satisfied that any person, other than those already arrayed as accused, had also taken part, the Court was empowered to proceed against such persons in accordance with Section <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-9001804081\" target=\"_blank\">358<\/a> of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-9001804327\" target=\"_blank\">Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023<\/a> (&#8216;BNSS&#8217;). The Court held that in such circumstances, direction for further investigation was not warranted.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">The Court also noted that the Investigating Authorities had not issued any notice to the de facto complainant or his legal heirs, informing them of the removal of an accused named in the FIR from the list of accused in the final report. The Court observed that although it was not applicable in the present case, such inaction on the part of the Investigating Authorities would cause prejudice to the de facto complainant since he would lose an opportunity to take remedial action against such removal. Therefore, the Court directed the State Police Chief to issue necessary instructions to the Investigating Authorities to promptly issue notices to the de facto complainants or their legal heirs whenever a person named as an accused in the FIR is removed from the list of accused during an investigation.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">Accordingly, the Court dismissed the writ appeal finding no reason to interfere with the decision of the Single Judge.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">[<span style=\"font-weight: bold; color: #632423;\">Shareena v. State of Kerala, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink\/xI5Y6MXf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2025 SCC OnLine Ker 12067<\/a>, decided on 06-11-2025<\/span>]<\/p>\n<hr\/>\n<p>Advocates who appeared in this case:<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 18pt;\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">For the Appellant:<\/span> Abdul Khader Kunju S., A. Al Fayad, Advocates.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 18pt;\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">For the Respondents:<\/span> K.A. Anas, Government Pleader.<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"color: #000080;\">Buy Penal Code, 1860 &nbsp; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ebcwebstore.com\/product_info.php?products_id=1158\" target=\"_blank\">HERE<\/a><\/h3>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ebcwebstore.com\/product_info.php?products_id=1158\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/penal-code-1860-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"penal code, 1860\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" class=\"aligncenter size-large wp-image-294601\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/penal-code-1860-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/penal-code-1860-768x511.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/penal-code-1860-440x293.jpg 440w, https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/penal-code-1860-650x433.jpg 650w, https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/penal-code-1860.jpg 886w, https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/penal-code-1860-60x40.jpg 60w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p style=\"font-style: italic;\">&#8220;If the Investigating Authorities did not inform before dropping an accused from the FIR, it would cause prejudice to the de facto complainant since he would lose an opportunity to take remedial action against such removal.&#8221;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":67011,"featured_media":366463,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3,10],"tags":[92494,33093,51318,86092,2523,3659,92493],"class_list":["post-366458","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-casebriefs","category-highcourts","tag-de-facto-complainants","tag-further-investigation","tag-indian-penal-code-1860","tag-justice-jobin-sebastian","tag-Kerala_High_Court","tag-notice","tag-section-358-bharatiya-nagarik-suraksha-sanhita-2023"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v26.4 (Yoast SEO v26.4) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Ker HC on notices to complainants when accused dropped from FIR | SCC Times<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Kerala High Court directs 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HC grants conditional bail to Film Director in casting couch allegations as investigation already crossed crucial stage","author":"Sunaina","date":"January 4, 2026","format":false,"excerpt":"\u201cPrima facie case of \u2018casting couch\u2019 practices, which must be dealt with a heavy hand. Such offences, which exploited professional aspirations for sexual gratification, constituted a serious affront to the dignity of women.\u201d","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Case Briefs&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"film director accused of casting couch","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/film-director-accused-of-casting-couch.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/film-director-accused-of-casting-couch.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/film-director-accused-of-casting-couch.webp?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/film-director-accused-of-casting-couch.webp?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":372114,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2026\/01\/09\/ker-hc-grants-bail-to-accused-who-shared-girl-nude-images\/","url_meta":{"origin":366458,"position":1},"title":"Kerala HC grants bail to 19-year-old accused in POCSO, IT Act case involving sharing minor girl&#8217;s nude images online","author":"Sunaina","date":"January 9, 2026","format":false,"excerpt":"\u201cThe accusations against the accused were prima facie well-founded, particularly the allegation that he transmitted nude videos of the girl through social media. The Court observed that such conduct could not be viewed lightly.\u201d","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Case Briefs&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Bail to accused who shared girl's nude images","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Bail-to-accused-who-shared-girls-nude-images.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Bail-to-accused-who-shared-girls-nude-images.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Bail-to-accused-who-shared-girls-nude-images.webp?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Bail-to-accused-who-shared-girls-nude-images.webp?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":358440,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2025\/08\/30\/ker-hc-quashes-further-investigation-order-disproportionate-assets-against-thachankary\/","url_meta":{"origin":366458,"position":2},"title":"Kerala HC quashes Govt. Order for further investigation in disproportionate assets case against retired DGP Tomin J. Thachankary; Directs trial to be completed within 6 months","author":"Editor","date":"August 30, 2025","format":false,"excerpt":"\u201cIf the State, whose duty it was to bring the offenders to justice, took sides with an accused and permitted him to dictate the manner in which the investigation against him was to progress, it would be antithetical to the concept of \u2018the rule of law\u2019.\u201d","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Case Briefs&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Disproportionate assets case against Ex-DGP Thachankary","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Disproportionate-assets-case-against-Ex-DGP-Thachankary.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Disproportionate-assets-case-against-Ex-DGP-Thachankary.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Disproportionate-assets-case-against-Ex-DGP-Thachankary.webp?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Disproportionate-assets-case-against-Ex-DGP-Thachankary.webp?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":265739,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2022\/04\/21\/reports-telecast-media-trial-kerala-high-court-law-legal-updates\/","url_meta":{"origin":366458,"position":3},"title":"[Media Trial] Can media be given right to speculate on outcome of one going investigations or Court proceedings or criminal trials? Ker HC elucidates","author":"Bhumika Indulia","date":"April 21, 2022","format":false,"excerpt":"Kerala High Court: While addressing the matter with regard to the media trial, Mohammed Nias C.P., J., expressed that, half-truths and misinformation cannot be the basis of publications or telecast. Reports\/telecast having the effect of prejudicing mankind against the parties and the court before the case is heard clearly interferes\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Case Briefs&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":273112,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2022\/09\/06\/ebc-publishing-pvt-ltd-amazon-flipkart-mackhingee-publishers-illegally-selling-inferior-quality-books-first-information-report-action-taken-report-copyright-act-counterfeit-infringemen-2\/","url_meta":{"origin":366458,"position":4},"title":"Sale of Unauthorised\/Counterfeit copies of EBC Books: FIR filed against Amazon, Flipkart and Mackhingee Publisher; Police files status report","author":"Editor","date":"September 6, 2022","format":false,"excerpt":"Tis Hazari Court, Delhi: In a case relating to the unauthorized printing\/binding\/manufacturing\/storing\/advertising for sale and selling of counterfeit books published by Eastern Book Company, Police has told the Court that FIR under Ss. 63 and 65 of the Copyright Act, 1957 has been registered against Amazon, Flipkart and Mackhingee Publisher\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Case Briefs&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/MicrosoftTeams-image-47-1.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/MicrosoftTeams-image-47-1.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/MicrosoftTeams-image-47-1.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/MicrosoftTeams-image-47-1.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/MicrosoftTeams-image-47-1.jpg?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":226493,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2020\/03\/04\/ker-hc-court-decides-it-would-be-premature-to-quash-an-fir-since-investigation-is-still-pending-directs-investigating-officer-to-consider-factors-put-forth-by-petitioner\/","url_meta":{"origin":366458,"position":5},"title":"Ker HC | Court decides it would be premature to quash an FIR since investigation is still pending; directs investigating officer to consider factors put forth by petitioner","author":"Bhumika Indulia","date":"March 4, 2020","format":false,"excerpt":"Kerala High Court: Ashok Menon, J., disposed of a criminal miscellaneous application since the matter was under investigation and at an early stage to quash the First Information Report (FIR). In the present case, the petitioner has been alleged to have committed an offence under Section 153 A of the\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Case Briefs&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]}],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/366458","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/67011"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=366458"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/366458\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/366463"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=366458"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=366458"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=366458"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}