{"id":366333,"date":"2025-11-12T09:00:08","date_gmt":"2025-11-12T03:30:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/?p=366333"},"modified":"2025-11-13T17:22:26","modified_gmt":"2025-11-13T11:52:26","slug":"section-13-1a-cca-2015-supreme-court-rejection-of-plain-or-vii-rule-11-cpc","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2025\/11\/12\/section-13-1a-cca-2015-supreme-court-rejection-of-plain-or-vii-rule-11-cpc\/","title":{"rendered":"Order rejecting plaint under Or VII R 11 CPC is appealable under Section 13(1A) of Commercial Courts Act: Supreme Court"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Supreme Court<\/span>: In the case where the Court was called upon to decide whether an order rejecting the plaint under Order VII Rule 11<\/a> of the Civil Procedure Code, 1908<\/a> (CPC) is appealable under Section 13(1A)<\/a> of the Commercial Courts Act, 2015<\/a> (CCA, 2015), the bench of Vikarm Nath and Sandeep Mehta<\/span>*, JJ held that an order rejecting the plaint under Order VII Rule 11<\/a> CPC<\/a> decides the lis<\/span> finally and would tantamount to a ‘decree’ within the meaning of Section 2(2)<\/a> CPC<\/a> and hence, appealable before the High Court under Section 13(1A)<\/a> of the CCA, 2015<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Background<\/h3>\n

In the case at hand, the Supreme Court was dealing with an appeal against the Bombay High Court’s order dated 17-02- 2025, which dismissed MITC Rolling Mills Pvt. Ltd.’s commercial appeal as non-maintainable under Section 13(1A)<\/a> of the CCA 2015<\/a>.<\/p>\n

The appellant had filed a commercial suit before the District Judge, Nashik, seeking recovery of ₹2.52 crore for non-payment of TMT\/Fe-500 material supplied to the respondents. The respondents applied under Order VII Rule 11<\/a> CPC<\/a> to reject the plaint, arguing that the appellant failed to undertake mandatory pre-institution mediation under Section 12A<\/a> of the CCA, 2015<\/a>. The trial court accepted this objection and rejected the plaint on 10-11- 2022.<\/p>\n

The appellant then appealed under Section 13(1A)<\/a> of the CCA 2015<\/a>, but the High Court held that an order rejecting a plaint is not appealable under Order XLIII CPC<\/a>, and hence the appeal was not maintainable. The appellant, hence, challenged the said High Court order before the Supreme Court through a special leave petition.<\/p>\n

The appellant argued that under Section 2(2)<\/a> CPC<\/a>, the rejection of a plaint under Order VII Rule 11 amounts to a “decree,” as it conclusively determines the rights of the parties. Therefore, an appeal under Section 13(1A)<\/a> of the CCA 2015<\/a> was maintainable, and the High Court erred in dismissing it as non-maintainable.<\/p>\n

In response, the respondents contended that the High Court’s view aligned with the Bombay High Court’s decision in Bank of India v. Maruti Civil Works<\/span>, 2023 SCC OnLine Bom 2667<\/a>, which was affirmed by a three-judge bench of the Supreme. Hence, the High Court’s order was legally correct, and no interference was warranted.<\/p>\n

Analysis<\/h3>\n

Interpreting Section 13(1A)<\/a> of the CCA, 2015<\/a>, the Court said that the provision is in two distinct parts but both should be construed harmoniously. The Court noted that while the main provision contemplates appeals against ‘judgments’ and ‘orders’ of the Commercial Court to the Commercial Appellate Division of the High Court, the proviso, operating as an exception, must be construed harmoniously with the main provision and not in derogation thereof.<\/p>\n

“Where the language of the main provision is plain and unambiguous, the proviso cannot be invoked to curtail or whittle down the scope of the principal enactment, save and except where such exclusion is clearly and expressly contemplated.<\/span>”<\/p>\n

The Court further explained that the proviso merely restricts appeals against interlocutory orders to those specifically enumerated under Order XLIII CPC<\/a> and Section 37<\/a> of the Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996<\/a>. Consequently, only such interlocutory orders as are expressly specified therein would be amenable to an appeal under the proviso; orders not so enumerated would not fall within the restricted fold of the proviso and hence, would not be amenable to an appeal under Section 13(1A)<\/a> of the CCA, 2015<\/a>.<\/p>\n

The Court observed that a plaintiff who is aggrieved of the order rejecting the plaint under Order VII Rule 11<\/a> CPC<\/a> cannot be left remediless or compelled to institute a fresh suit for availing such a challenge.<\/p>\n

The Court also distinguished the ruling in Bank of India v. Maruti Civil Works, 2023 SCC OnLine Bom 2667<\/a><\/span>, as the said case involved a challenge to an order rejecting application(s) under Order VII Rule 10<\/a> and Order VII Rule 11(d)<\/a> of the CPC<\/a>, which order(s) are not enumerated under Order XLIII of the CPC<\/a>.<\/p>\n

The Court, hence, quashed and set aside the impugned order of the Bombay High Court and restored the appeal preferred by the appellant-company in the High Court. The High Court has to now consider and decide the same on merits, in accordance with law.<\/p>\n

[MITC Rolling Mills Private Limited v. Renuka Realtors, 2025 SCC OnLine SC 2375<\/a>, decided on 10.11.2025<\/span>]<\/p>\n

*Judgment Authored by Justice Sandeep Mehta<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n

Advocates who appeared in this case:<\/p>\n

For Petitioner(s):<\/span> Mr. Jay Savla, Sr. Adv. Mr. Amol Doijode, Adv. Mr. Prabhat Chaurasia, Adv. Mr. Jasdeep Singh Dhillon, Adv. Mr. Anirudh Jamwal, Adv. M\/S Mps Legal, AOR<\/p>\n

For Respondent(s):<\/span> Mr. Bhaskar Nayak, AOR<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

The Supreme Court distinguished Bank of India v. Maruti Civil Works, 2023 SCC OnLine Bom 2667<\/a>, noting that it dealt with orders under Order VII Rules 10 and 11(d) CPC, which are not appealable under Order XLIII CPC.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":121,"featured_media":366340,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3,9],"tags":[92413,92414,92411,22424,92412],"class_list":["post-366333","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-casebriefs","category-supremecourt","tag-appeal-against-rejection-of-plaint","tag-maintainability-of-appeal","tag-or-vii-r-11-cpc","tag-rejection-of-plaint","tag-section-131a-of-commercial-courts-act"],"yoast_head":"\nSC interprets scope of Section 13(1A) CCA 2015<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Supreme Court rules that rejection of plaint under Order VII Rule 11 CPC is appealable under Section 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Nageswara Rao and BR Gavai*, JJ has lucidly explained the law on rejection of plaints under\u00a0Order\u00a0VII\u00a0Rule\u00a011\u00a0of\u00a0CPC for want of cause of action and has held that in each the question that will have to be considered is as to whether the reliefs as claimed\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Case Briefs"","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/sc-2-7.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/sc-2-7.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/sc-2-7.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/sc-2-7.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/sc-2-7.jpg?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":315600,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2024\/02\/29\/civil-court-jurisdiction-barred-by-section-85-of-waqf-act-cal-hc-allows-application-under-order-vii-rule-11d-cpc-scc-times\/","url_meta":{"origin":366333,"position":4},"title":"Civil Court lacks jurisdiction over Waqf Property disputes: Calcutta High Court","author":"Ritu","date":"February 29, 2024","format":false,"excerpt":"Calcutta High Court held that \u201cin order to decide whether the suit is barred by any law, it is the statement in the plaint which will have to be construed.\u201d","rel":"","context":"In "Case Briefs"","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Calcutta High Court","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Calcutta-High-Court.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Calcutta-High-Court.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Calcutta-High-Court.webp?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Calcutta-High-Court.webp?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":182384,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2018\/01\/19\/statute-describes-requires-thing-done-particular-manner-done-manner-not\/","url_meta":{"origin":366333,"position":5},"title":"When a statute describes or requires a thing to be done in a particular manner; it should be done in that manner or not at all","author":"Saba","date":"January 19, 2018","format":false,"excerpt":"Hyderabad High Court: In the instant appeal, question arose that whether the Application I.A.No. 1751 of 2006 filed for recovery of shares, is an application under Section 8 of the Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996 or whether it is an application under Order VII Rule 11 of CPC seeking rejection\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Case Briefs"","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]}],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/366333","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/121"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=366333"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/366333\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/366340"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=366333"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=366333"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=366333"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}