{"id":366324,"date":"2025-11-11T17:30:33","date_gmt":"2025-11-11T12:00:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/?p=366324"},"modified":"2025-11-17T09:50:21","modified_gmt":"2025-11-17T04:20:21","slug":"madras-hc-divorced-daughters-freedom-fighter-pension-rights-eligibility","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2025\/11\/11\/madras-hc-divorced-daughters-freedom-fighter-pension-rights-eligibility\/","title":{"rendered":"Divorced daughters eligible for Freedom Fighter Pension like unmarried daughters: Madras HC"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Madras High Court:<\/span> In an appeal filed by the petitioner, the daughter of a freedom fighter, challenging the Central Government’s refusal to grant Central Samman Pension under the Swatantarta Sainik Samman Pension Scheme, 1980 (‘Pension Scheme’) based on the Revised Policy Guidelines of 2014 (‘2014 guidelines’) issued by the Ministry of Home Affairs excluding divorced daughters, which she contested as an unfair and irrational distinction given her impoverished condition and dependence on her parents, a Single Judge Bench of V. Lakshminarayanan<\/span>, J., while allowing the petition held that petitioner was entitled to freedom fighter pension from the date of her application. The Court emphasised that the petitioner’s father and mother were freedom fighters and it was not in dispute that the petitioner was in impoverished circumstances.<\/p>\n

Background:<\/h3>\n

The petitioner’s father was a freedom fighter in Burma who joined the Indian National Army. He was imprisoned by the British for six months, after which the family returned to India in impoverished circumstances. Subsequently, the petitioner’s mother was granted pension by both the State and Central Governments until her death at the age of 83.<\/p>\n

The petitioner later married a Singapore citizen and had two children. After suffering cruelty in the marriage, she obtained a divorce and returned to India, leaving the children in her husband’s custody. She resided with her mother until her mother’s death and thereafter applied for transfer of her mother’s pension to her own account.<\/p>\n

She also sought pension from the State Government. Consequently, her petition challenging rejection was allowed, with the Court noting her serious health condition, financial hardship, and the sacrifices made by her parents. The Court held that she was the most eligible person for pension and accordingly set aside the rejection order.<\/p>\n

In the present petition, she sought Pension Scheme from the Central Government. However, the authorities contend that under the 2014 guidelines, divorced daughters are excluded from eligibility. Accordingly, the petitioner challenged the clause, arguing that excluding divorced daughters while permitting unmarried daughters was an unfair and irrational distinction, particularly since her impoverished condition was already established.<\/p>\n

Analysis and Decision:<\/h3>\n

The Court emphasised that the petitioner’s father and mother were freedom fighters and it was not in dispute that the petitioner was in impoverished circumstances. The only ground on which the petitioner was sought to be denied pensionary benefits was that she underwent a marriage and did not remain unmarried during her father’s lifetime. The Court noted that the counter affidavit filed on behalf of the Union of India stated that, on account of the marriage, a lady was entitled for maintenance from her husband and not from her father and was consequently disqualified.<\/p>\n

The Court highlighted that the pension is being granted by the Union of India in recognition of the hardship undergone by freedom fighters during the independence movement, and to compare such hardship with compassionate appointment would not be appropriate.<\/p>\n

The Court referred to Khajani Devi v. Union of India<\/span>, 2016 SCC OnLine P&H 15867<\/a>, where the petitioner, a daughter of a freedom fighter, was denied pension under similar circumstances, stating that a divorced daughter cannot be treated as a dependent on her parents. However, the Union of India did not agree with the view and preferred an appeal to the Supreme Court in Union of India v. Khajani Devi<\/span>1<\/sup><\/a>, and by an order dated 27-09-2019, the Supreme Court dismissed the special leave petition (‘SLP’) and held that the order adopted a progressive and socially constructive approach by treating a divorced daughter at parity with an unmarried daughter.<\/p>\n

The Court emphasised that the present was not a case where the SLP was dismissed without reasons. The Court observed that the Supreme Court categorically held that the view taken in Khajani Devi<\/span> (supra) was progressive and socially constructive, giving benefits to divorced daughters and treating them on par with unmarried daughters.<\/p>\n

The Court opined that when the Supreme Court spoke, judicial discipline required that this Court adopt the same view and not attempt to distinguish it. Since the view in Khajani Devi<\/span> (supra) was approved by the Supreme Court, and as the circumstances in that case were similar to the present case, the Court was of the view that the petition should succeed.<\/p>\n

Consequently, the Court allowed the petition and quashed the order. The Court held that the petitioner is entitled to pension from the date of her application, i.e., 27-01-2023, and granted the respondents eight weeks’ time to do the needful.<\/p>\n

The Court directed that the respondent shall forward the papers to the State of Tamil Nadu forthwith. Further, the Court directed the State of Tamil Nadu to conduct such enquiry as is necessary under law and submit a report on whether the petitioner is in impoverished circumstances and whether she was dependent on her parents during their lifetime, within four weeks.<\/p>\n

On receipt of the report from the State of Tamil Nadu, the Court directed that the Central Government shall pass appropriate orders within a period of four months from the date of receipt of the said report.<\/p>\n

[Thillai Lokanathan v. Union of India, 2025 SCC OnLine Mad 9882<\/a>, decided on 22-10-2025<\/span>]<\/p>\n\n

Advocates who appeared in this case:<\/p>\n

For the Petitioner:<\/span> A.P. Surya Prakasam, N. Abiragan<\/p>\n

For the Respondent:<\/span> R. Rajesh Vivekananthan, Deputy Solicitor General of India<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n

1.<\/a> SLP (C) No. 23553 of 2019<\/span> (Union of India<\/span> v. Khajani Devi<\/span>)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

“The pension is being granted by the Union of India in recognition of the hardship that had been undergone by freedom fighters during the independence movement. 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