{"id":365368,"date":"2025-10-31T15:00:42","date_gmt":"2025-10-31T09:30:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/?p=365368"},"modified":"2025-11-01T15:55:45","modified_gmt":"2025-11-01T10:25:45","slug":"sc-upholds-pay-and-recover-principle-in-motor-accident-claims","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2025\/10\/31\/sc-upholds-pay-and-recover-principle-in-motor-accident-claims\/","title":{"rendered":"‘Expecting insurer to pay third-party compensation beyond terms of agreement is unfair’: Supreme Court upholds pay and recover principle in motor accident claims"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Supreme Court:<\/span> In an appeal challenging the common final judgment and order dated 25-9-2019, passed by the Karnataka High Court (‘the High Court’), wherein pay and recover principle in motor accident claims was applied, the Division Bench of Sanjay Karol*<\/span> and Prashant Kumar Mishra, JJ., stated that when an Insurance Company takes on a policy and accepts payments of premium, it agrees to do so within certain bounds. The Court explained that the contract lays down the four corners within which such an insurance policy would operate. Therefore, to expect the insurer to pay compensation to a third party, which was clearly outside the bounds of the said agreement would be unfair. Thus, the Court stated that balancing the need for payment of compensation vis-à-vis the interests of the insurer, the order of the High Court applying the pay and recover principle, was entirely justified and required no interference.<\/p>\n

Background<\/h3>\n

On 7-10-2024, the deceased was riding on his motorcycle and was hit by the offending vehicle, in a rash and negligent manner, which resulted in his death on the spot. The dependants of the deceased filed claim petition before the Tribunal seeking compensation of Rs. 50,00,000 with 18% interest, submitting that the deceased was the only earning member of the family and earned up to Rs. 15,000 per month. The Tribunal vide order dated 14-12-2016, awarded Rs. 18,86,000 with 6% interest p.a., taking the notional income of the deceased as Rs. 8,000 per month.<\/p>\n

Being aggrieved with the amount of compensation awarded, the appellant filed an appeal before the High Court on the ground that the compensation was not correctly calculated by the Tribunal. The Insurance Company also challenged the Tribunal’s order on the ground of violation by the insurer of the conditions enumerated in the policy.<\/p>\n

The High Court vide impugned judgment, reassessing the monthly income of the deceased at Rs. 15,750 per month and by giving 40% towards future prospects. Since, there were four dependents of the deceased, 1\/4th<\/span> of the income was deducted towards personal expenses and compensation under various heads were also determined. The High Court further directed the Insurance Company to satisfy the award as passed by the Tribunal and granted the right to recover the amount from the owner of the bus, i.e., the present appellant.<\/p>\n

The question that came up for consideration before this Court was whether any deviation from the prescribed route, would impact the liability of the Insurance Company for any accident which may take place, while the vehicle was on such a deviated route.<\/p>\n

Analysis, Law, and Decision<\/h3>\n

The Court stated that in the present context, the purpose of an insurance policy was to shield the owner\/operator from direct liability when such an unforeseen\/unfortunate incident takes place. To deny compensation to the victim\/dependents of the victim, simply because the accident took place outside the bounds of the permit would be offensive to the sense of justice, for the accident itself is for no fault of his. Then, the Insurance Company most certainly ought to pay.<\/p>\n

However, at the same time, the Court stated that when an Insurance Company takes on a policy and accepts payments of premium, it agrees to do so within certain bounds. The contract lays down the four corners within which such an insurance policy would operate. Therefore, to expect the insurer to pay compensation to a third party, which was clearly outside the bounds of the said agreement would be unfair. Thus, the Court stated that balancing the need for payment of compensation to the victim vis-à-vis the interests of the insurer, the order of the High Court applying the pay and recover principle, was entirely justified and required no interference.<\/p>\n

[K. Nagendra v. New India Insurance Co. Ltd., 2025 SCC OnLine SC 2297<\/a>, decided on 29-10-2025<\/span>]<\/p>\n

*Judgment authored by- Justice Sanjay Karol<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n

Advocates who appeared in this case:<\/p>\n

For the Petitioner:<\/span> Raj Bahadur Yadav, AOR; Ajay Kumar, Adv.; M\/S. Pba Legal, AOR; Aayush Agarwala, Adv.; Vipul Singh, Adv.<\/p>\n

For the Respondent:<\/span> Nakul Sachdeva, Adv.; Sagar Arora, Adv.; Krishnayan Sen, AOR; Raj Bahadur Yadav, AOR; Pba Srinivasan, Adv.; Amit K. Nain, AOR; Srishti Bansal, Adv.; Sumit Swami, Adv.; Rajshree Dhapola, Adv.; Barnali Paul, Adv.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

To deny compensation to the victim\/dependents of the victim, simply because the accident took place outside the bounds of the permit would be offensive to the sense of justice, for the accident itself is for no fault of his.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":67520,"featured_media":365385,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3,9],"tags":[91732,34505,55015,37847,41489,91730,5363,91731],"class_list":["post-365368","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-casebriefs","category-supremecourt","tag-accident-outside-permit","tag-justice-prashant-kumar-mishra","tag-justice-sanjay-karol","tag-motor-accident","tag-motor-accident-claims","tag-pay-and-recover-principle","tag-supreme-court","tag-third-party-compensation"],"yoast_head":"\nSC upholds pay and recover principle in motor accident claims| 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Lohra J., in an appeal under Section 173 of the Motor Vehicles Act, 1988 upheld the decision of the impugned judgment and directed the insurer to first pay the compensation amount to the claimants and then recover from the insured. 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Kinagi J., allowed the appeal and applied the pay and recover principle fastening the liability on the owner to pay the compensation. The facts of the case are such that the claimant was sitting in the backside of the auto-rickshaw, the driver was driving rashly\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Case Briefs"","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":328340,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2024\/08\/08\/attempt-overtake-vehicle-motor-accident-compensation-negligence-supreme-court-legal-news\/","url_meta":{"origin":365368,"position":5},"title":"Mere attempt to overtake vehicle not Negligence; Supreme Court enhances MACT compensation from Rs.1,01,250 to Rs.11,25,000","author":"Sucheta","date":"August 8, 2024","format":false,"excerpt":"Regarding appellant\u2019s attempt to overtake a vehicle, the Court stated that he was doing an act which is an everyday occurrence on the road, but resultantly suffered extensive injuries himself. Furthermore, it was proved that the offending vehicle was being driven rashly and negligently.","rel":"","context":"In "Case Briefs"","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"overtake vehicle not negligence supreme court","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/overtake-vehicle-not-negligence-supreme-court.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/overtake-vehicle-not-negligence-supreme-court.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/overtake-vehicle-not-negligence-supreme-court.webp?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/overtake-vehicle-not-negligence-supreme-court.webp?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x"},"classes":[]}],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/365368","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/67520"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=365368"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/365368\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/365385"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=365368"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=365368"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=365368"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}