{"id":364270,"date":"2025-10-17T18:00:55","date_gmt":"2025-10-17T12:30:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/?p=364270"},"modified":"2025-10-28T15:57:12","modified_gmt":"2025-10-28T10:27:12","slug":"ori-hc-insolvency-no-defence-for-directors-in-cheque-dishonour","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2025\/10\/17\/ori-hc-insolvency-no-defence-for-directors-in-cheque-dishonour\/","title":{"rendered":"Insolvency proceedings no shield for Directors in cheque dishonour cases under S. 138 NI Act: Orissa HC"},"content":{"rendered":"<div style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;\">\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Orissa High Court:<\/span> In the present petition, the petitioner, Managing Director of Zenith Mining (P) Ltd., sought discharge from a cheque bounce case filed by Dewy Developers (P) Ltd., citing insolvency proceedings under Section <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001549806\" target=\"_blank\">7<\/a> of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002802178\" target=\"_blank\">Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016<\/a> (&#8216;IBC&#8217;) and arguing that only the appointed Resolution Professional (&#8216;RP&#8217;) was entitled to represent the company. A Single Judge Bench of <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Chittaranjan Dash<\/span>, J., while dismissing the petition, held that the mere declaration of a company as insolvent and the appointment of a RP under the IBC did not, by itself, absolved its directors from criminal liability for cheque dishonour under Section <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001544366\" target=\"_blank\">138<\/a> of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002726957\" target=\"_blank\">Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881<\/a> (&#8216;NI Act&#8217;).<\/p>\n<h3>Background:<\/h3>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">The case arose from a complaint filed by Dewy Developers (P) Ltd. under Section <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001544366\" target=\"_blank\">138<\/a> of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002726957\" target=\"_blank\">NI Act<\/a> before the JMFC (LR), Bhubaneswar. The complaint stated that Zenith Mining (P) Ltd., through its Managing Director, persuaded the complainant to extend a friendly loan of Rs 1 crore. The amount was credited to the company&#8217;s account with the assurance of repayment within one year.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">Upon default, the complainant approached the Managing Director, who issued a cheque dated 25-06-2021 for Rs 1 crore drawn on IndusInd Bank. The cheque was dishonoured twice with the endorsement &#8220;refer to drawer.&#8221; Despite statutory notice, the petitioner failed to make payment, prompting the complainant to initiate criminal proceedings under Section <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001544366\" target=\"_blank\">138<\/a> of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002726957\" target=\"_blank\">NI Act<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">In response, the petitioner filed an application seeking discharge from the proceedings, citing insolvency proceedings initiated under Section 7 of the IBC. The petitioner argued that the company was declared insolvent by the National Company Law Tribunal&nbsp;(&#8216;NCLT&#8217;), Cuttack on 08-01-2024, and that only the appointed RP was authorised to represent the corporate debtor.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">However, the Trial Court rejected the discharge application, holding that criminal prosecution under Section <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001544366\" target=\"_blank\">138<\/a> of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002726957\" target=\"_blank\">NI Act<\/a> could not be terminated against signatories or Directors of a company. Challenging the dismissal order, the petitioner moved the Court by way of a criminal revision petition.<\/p>\n<h3>Analysis and Decision:<\/h3>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">The Court while examining the position of law relied upon <span style=\"font-style: italic;\">Ajay Kumar Radheshyam Goenka v. Tourism Finance Corporation of India Ltd.<\/span>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink\/XSu1Bzl2\" target=\"_blank\">(2023) 10 SCC 545<\/a>, wherein it was held that the complainant ought to have approached the RP, who alone was competent to represent the accused Company.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">The Court thus concluded that there was no ambiguity in law regarding the principle laid down by the Supreme Court in <span style=\"font-style: italic;\">Ajay Kumar Radheshyam Goenka<\/span> (supra), namely, that the matter pending before the RP, pursuant to the NCLT&#8217;s order dated 08-11-2024, would not affect criminal proceedings under Section <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001544366\" target=\"_blank\">138<\/a> of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002726957\" target=\"_blank\">NI Act<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">Consequently, the Court held that such proceedings could not be stalled on the ground of insolvency. Finding the Trial Court&#8217;s order rejecting the discharge plea to be just and proper, the Court confirmed the same and dismissed the petition as devoid of merit.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">[<span style=\"font-weight: bold; color: #632423;\">Syed Najam Ahmed v. State of Orissa, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink\/MQYk9P18\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2025 SCC OnLine Ori 3842<\/a>, decided on 13-10-2025<\/span>]<\/p>\n<hr\/>\n<p>Advocates who appeared in this case:<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 18pt;\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">For the Petitioner:<\/span> Sidhartha Mishra, Advocate<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 18pt;\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">For the Opposite Parties:<\/span> A. K. Apat, Addl. P. P., S. S. Padhy, Advocate<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p style=\"font-style: italic;\">&#8220;On the request of the petitioner, the complainant waited and represented the cheque through its banker, but once again it got dishonoured with the same remark &#8211; refer to drawer.&#8221;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":67011,"featured_media":364302,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3,10],"tags":[3029,29922,91060,58955,6121,71863,37146,34025,34538,91061],"class_list":["post-364270","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-casebriefs","category-highcourts","tag-cheque_bounce","tag-cheque-dishonour","tag-company-insolvent","tag-directors-liability","tag-insolvency","tag-justice-chittaranjan-dash","tag-orissa-high-court","tag-resolution-professional","tag-section-138-negotiable-instruments-act","tag-section-7-insolvency-and-bankruptcy-code"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v26.4 (Yoast SEO v26.4) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Insolvency no defence for Directors in cheque dishonour 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Court stays coercive action against insolvent guarantors in 11 pending criminal cases under NI Act and PSS Act; Issues notice","author":"Apoorva","date":"August 16, 2025","format":false,"excerpt":"The case raises a critical legal intersection between debt recovery prosecutions and the insolvency resolution framework. A ruling that could reshape how courts handle cheque dishonour and payment-related offences against financially distressed individuals who are already undergoing insolvency proceedings, thereby preventing procedural overlap from undermining the statutory \u201cfresh start\u201d promised\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Case Briefs&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"coercive action against Insolvent Guarantors","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/coercive-action-against-Insolvent-Guarantors.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/coercive-action-against-Insolvent-Guarantors.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/coercive-action-against-Insolvent-Guarantors.webp?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/coercive-action-against-Insolvent-Guarantors.webp?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":245312,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2021\/03\/10\/interplay-between-negotiable-instruments-act-and-the-insolvency-code\/","url_meta":{"origin":364270,"position":1},"title":"Interplay between Negotiable Instruments Act and the Insolvency Code","author":"Bhumika Indulia","date":"March 10, 2021","format":false,"excerpt":"by Akaant Kumar Mittal\u2020","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Akaant Mittal&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Akaant Mittal","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/experts_corner\/individual\/akaant-mittal\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/mittal-2.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/mittal-2.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/mittal-2.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/mittal-2.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/mittal-2.jpg?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":345582,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2025\/04\/11\/insolvency-process-resolution-not-refuge-responsibility\/","url_meta":{"origin":364270,"position":2},"title":"Insolvency is a Process of Resolution and Not a Refuge from Responsibility","author":"Bhumika Indulia","date":"April 11, 2025","format":false,"excerpt":"by Lakshmi Raman*","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Experts Corner&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Experts Corner","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/experts_corner\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Insolvency process","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/shared-image-2025-04-11T095758.585.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/shared-image-2025-04-11T095758.585.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/shared-image-2025-04-11T095758.585.webp?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/shared-image-2025-04-11T095758.585.webp?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":243994,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2021\/02\/17\/insolvency\/","url_meta":{"origin":364270,"position":3},"title":"NCLAT | Insolvency process proceeded without \u2018Demand Notice\u2019 being served under S. 8 IBC due to change in &#8216;registered address\u2019. Does Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code allow to proceed in such circumstances? Read on","author":"Bhumika Indulia","date":"February 17, 2021","format":false,"excerpt":"National Company Law Appellate Tribunal (NCLAT): The Division Bench of Venugopal M (Judicial Member) and Alok Srivastava (Technical Member) held that a demand notice is a forerunner to the commencement of insolvency proceedings against a corporate debtor. Unpaid demand notice is good enough to exhibit the debtor\u2019s inability to pay\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Case Briefs&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/NCLAT.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/NCLAT.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/NCLAT.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/NCLAT.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/NCLAT.jpg?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":236343,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2020\/09\/27\/cheque-proceedings-against-a-company-during-insolvency-proceedings-a-legal-complication-scc-archives\/","url_meta":{"origin":364270,"position":4},"title":"Cheque Proceedings Against a Company During Insolvency Proceedings &#8211; A Legal Complication [SCC Archives]","author":"Editor","date":"September 27, 2020","format":false,"excerpt":"by Akaant Kumar Mittal\u2020","rel":"","context":"In &quot;OP. ED.&quot;","block_context":{"text":"OP. ED.","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/op-ed\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/NCLAT.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/NCLAT.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/NCLAT.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/NCLAT.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/NCLAT.jpg?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":261058,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2022\/02\/03\/whether-proceedings-under-ss-138-and-141-of-ni-act-can-be-initiated-against-corporate-debtor-during-moratorium-period\/","url_meta":{"origin":364270,"position":5},"title":"Whether proceedings under Ss. 138 and 141 of NI Act can be initiated against corporate debtor during moratorium period? 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Sathish Kumar, J., while addressing a matter with regard to the dishonour of cheques under Section 138 of Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881, held that the moratorium provision contained in Section 14 of the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, would apply only to corporate debtor, but the natural\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Case Briefs&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Madras_New-logo.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Madras_New-logo.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Madras_New-logo.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Madras_New-logo.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Madras_New-logo.jpg?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x"},"classes":[]}],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/364270","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/67011"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=364270"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/364270\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/364302"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=364270"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=364270"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=364270"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}