{"id":363032,"date":"2025-10-08T18:30:53","date_gmt":"2025-10-08T13:00:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/?p=363032"},"modified":"2025-10-14T09:38:26","modified_gmt":"2025-10-14T04:08:26","slug":"kerala-hc-exploitation-in-surrogacy-egg-donation","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2025\/10\/08\/kerala-hc-exploitation-in-surrogacy-egg-donation\/","title":{"rendered":"\u201cWe are aghast and shocked\u201d; Kerala HC expresses concern over potential exploitation of poor women in Surrogacy and Egg Donation Programs"},"content":{"rendered":"<style>\n.animate-charcter{background-image: linear-gradient(-225deg, #231557 0%, #44107a 29%, #ff1361 67%, #fff800 100%); background-size: 200% auto; -webkit-background-clip: text; -webkit-text-fill-color: transparent; animation: textclip 0s linear infinite;}\n@keyframes textclip {to {background-position: 200% center;}}\n<\/style>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;\">\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Kerala High Court:<\/span> In a case concerning alleged illegal practices surrounding Assisted Reproductive Technology (&#8216;ART&#8217;) and the exploitation of women under the guise of egg donation, the division bench of <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Devan Ramachandran*<\/span> and M.B. Snehalatha, JJ. expressed concern and shock over the alleged exploitation of women who were reportedly brought into the State under the guise of ART programs, purportedly as egg donors or prospective surrogate mothers.<\/p>\n<p>The Court observed:<\/p>\n<p class=\"animate-charcter\" style=\"margin-bottom: 3%; margin-left: 36pt; font-style: italic;\">&#8220;Innovation is always key in medicine; and Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART) has been a global game changer. Unfortunately, ART has brought into its fold, because of its huge demand, various deleterious tendencies, particularly in the growing markets in low and middle-income countries. We fear if this has percolated into our small State of Kerala also.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">The Court expressed serious concern over potential human rights violations, ethical breaches, and lack of transparency in the ART ecosystem within the State.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">The petitioner claimed that the women taken into custody by the Police and Health Department were voluntary egg donors seeking medical assistance. However, the authorities suspected that the petitioner was operating in contravention of the law, with possible elements of human trafficking and financial exploitation involved.<\/p>\n<p>The Bench stated:<\/p>\n<p class=\"animate-charcter\" style=\"margin-bottom: 3%; margin-left: 36pt; font-style: italic;\">&#8220;A prefatory word of agony needs to be placed, that if the ladies in question, and several others, are being subjected to exploitation or financial abuse&#8230;&#8221;<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">The Court emphasised that ART is a complex and emotionally driven procedure, often involving vulnerable individuals, both intending parents and egg donors who are drawn in by advertisements and social media promotions, especially in developing regions.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">The Court noted with grave concern the power imbalance in such arrangements, where uneducated or financially insecure women from outside Kerala are allegedly being induced into such practices purely by promises of money, without adequate agency, awareness, or legal protection.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">The Bench described the alleged practices as &#8220;a complex web of deceit&#8221;, facilitated by middlemen and aggravated by the emotional and physical toll such procedures extract from the women involved. The lack of ethical standards, the Court observed, was &#8220;shocking to any human mind guided by even the faintest of humanism.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>Taking note of the Government Pleader&#8217;s submission that investigations are ongoing and raids have taken place across the State, the Court adjourned the matter to 10-10-2025 and directed the respondents to submit:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"list-style-type: disc;\">\n<li>\n<p>A comprehensive report of all actions taken so far;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>Proposed further actions; and<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">Concrete steps to prevent such exploitation in the future.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The Court concluded:<\/p>\n<p class=\"animate-charcter\" style=\"margin-bottom: 3%; margin-left: 36pt; font-style: italic;\">&#8220;We are aghast and shocked&#8212;assuming the facts stated before us to be true&#8212;that such tendencies are allowed in a State like ours, where literacy is highest&#8230; Exploitation cuts at the root of everything constitutionally guaranteed&#8230;&#8221;<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">The authorities under the Health Department and Police were reminded of their constitutional obligations and were tasked with ensuring such exploitative practices are eradicated, guided by the &#8220;acme constitutional imperatives and principles.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">[<span style=\"font-weight: bold; color: #632423;\">Art Bank v. State Police Chief of Kerala, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink\/a9VrGTjp\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2025 SCC OnLine Ker 9786<\/a>, decided on 29-09-2025<\/span>]<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 18pt;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000080;\">*Order by: Justice Devan Ramachandran<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p style=\"font-style: italic;\">&#8220;For want of better words, prima facie, we can only say that we are shocked by what we have seen within the factual matrix of this case.&#8221;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":67512,"featured_media":363051,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3,10],"tags":[33483,43470,90540,90538,80992,9971,2523,74794,3225,90539],"class_list":["post-363032","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-casebriefs","category-highcourts","tag-art","tag-assisted-reproductive-technology","tag-court-concern","tag-egg-donation","tag-exploitation-of-women","tag-human-rights","tag-Kerala_High_Court","tag-medical-ethics","tag-Surrogacy","tag-vulnerable-women"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v26.4 (Yoast SEO v26.4) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Kerala HC Flags Exploitation in Surrogacy and Egg Donation Programs | SCC Times<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Exploitation in Surrogacy and Egg Donation Programs: Kerala High Court expresses deep concern over possible exploitation of vulnerable women in Assisted Reproductive Technology practices\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2025\/10\/08\/kerala-hc-exploitation-in-surrogacy-egg-donation\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u201cWe are aghast and shocked\u201d; 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The Assisted Reproductive Technology Regulation Bill, 2020","author":"Bhumika Indulia","date":"February 19, 2020","format":false,"excerpt":"Path-breaking measures taken to protect women\u2019s reproductive rights","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Cabinet Decisions&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Cabinet Decisions","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/legislationupdates\/cabinet_decisions\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/CABINET-SECRETARIAT.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/CABINET-SECRETARIAT.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/CABINET-SECRETARIAT.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/CABINET-SECRETARIAT.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/CABINET-SECRETARIAT.jpg?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":254743,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2021\/09\/27\/reproductive-health-and-surrogacy-in-india\/","url_meta":{"origin":363032,"position":1},"title":"A Comprehensive Analysis on Reproductive Health and Surrogacy in India: A Study on the Law, Policy, and Practice","author":"Editor","date":"September 27, 2021","format":false,"excerpt":"by Dr D. Radhika Yadav\u2020 and Pavan Kasturi\u2020\u2020","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Op Eds&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Op Eds","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/op-ed\/legal-analysis\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/MicrosoftTeams-image-119-1.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/MicrosoftTeams-image-119-1.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/MicrosoftTeams-image-119-1.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/MicrosoftTeams-image-119-1.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/MicrosoftTeams-image-119-1.jpg?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":293277,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2023\/05\/27\/5-high-courts-to-get-new-chief-justices\/","url_meta":{"origin":363032,"position":2},"title":"5 High Courts to get new Chief Justices","author":"Bhumika Indulia","date":"May 27, 2023","format":false,"excerpt":"KERALA HIGH COURT \u21aa Shri Justice Sarasa Venkatanarayana Bhatti, Judge, Kerala High Court, appointed as the Chief Justice of the Kerala High Court with effect from the date he assumes charge of his office. HIMACHAL PRADESH HIGH COURT \u21aa\u00a0Shri Justice Mamidanna Satya Ratna Sri Ramachandra Rao, Judge, Punjab & Haryana\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Appointments &amp; Transfers&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Appointments &amp; Transfers","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/news\/appointments\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"new chief justices of high court","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/new-chief-justices-of-high-court.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/new-chief-justices-of-high-court.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/new-chief-justices-of-high-court.webp?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/new-chief-justices-of-high-court.webp?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":259100,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2021\/12\/27\/surrogacy-regulation-act-2021\/","url_meta":{"origin":363032,"position":3},"title":"Surrogacy (Regulation) Act, 2021","author":"Bhumika Indulia","date":"December 27, 2021","format":false,"excerpt":"On December 25, 2021, the Surrogacy (Regulation) Act, 2021 received President's assent in order to regulate the practice and process of surrogacy, constitute National Assisted Reproductive Technology and Surrogacy Board, State Assisted Reproductive Technology and Surrogacy Boards.\u00a0 Key features of the Act: I. Prohibition and regulation of surrogacy clinics: No\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Legislation Updates&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Legislation Updates","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/legislationupdates\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/MicrosoftTeams-image-162.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/MicrosoftTeams-image-162.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/MicrosoftTeams-image-162.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/MicrosoftTeams-image-162.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/MicrosoftTeams-image-162.jpg?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":266436,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2022\/05\/05\/composition-of-national-assisted-reproductive-technology-and-surrogacy-board\/","url_meta":{"origin":363032,"position":4},"title":"Composition of National Assisted Reproductive Technology and Surrogacy Board","author":"Bhumika Indulia","date":"May 5, 2022","format":false,"excerpt":"The Central Government has notified that composition of National Assisted Reproductive Technology and Surrogacy Board for the purposes of the Assisted Reproductive Technology (Regulation) Act, 2021 and the Surrogacy (Regulation) Act, 2021 is as under :- the Minister in-charge of the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare as Chairperson, ex\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Legislation Updates&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Legislation Updates","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/legislationupdates\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/Parliament_Colour.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/Parliament_Colour.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/Parliament_Colour.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/Parliament_Colour.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/Parliament_Colour.jpg?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":290702,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2023\/04\/27\/karnataka-high-court-aid-aging-couple-wishing-to-have-child-via-surrogacy-legal-news-law-updates\/","url_meta":{"origin":363032,"position":5},"title":"Karnataka High Court comes to the aid of an aging couple wishing to have child via surrogacy; 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