{"id":361415,"date":"2025-09-24T11:00:21","date_gmt":"2025-09-24T05:30:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/?p=361415"},"modified":"2025-09-30T09:59:48","modified_gmt":"2025-09-30T04:29:48","slug":"karnataka-high-court-biological-father-consent-for-adoption-inferred-from-refusal-to-take-stand","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2025\/09\/24\/karnataka-high-court-biological-father-consent-for-adoption-inferred-from-refusal-to-take-stand\/","title":{"rendered":"Inside Karnataka High Court\u2019s order inferring biological father\u2019s consent for adoption from his refusal to take a definite stand"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Karnataka High Court<\/span>: In a writ petition filed by the petitioners against the communications from the Central Adoption Resource Agency (‘CARA’) and State Adoption Resource Agency (‘SARA’) insisting on the consent of the biological father in case of adoption of minor child, a Single-Judge Bench of B.M. Shyam Prasad, J.<\/span>, while disposing of the petition, directed the respondents to complete the adoption process. The Court held that when the biological father has not taken a definite stand on the issue, despite an opportunity being given to him, consent could be inferred in favour of the adoption, as the best interest of the minor child is paramount.<\/p>\n

The petitioners had applied to CARA for the adoption of a minor child. The first petitioner, the minor’s biological mother and the fifth respondent are the biological parents of the minor child. Their marriage was dissolved by mutual consent in matrimonial proceedings. As per the agreement, the mother was to have permanent care and custody of their minor son, and she was to be the sole guardian. The biological father gave up his right to claim any visitation or custody rights in the future. Then petitioners then entered into matrimony and the minor had been living with them. The petitioners, along with the minor, had completed all the formalities for adoption from their side. Through an email communication the CARA asked for providing consent of the biological father of the minor. Aggrieved, the petitioners filed this writ petition.<\/p>\n

The Court considered the question of whether an inference of consent could be drawn from the biological father’s actions of not taking a definite stand on whether the petitioner must take the minor in adoption. The Court noted that the biological father had already given up his right to visit the child in the matrimonial proceedings.<\/p>\n

The Court also noted that the refusal to take a stand, under these circumstances, must justify an inference in favour of the minor being taken in adoption.<\/span> Further, the Court reasoned that the biological father had not come forward with justifiable reasons to deny the benefit of adoption not just to the petitioner but also to the minor whose interest must be paramount.<\/p>\n

The Court observed that if the inference of consent were not drawn, the minor, who is living with the petitioners and is keen on the adoption, could lose the advantage of belonging to the family completely with all consequences that would be.<\/p>\n

The Court held that there must be an inference of consent by the biological father in favor of the adoption. The Court directed adoption agencies to consider the completion of the adoption process based on this inference and granted the petitioners the liberty to upload the Court’s order as proof of the biological father’s consent.<\/p>\n

[X v. Central Adoption Resource Agency, 2025 SCC OnLine Kar 19487<\/a>, decided on 22-08-2025<\/span>]<\/p>\n\n

Advocates who appeared in this case:<\/p>\n

For the Petitioners:<\/span> Sharandeep, Advocate<\/p>\n

For the Respondents:<\/span> Arvind Kamath, ASG, with Anupama Hegde, CGC for R1; Rahul Cariappa, AGA for R2 to R4; Saravana S, Advocate for R5<\/p>\n

Amicus Curiae:<\/span> Vikram Huilgol, Senior Advocate<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

‘The biological father failed to come forward to extend justifiable reasons to deny the benefit of adoption not just to the petitioner but also to the minor whose interest must be paramount.’<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":67011,"featured_media":361425,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3,10],"tags":[3422,53988,89720,79520,89721,28334],"class_list":["post-361415","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-casebriefs","category-highcourts","tag-Adoption","tag-best-interest-of-the-child","tag-biological-fathers-consent","tag-central-adoption-resource-agency","tag-consent-for-adoption","tag-karnataka-high-court"],"yoast_head":"\nKar HC infers biological father's consent for adoption from his refusal to take stand | SCC Times<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Explore the 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Care, 2015 to be adopted by States","author":"Sucheta","date":"August 11, 2016","format":false,"excerpt":"The Ministry of Women and Child Development had issued the Model Guidelines for Foster Care, 2015 to be adopted\/adapted by the States\/UTs as per their requirement. Central Adoption Resource Authority (CARA) has reported that the indulgence of adoption placement agencies in malpractices in offering children for adoption to foreign couples\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Hot Off The Press"","block_context":{"text":"Hot Off The Press","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/news\/hot_off_the_press\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/adoption.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/adoption.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/adoption.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/adoption.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/adoption.jpg?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":324551,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2024\/06\/17\/marital-status-of-woman-cannot-be-the-determining-factor-for-giving-her-child-in-adoption-madras-hc\/","url_meta":{"origin":361415,"position":3},"title":"\u2018Marital status of woman cannot be the determining factor for giving her child in adoption\u2019, Madras HC sets aside Registering Authority’s order refusing to register adoption deed","author":"Apoorva","date":"June 17, 2024","format":false,"excerpt":"Madras High Court said that the reason given in the impugned refusal check slip reveals the patriarchal mind set of the registering authority, giving an underlying assumption that an unmarried woman above the age of 18 years cannot give her biological child in adoption.","rel":"","context":"In "Case Briefs"","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Madras High Court","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Madras-High-Court.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Madras-High-Court.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Madras-High-Court.webp?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Madras-High-Court.webp?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":234054,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2020\/08\/17\/madras-hc-adoption-does-not-sever-relationship-of-child-with-biological-father-unless-he-renounces-his-right-as-father\/","url_meta":{"origin":361415,"position":4},"title":"Madras HC | Adoption does not sever relationship of child with biological father unless he renounces his right as father","author":"Bhumika Indulia","date":"August 17, 2020","format":false,"excerpt":"Madras High Court:\u00a0P.T. Asha, J., addressed a matter in relation to adoption and modification in the birth certificate of a minor in terms of change in the name of the biological father of the child. Legal status of a biological daughter Petitioners are the adopted father and biological\/natural mother of\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Case Briefs"","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":7260,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2015\/07\/29\/guidelines-governing-adoption-of-children-2015\/","url_meta":{"origin":361415,"position":5},"title":"Guidelines governing Adoption of Children, 2015","author":"Sucheta","date":"July 29, 2015","format":false,"excerpt":"On 17.07.2015 the Central Government notified the following Guidelines issued by the Central Adoption Resource Authority, superseding the Guidelines Governing the Adoption of Children, 2011 to provide for the regulation of adoption of orphaned, abandoned or surrendered children. \u2022\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Adequately defined terms like \u2018prospective adoptive parents\u2019 and \u2018surrendered child\u2019 find\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Hot Off The Press"","block_context":{"text":"Hot Off The Press","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/news\/hot_off_the_press\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/12\/DSC_4762-e1474523869607.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/12\/DSC_4762-e1474523869607.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/12\/DSC_4762-e1474523869607.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/12\/DSC_4762-e1474523869607.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/12\/DSC_4762-e1474523869607.jpg?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x"},"classes":[]}],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/361415","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/67011"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=361415"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/361415\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/361425"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=361415"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=361415"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=361415"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}