{"id":359614,"date":"2025-09-10T11:30:33","date_gmt":"2025-09-10T06:00:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/?p=359614"},"modified":"2025-09-12T17:43:20","modified_gmt":"2025-09-12T12:13:20","slug":"sc-using-article-226-to-quash-fir-after-cognizance-is-taken","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2025\/09\/10\/sc-using-article-226-to-quash-fir-after-cognizance-is-taken\/","title":{"rendered":"Article 226 cannot be invoked to quash FIR, once cognizance of offence has been taken; remedy under Section 528 BNSS can be availed: Supreme Court"},"content":{"rendered":"<div style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;\">\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Supreme Court:<\/span> In the present case, the petitioner filed the special leave to appeal, challenging the order dated 1-7-2025, passed by the Bombay High Court (&#8216;the High Court&#8217;), whereby the petition to quash the FIR was disposed of on the ground that after the charge sheet was filed, the petition had become infructuous. The Division Bench of Dipankar Datta and Prashant Kumar Mishra, JJ., stated that so long the cognizance of the offence was not taken, a writ or order to quash the FIR\/charge-sheet could be issued under Article <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001574969\" target=\"_blank\">226<\/a> of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002726967\" target=\"_blank\">Constitution<\/a>. However, once cognizance is taken, power under Section 528 of the BNSS was available to quash the FIR\/charge-sheet and the order taking cognizance, provided the same was placed on record along with the requisite pleadings.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">The Court stated that in the present case, the Division Bench of the High Court did have the jurisdiction to pass such an order, since its jurisdiction under Section 528 of the BNSS was also invoked and accordingly, set aside the impugned order.<\/p>\n<h3>Background<\/h3>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">In the present case, a petition was filed under Article <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001574969\" target=\"_blank\">226<\/a> of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002726967\" target=\"_blank\">Constitution<\/a> and under Section <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-9001804270\" target=\"_blank\">528<\/a> of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-9001804327\" target=\"_blank\">Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023<\/a> (&#8216;BNSS&#8217;) before the High Court, seeking to quash the FIR registered under Sections <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001561758\" target=\"_blank\">420<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001561742\" target=\"_blank\">406<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001561745\" target=\"_blank\">409<\/a> read with Section <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001561652\" target=\"_blank\">34<\/a> of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002726960\" target=\"_blank\">Penal Code, 1860<\/a>. The Division Bench of the High Court by an order dated 1-7-2025, relied on <span style=\"font-style: italic;\">Neeta Singh v. State of U.P.<\/span>, Special Leave to Appeal (Cri.) No. 13578 of 2024, dated 15-10-2024 (&#8216;<span style=\"font-style: italic;\">Neeta Singh case&#8217;)<\/span>, disposed of the petition and stated that petition had become infructuous, after filing of the charge-sheet.<\/p>\n<h3>Analysis, Law, and Decision<\/h3>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">The Court observed that there was a need to clarify that, the ratio relied on by the High Court in <span style=\"font-style: italic;\">Neeta Singh case (supra)<\/span>, had been correctly applied or not. There was a distinct factual dissimilarity between the petition from which the special leave petition in <span style=\"font-style: italic;\">Neeta Singh case (supra)<\/span> arose and the present writ petition.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">The Court noted that in <span style=\"font-style: italic;\">Neeta Singh case (supra)<\/span>, the jurisdiction under Article <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001574971\" target=\"_blank\">227<\/a> of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002726967\" target=\"_blank\">Constitution<\/a> or Section <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001519791\" target=\"_blank\">482<\/a> of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002726935\" target=\"_blank\">Criminal Procedure Code, 1973<\/a> had not been invoked. Further, the cognizance of the offence was taken by the relevant criminal court. The Court clarified that it was in such circumstances that the writ petition under Article <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001574969\" target=\"_blank\">226<\/a> of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002726967\" target=\"_blank\">Constitution<\/a> was held infructuous and the impugned order was upheld.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">The Court stated that in the present case, it was evident that the petition sought to invoke the twin jurisdiction under Article <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001574969\" target=\"_blank\">226<\/a> of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002726967\" target=\"_blank\">Constitution<\/a> and Section 528 of BNSS to quash the FIR. The police report (charge-sheet) was filed on 14-5-2025, upon completion of investigation of the FIR. However, whether the cognizance was taken by the jurisdictional magistrate, was not too clear from the impugned order. So long the cognizance of the offence was not taken, a writ or order to quash the FIR\/charge-sheet could be issued under Article <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001574969\" target=\"_blank\">226<\/a> of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002726967\" target=\"_blank\">Constitution<\/a>. However, once a judicial order of taking cognizance intervened, power under Section 528 of the BNSS was available to be exercised to quash the FIR\/charge-sheet and the order taking cognizance, provided the same was placed on record along with the requisite pleadings.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">The Court observed that in the present case, the Division Bench of the High Court could have examined the grievance of the petitioner, since its jurisdiction under Section 528 of the BNSS was also invoked and the relief claimed could have been suitably moulded subject to the requisite satisfaction of the court. The Court held that the Division Bench of the High Court did have the jurisdiction to pass such an order as per the &#8220;Sitting List&#8221;.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">The Court opined that the Division Bench of the Bombay High Court misread &#8216;<span style=\"font-style: italic;\">Neeta Singh case&#8217; (supra<\/span>), inadvertently omitted to notice the factual dissimilarity and consequently, misapplied the ratio to spurn the challenge laid by the petitioner resulting in a failure of justice. Thus, the Court set aside the impugned order and stated that the petitioner&#8217;s writ petition should stand revived for being considered afresh by the roster bench of the Bombay High Court, in accordance with law.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">[<span style=\"font-weight: bold; color: #632423;\">Pardnya Pranjal Kulkarni v. State of Maharashtra, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink\/29gzn1D3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2025 SCC OnLine SC 1948<\/a>, decided on 3-9-2025<\/span>]<\/p>\n<hr\/>\n<p>Advocates who appeared in this case:<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 18pt;\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">For the Petitioner:<\/span> Kisalaya Shukla, AOR; Satyam Pandey, Adv.; Sandeep Kumar Dwivedi, Adv.; Krishna Kant Shukla, Adv.; Awadhesh Kumar, Adv.<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"color: #000080;\">Buy Constitution of India &nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ebcwebstore.com\/product\/the-constitution-of-india-coat-pocket-edition?products_id=100647\" target=\"_blank\">HERE<\/a><\/h3>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ebcwebstore.com\/product\/the-constitution-of-india-coat-pocket-edition?products_id=100647\" target=\"_blank\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/s3.amazonaws.com\/ebcwebstore\/images\/the-constitution-of-india-coat-pocket-edition-Gopal-Sankaranarayanan-ebc-front-cover.JPG\" alt=\"Constitution of India\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" class=\"aligncenter size-large wp-image-294438\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"color: #000080;\">Buy Penal Code, 1860 &nbsp; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ebcwebstore.com\/product_info.php?products_id=1158\" target=\"_blank\">HERE<\/a><\/h3>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ebcwebstore.com\/product_info.php?products_id=1158\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/penal-code-1860-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"penal code, 1860\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" class=\"aligncenter size-large wp-image-294601\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/penal-code-1860-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/penal-code-1860-768x511.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/penal-code-1860-440x293.jpg 440w, https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/penal-code-1860-650x433.jpg 650w, https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/penal-code-1860.jpg 886w, https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/penal-code-1860-60x40.jpg 60w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"color: #000080;\">Buy Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 &nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ebcwebstore.com\/product_info.php?products_id=1031\" target=\"_blank\">HERE<\/a><\/h3>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ebcwebstore.com\/product_info.php?products_id=1031\" target=\"_blank\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/code-of-criminal-procedure-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"Code of Criminal Procedure\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" class=\"aligncenter size-large wp-image-294422\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/code-of-criminal-procedure-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/code-of-criminal-procedure-768x511.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/code-of-criminal-procedure-440x293.jpg 440w, https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/code-of-criminal-procedure-650x433.jpg 650w, https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/code-of-criminal-procedure.jpg 886w, https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/code-of-criminal-procedure-60x40.jpg 60w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p style=\"font-style: italic;\">In the present case, the High Court could have examined the petitioner&#8217;s grievance, since it is evident from the petition, that the petitioner sought to invoke the twin jurisdiction under Article 226 of the Constitution and Section 528 of the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023, to quash the FIR.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":67520,"featured_media":359621,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3,9],"tags":[12141,70595,58008,40866,34505,21114,77387,5363],"class_list":["post-359614","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-casebriefs","category-supremecourt","tag-article-226","tag-bharatiya-nagarik-suraksha-sanhita-2023","tag-cognizance-of-offence","tag-justice-dipankar-datta","tag-justice-prashant-kumar-mishra","tag-quashing-of-fir","tag-section-528-bnss","tag-supreme-court"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v26.4 (Yoast SEO v26.4) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>SC on Using Article 226 to Quash FIR once cognizance is taken| SCC Times<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Supreme Court ruled on using Article 226 to Quash FIR and stated that the FIR can&#039;t be quashed under Article 226 after cognizance is taken; 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