{"id":357186,"date":"2025-08-20T17:30:05","date_gmt":"2025-08-20T12:00:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/?p=357186"},"modified":"2025-08-20T17:37:08","modified_gmt":"2025-08-20T12:07:08","slug":"india-sc-directives-rabies-control-stray-dogs-management-legal-administrative-update","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2025\/08\/20\/india-sc-directives-rabies-control-stray-dogs-management-legal-administrative-update\/","title":{"rendered":"Amid ongoing Stray Dogs debate, Government outlines strategy to manage Stray Dogs and Rabies"},"content":{"rendered":"<div style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;\">\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">In light of the recent <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Supreme Court<\/span> directive urging states to balance public safety with animal welfare in managing the <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">stray dog population<\/span>, the legal and policy framework surrounding rabies control and stray dog management has gained renewed attention. While the issue evokes strong public sentiments, the legal and administrative response is rooted in a structured framework that balances public health, animal welfare, and constitutional mandates.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">The menace created due to rising bite incidents and public health concerns has prompted a response from both the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare and the Ministry of Fisheries, Animal Husbandry and Dairying, reflecting a multi-sectoral approach to a complex challenge.<\/p>\n<h3>Administrative approach:<\/h3>\n<p>The Government&#8217;s efforts to combat rabies and manage the stray dog population reflect a robust and evolving administrative framework. Key initiatives are led by the Ministry of Health &amp; Family Welfare through:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"list-style-type: disc;\">\n<li>\n<p style=\"font-weight: bold;\">National Rabies Control Programme (&#8216;NRCP&#8217;)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p style=\"font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 3%;\">National Action Plan for Dog-Mediated Rabies Elimination (&#8216;NAPRE&#8217;)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">These programs aim to strengthen surveillance, improve access to treatment, and raise public awareness across all States and Union Territories.<\/p>\n<p>Under the <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">National Health Mission (&#8216;NHM&#8217;)<\/span>, States and UTs receive budgetary support to carry out rabies control activities. Key provisions include:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"list-style-type: disc;\">\n<li>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Free supply of Anti-Rabies Vaccine (&#8216;ARV&#8217;)<\/span> and <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Rabies Immunoglobulin (&#8216;RIG&#8217;)<\/span> via the <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">National Free Drug Initiative<\/span>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">Inclusion of ARV and RIG in <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">National and State Essential Drug Lists<\/span>, ensuring consistent availability in public health facilities.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>To improve treatment outcomes and streamline service delivery, the government is:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"list-style-type: disc;\">\n<li>\n<p>Establishing <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Model Anti-Rabies Clinics<\/span> and <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">wound-washing facilities<\/span> in key locations.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>Conducting <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">training programs<\/span> for healthcare professionals to ensure proper bite management and vaccine administration.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">Supporting <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">data entry systems<\/span>, <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">review meetings<\/span>, and <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">monitoring mechanisms<\/span> to enhance operational efficiency.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">Alongside, the Central Government has revised its <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Scheme for Birth Control and Immunization of Stray Dogs and Cats<\/span>, implemented through the <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Animal Welfare Board of India (&#8216;AWBI&#8217;)<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p>This scheme provides:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"list-style-type: disc;\">\n<li>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">&#8377;800 per dog<\/span> and <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">&#8377;600 per cat<\/span> for sterilization and vaccination procedures.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>A <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">one-time infrastructure grant of &#8377;2 crore<\/span> for State-run veterinary hospitals to develop surgical theatres, kennels, and recovery units.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Shelter establishment support<\/span> of up to <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">&#8377;15 lakh for small animals<\/span> and <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">&#8377;27 lakh for large animals<\/span>, available to Urban Local Bodies, Societies for Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (SPCAs), and recognized Animal Welfare Organizations.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Legal Framework<\/h3>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">To address the issue with legal clarity, the Central Government notified the <a href=\"http:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink\/dFG6Won8\" target=\"_blank\"><span class=\"Hyperlink\" style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Animal Birth Control Rules, 2023<\/span><\/a>, under the <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002776238\" target=\"_blank\">Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act, 1960<\/a><\/span>. These rules are aligned with international standards set by the <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">World Organisation for Animal Health (WOAH)<\/span>, advocating the <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Capture Neuter Vaccinate Release<\/span> approach.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">Since stray dog management falls under the subject of <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">State Governments<\/span>, the Rules mandate that <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">local bodies<\/span> and <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Urban Local Bodies<\/span> to implement sterilization and vaccination programs in collaboration with <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">recognized Animal Welfare Organizations (&#8216;AWOs&#8217;)<\/span>.<\/p>\n<h3>Key mandates under the Animal Birth Control Rules include:<\/h3>\n<ul style=\"list-style-type: disc;\">\n<li>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Sterilization and vaccination programmes<\/span> led by Urban Local Bodies in collaboration with animal welfare organizations.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>Issue Advisories Local Bodies to sterilize <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">at least 70% of stray dogs<\/span>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">Establishment of <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Animal Birth Control units<\/span> across cities and towns.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Judicial Intervention:<\/h3>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">In a notable judicial turn, on 11-08-2025 the Supreme Court, in <span style=\"font-style: italic;\">suo motu<\/span> proceedings on stray dogs sparked by public safety concerns, ordered the removal of stray dogs from public areas in Delhi-NCR to shelter homes. The case, however, took a new direction when the matter was reassigned from a two-Judge bench to a three-Judge bench.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;\">In re. City Hounded by Strays, Kids pay Price<\/span> <a href=\"http:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink\/yJ2PEOv8\" target=\"_blank\"><span class=\"Hyperlink\" style=\"font-weight: bold;\">2025 SCC OnLine SC 1688<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">A three-Judge Bench comprising Vikram Nath, Sandeep Mehta, and Justice NV Anjaria, JJ., heard pleas challenging the directions issued on 11-08-2025 for relocating stray dogs in Delhi-NCR to designated shelters. After extensive arguments, the Bench reserved its order on the stay applications and issued directives. [<span style=\"font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;\">In re. City Hounded by Strays, Kids pay Price<\/span> <a href=\"http:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink\/yJ2PEOv8\" target=\"_blank\"><span class=\"Hyperlink\" style=\"font-weight: bold;\">2025 SCC OnLine SC 1688<\/span><\/a>]<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">Also Read: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2025\/08\/14\/supreme-court-stray-dog-case-development-and-updates\/\" target=\"_blank\">The Stray Dog Case Explained: Key Developments and Updates.<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">The Rajasthan High Court had also taken <span style=\"font-style: italic;\">suo motu<\/span> cognizance of the growing menace posed by stray animals, particularly dogs and cattle, on public roads and highways. Citing rising incidents of bites and accidents, the Division Bench of <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Justices Kuldeep Mathur and Ravi Chirania<\/span> directed municipal bodies to conduct special drives for their removal while ensuring minimal harm. Authorities were also instructed to improve shelter facilities and enforce public safety measures. [<span style=\"font-style: italic;\">Suo Motu v. Ministry of Road Transport and Highways, Government of India<\/span>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink\/P7f2EJcP\" target=\"_blank\">2025 SCC OnLine Raj 3831<\/a>]<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">Read More: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2025\/08\/12\/rajasthan-high-court-suo-motu-cognizance-stray-animal-menace-public-roads\/\" target=\"_blank\">Rajasthan HC takes suo motu cognizance of stray animal menace on public roads; Issues directions to Municipal bodies for their removal<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p style=\"font-style: italic;\">Coordinated legal, administrative, and judicial responses to stray dog issues and rabies prevention amid rising public health concerns<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":67525,"featured_media":357194,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1188,2],"tags":[82645,4002,87578,87581,87580,37264,72665,3518,87576,87577,10041,87579],"class_list":["post-357186","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-hot_off_the_press","category-news","tag-animal-birth-control-rules","tag-animal-welfare","tag-dog-bite-victim-rights","tag-dog-population-control-policy","tag-ministry-of-animal-husbandry","tag-ministry-of-health-and-family-welfare","tag-ministry-of-housing-and-urban-affairs","tag-public_health","tag-rabies-control","tag-stray-dog-legal-updates","tag-stray-dogs","tag-supreme-court-stray-dog-case"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v26.4 (Yoast SEO v26.4) - 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of Kerala to file response on the news of politicians beating up stray dogs to death in the State","author":"Prachi Bhardwaj","date":"October 5, 2016","format":false,"excerpt":"Supreme Court: Taking note of certain photographs which carry the caption \u201cKerala Politicians beat street dogs to death, hang them on a pole and take out a parade\u201d, the Court asked the State of Kerala to file the response in that regard within three weeks. The Court also clarified that\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Case Briefs&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/Supreme-Court_Colour.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/Supreme-Court_Colour.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/Supreme-Court_Colour.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/Supreme-Court_Colour.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/Supreme-Court_Colour.jpg?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":299663,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2023\/08\/19\/delhi-high-court-sterilisation-immunisation-dogs-important-public-function-legal-updates\/","url_meta":{"origin":357186,"position":1},"title":"[Stray Dog Birth Control] Sterilization and immunization of stray dogs is an important public function: Delhi High Court","author":"Arunima","date":"August 19, 2023","format":false,"excerpt":"The main grievance of the petitioner is non-compliance with rules made under the Prevention of Cruelty to Animal Act, 1960 i.e. The Animal Birth Control (Dog) Rules, 2001 that states taking up regular sterilization and immunization programmes of stray dogs, in order to curtail the growing population of stray dogs.","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Case Briefs&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"delhi high court","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/delhi-high-court.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/delhi-high-court.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/delhi-high-court.webp?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/delhi-high-court.webp?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":250683,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2021\/07\/02\/stray-dogs\/","url_meta":{"origin":357186,"position":2},"title":"Del HC | Stray Dogs have right to food and citizens have right to feed | Indispensable 22 Guidelines on Feeding of Stray Dogs [Momentous Ruling]","author":"Bhumika Indulia","date":"July 2, 2021","format":false,"excerpt":"Delhi High Court: J.R. Midha, J., in a very significant ruling issued guidelines with regard to the feeding of stray dogs and directions for their welfare. In the present matter, plaintiff approached the Court to restrain defendant 1 from feeding the stray dogs near the entrance\/exit of the suit property.\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Case Briefs&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":214771,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2019\/05\/17\/mp-hc-no-orders-passed-in-pil-as-municipal-corpn-undertook-satisfactory-measures-to-manage-stray-animals-and-allied-problems\/","url_meta":{"origin":357186,"position":3},"title":"MP HC | No orders passed in PIL as municipal corpn. undertook satisfactory measures to manage stray animals and allied problems","author":"Bhumika Indulia","date":"May 17, 2019","format":false,"excerpt":"Madhya Pradesh High Court: A Division Bench of S.C. Sharma and Virendra Singh, JJ. contemplated a petition by way of Public Interest Litigation in 2013 and sought directions to the State for necessary action to control and prevent rabies to the resident by the expanded population of stray dogs in\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Case Briefs&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":355533,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2025\/08\/04\/kerala-hc-defers-stray-dogs-euthanasia\/","url_meta":{"origin":357186,"position":4},"title":"\u2018Need to strike a balance between animal and human rights\u2019; Kerala HC defers Govt. Order allowing euthanasia of stray dogs","author":"Editor","date":"August 4, 2025","format":false,"excerpt":"\u201cWhile animal rights are necessary and must be respected, they cannot trump the fundamental rights of human beings. 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