{"id":357091,"date":"2025-08-20T09:30:36","date_gmt":"2025-08-20T04:00:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/?p=357091"},"modified":"2025-08-19T18:44:16","modified_gmt":"2025-08-19T13:14:16","slug":"merchant-shipping-act-india-maritime-reform-seafarer-welfare","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2025\/08\/20\/merchant-shipping-act-india-maritime-reform-seafarer-welfare\/","title":{"rendered":"Modern Maritime Governance takes shape under Merchant Shipping Act, 2025"},"content":{"rendered":"<div style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;\">\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">On 18-8-2025, the Government issued the <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Merchant Shipping Act, 2025<\/span> aimed at streamlining maritime governance with a modern and internationally compliant framework. First introduced on 10-12-2024, the Act replaces the <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Merchant Shipping Act of 1958<\/span>, which had become outdated and fragmented in its approach to contemporary maritime challenges.<\/p>\n<h3>Background:<\/h3>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">While introducing as bill, Shri Sarbananda Sonowal, Union Minister of Ports, Shipping &amp; Waterways (MoPSW), described the <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Merchant Shipping Act, 2025<\/span> as a framework designed to align India&#8217;s maritime laws with global standards and strengthen the country&#8217;s position as a trusted maritime trade hub.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">The earlier act had evolved into a cumbersome and fragmented legal instrument, addressing the complexities of modern maritime operations and fell short of meeting India&#8217;s commitments under core <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">International Maritime Organization<\/span> (&#8216;IMO&#8217;) conventions.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">The Lok Sabha passed the <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Bill<\/span> on 6-8-2025, and Rajya Sabha on 11-8-2025. The new framework reflects a deliberate effort to modernize and rationalize maritime legislation, ensuring that it is both responsive to contemporary challenges and compliant with international best practices.<\/p>\n<h3>Key highlights of the Merchant Shipping Act:<\/h3>\n<ol style=\"list-style-type: decimal;\">\n<li>\n<p>The Act is a significantly restructured legal framework, organized into <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">16 Parts<\/span> and comprising <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">325 clauses<\/span>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>The Act aims to align Indian shipping regulations with international maritime conventions such as:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"list-style-type: disc;\">\n<li>\n<p>SOLAS (Safety of Life at Sea),<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>MARPOL (Marine Pollution),<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>STCW (Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping),<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>MLC (Maritime Labour Convention).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>The Act applies to:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"list-style-type: disc;\">\n<li>\n<p>any vessel registered in India<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>any vessel which is required by this Act to be so registered<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>The Government will establish <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">National Shipping Board<\/span>, consisting of:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"list-style-type: disc;\">\n<li>\n<p>Members of Parliament,<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>Members appointed representing Central Government, Ship Owners, Seafarers.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>The maritime administration will be strengthened through the appointment of a <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Director-General of Maritime Administration<\/span>, who will oversee the implementation of the Act. Additionally, the government will establish offices such as the <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Mercantile Marine Department and Shipping Offices<\/span> at major ports across the country to support administrative functions.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>The Act mandates the registration of all Indian vessels and outlines detailed provisions for provisional, temporary, and foreign chartered vessel registration. It also includes rules governing the transfer, mortgage, and closure of vessel registrations to ensure transparency and legal clarity.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>In terms of seafarer welfare and rights, it sets the <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">minimum age for employment onboard vessels at 16 years<\/span>, requiring all seafarers to be medically fit and to undergo mandatory training and certification.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>Employment agreements will be compulsory, and ship owners will ensure monthly wage payments, with interest applicable in case of delays. Seafarers will be entitled to paid leave, repatriation, and compensation in the event of vessel loss, also guaranteed with occupational health standards, access to medical care, and social security benefits for seafarers.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>To enhance safety and security, the Act enforces compliance with international safety conventions. It requires vessels to hold mandatory certificates related to stability, load lines, and seaworthiness, including provisions for reporting maritime incidents and for rendering assistance at sea when necessary.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>Environmental protection is a key focus of the Act, mandating compliance with international conventions such as <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">MARPOL, the Ballast Water Management Convention, and the Anti-Fouling Systems Convention<\/span>. Vessels will be required to obtain pollution prevention certificates, and ports are required to provide adequate reception facilities.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>Regarding liability and compensation, the Act introduces fault-based liability for collisions and maritime accidents, incorporating the <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Limitation of Liability for Maritime Claims<\/span> (&#8216;LLMC&#8217;) Convention and requires mandatory insurance coverage for oil and bunker pollution. Compensation mechanisms are established through international funds, and claimants are allowed to take direct legal action against insurers.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>In the event of marine casualties and emergencies, this legislation provides for the appointment of nodal authorities to coordinate response efforts, outlining defined protocols for investigation and mandates insurance coverage for marine incidents.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>The Act mandates the reporting and removal of wrecks and places liability on ship owners for hazardous wrecks addressing wreck and salvage operations. <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Salvage rights are recognized, and mechanisms for dispute resolution are provided.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>Fishing and small vessels will be regulated through safety and certification requirements. Crew agreements and insurance coverage are mandatory, and provisions are made for data reporting and the detention of non-compliant vessels.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>This legislation prescribes fines and imprisonment for violations, holds companies accountable for offences, and empowers designated officers and courts to enforce its provisions.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>Once notified, the Act will repeal, the following:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"list-style-type: disc;\">\n<li>\n<p>The <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002948219\" target=\"_blank\">Merchant Shipping Act, 1958<\/a> (except Part XIV but not including section 411-A therein) and<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>Coasting Vessels Act, 1838.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p style=\"font-style: italic;\">The Merchant Shipping Act, 2025 marks a pivotal shift in India&#8217;s maritime governance, replacing the decades-old 1958 framework with a modern, globally aligned legal structure that champions safety, sustainability, and the growth of the blue economy.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":67525,"featured_media":357096,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[4,13],"tags":[32424,87491,87496,8832,87497,42338,87500,87494,16271,87501,87499,87493,87498,87495,87492],"class_list":["post-357091","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-legislationupdates","category-statutes","tag-environmental-protection","tag-india-shipping-legislation","tag-international-maritime-standards","tag-marine-pollution","tag-maritime-administration","tag-maritime-law","tag-maritime-liability","tag-maritime-safety","tag-merchant-shipping-act","tag-parliament-monsoon-session","tag-salvage-rights","tag-seafarer-welfare","tag-shipping-compliance","tag-shipping-governance","tag-vessel-registration"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium 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 Shipping (Maritime Labour) Amendment Rules, 2021","author":"Prachi Bhardwaj","date":"June 30, 2021","format":false,"excerpt":"The Central Government in exercise of the powers conferred by section 218A read with section 457 of the Merchant Shipping Act, 1958 (44 of 1958) makes Merchant Shipping (Maritime Labour) Amendment Rules, 2021 to amend the Merchant Shipping (Maritime Labour) Rules, 2016. They shall be deemed to have come into\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Legislation Updates&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Legislation Updates","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/legislationupdates\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":254476,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2021\/09\/20\/know-all-about-indias-present-stance-in-maritime-sector-in-this-conversation-with-sindhura-polepalli\/","url_meta":{"origin":357091,"position":1},"title":"Know All About India&#8217;s Present Stance in Maritime Sector in this conversation with Sindhura Polepalli","author":"Bhumika Indulia","date":"September 20, 2021","format":false,"excerpt":"Interviewed by Achintaya Soni","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Interviews&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Interviews","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/interviews\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/MicrosoftTeams-image-32.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/MicrosoftTeams-image-32.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/MicrosoftTeams-image-32.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/MicrosoftTeams-image-32.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/MicrosoftTeams-image-32.jpg?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":302257,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2023\/09\/25\/ownership-and-protection-of-wrecks-beyond-the-limits-of-national-maritime-jurisdiction\/","url_meta":{"origin":357091,"position":2},"title":"Ownership and Protection of Wrecks Beyond the Limits of National Maritime Jurisdiction","author":"Bhumika Indulia","date":"September 25, 2023","format":false,"excerpt":"by Manish Kumar Singh\u2020","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Op Eds&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Op Eds","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/op-ed\/legal-analysis\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"ownership and protection","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/ownership-and-protection.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/ownership-and-protection.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/ownership-and-protection.webp?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/ownership-and-protection.webp?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":232071,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2020\/07\/10\/shipping-ministry-issues-draft-aids-to-navigation-bill-2020-for-public-consultation\/","url_meta":{"origin":357091,"position":3},"title":"Shipping Ministry issues draft \u201cAids to Navigation Bill 2020\u201d for public consultation","author":"Bhumika Indulia","date":"July 10, 2020","format":false,"excerpt":"Legislation aims to replace over 90 year old Lighthouse Act,1927 In accordance with Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi\u2019s vision for\u00a0augmenting\u00a0people\u2019s participation\u00a0and transparency in the governance, Ministry of Shipping has\u00a0issued the draft of\u00a0Aids to Navigation Bill, 2020\u00a0for\u00a0suggestions from the\u00a0stakeholders and general\u00a0public. The draft bill\u00a0is proposed to\u00a0replace the almost nine decades old\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Legislation Updates&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Legislation Updates","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/legislationupdates\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":172954,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2017\/12\/02\/india-re-elected-member-international-maritime-council-2-years-2018-19\/","url_meta":{"origin":357091,"position":4},"title":"India re-elected as Member of International Maritime Council for 2 years (2018-19)","author":"Saba","date":"December 2, 2017","format":false,"excerpt":"India has been re-elected to the Council of the International Maritime Organization [IMO] under Category \u201cB\u201d at the 30th session of the Assembly of the IMO held in London on 01 December, 2017. The IMO Council consists of 40 member countries. 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