{"id":356730,"date":"2025-08-14T18:00:23","date_gmt":"2025-08-14T12:30:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/?p=356730"},"modified":"2025-08-21T09:51:02","modified_gmt":"2025-08-21T04:21:02","slug":"written-agreement-not-necessary-for-mubaraat-divorce-muslim-law","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2025\/08\/14\/written-agreement-not-necessary-for-mubaraat-divorce-muslim-law\/","title":{"rendered":"Written agreement not necessary for divorce by \u2018Mubaraat\u2019 under Muslim Law: Gujarat HC"},"content":{"rendered":"<div style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;\">\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Gujarat High Court:<\/span> In an appeal against the Family Court order dated 19-4-2025, wherein the appellants\u2019 plea for declaration of dissolution of marriage by \u2018Mubaraat\u2019 was dismissed, the Division Bench of <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">A.Y. Kogje*<\/span> and N.S. Sanjay Gowda, JJ, held that an agreement of \u2018Mubaraat\u2019 was not required to be in a written format to be considered a valid procedure for divorce by mutual consent.Thus, the Court remanded the case back to Family Court, holding that the Family Court had jurisdiction under Section <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001572306\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">7<\/a> of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002808783\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Family Courts Act, 1984<\/a> (the Act) to adjudge the suit.<\/p>\n<h3>Background<\/h3>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">Appellant 1 and 2 were married with 3 children born out of wedlock. Due to constant conflicts, the appellants could not sustain their married life together and had therefore, decided to mutually dissolve their marriage. They had approached the Family Court for declaration of dissolution of marriage by \u2018Mubaraat\u2019 under the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002935518\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Muslim Personal Law (Shariat) Application Act, 1937<\/a> but the Family Court vide order dated 19-4-2025 had dismissed the suit treating it as not maintainable.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">The Family Court had opined that the suit was in the nature of dissolution of marriage which fell squarely within the domain of Muslim Personal Law and the Family Court had no jurisdiction to entertain the same. Furthermore, the Family Court had held that a \u2018Mubaraat Agreement\u2019 in a written form was sine qua non for dissolving a Muslim marriage by mutual consent.<\/p>\n<h3>Analysis, Law and Decision<\/h3>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">The Court in the instant case, referred to various texts and sources of Muslim Law and noted that over 130 verses of Quran support \u2018Mubaraat\u2019 as a valid procedure for mutual separation. Thus, the parties are at liberty to agree to mutually dissolve a Muslim marriage when it has come to its end. The Court opined that, based on the several texts analysed by the Court, there was nothing to suggest that a written agreement of \u2018Mubaraat\u2019 was necessary for dissolving a marriage or that there was a prevailing practice of maintaining a record register of mutually dissolved Nikkah.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">The Court further noted that even though Muslim marriage is generally registered in a register maintained by a local body on the basis of which a Nikahnama is issued, such registration is not mandatory. The Nikahnama so issued is only a declaration of agreement of marriage entered into between parties. The Court held that thus, for dissolution of marriage as well, expression of mutual consent between parties is sufficient and an agreement in a written format is not essential.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">The Court further held that the logic given by the Family Court with regard to registering of a Muslim marriage under a register to treat it as a written contract was erroneous since such register and Nikahnama only recognises the agreement entered into by the parties to the marriage and does not make a Nikahnama or registration of a Nikah part of an essential process of Nikah. Similarly, a written agreement is not an essential requirement for dissolution of marriage by \u2018Mubaraat\u2019.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">Furthermore, the Court opined that suit before the Family Court was for declaration of dissolution of marriage and not for dissolving the marriage per se. As such, Explanation (b) of Section 7 of the Act, confers jurisdiction upon the Family Court to declare validity of marriage or marital status of a person. Therefore, the Court held that the suit before the Family Court was maintainable as it fell within the confines of Section 7 of the Act.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">Accordingly, the Court remanded the matter back to the Family Court to be tried on merits. The Court further directed the Family Court to conclude the proceedings within three months from date of receipt of the instant order.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">[<span style=\"font-weight: bold; color: #632423;\">X v. Y., <a href=\"http:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink\/41JgqT52\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2025 SCC OnLine Guj 3339<\/a>, decided on 23-7-2025<\/span>]<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 18pt;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000080;\">Order by: Justice A.Y. Kogje<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p>Advocates who appeared in this case:<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 18pt;\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">For the Appellant:<\/span> Samrat R. Upadhyay, Advocate.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 18pt;\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">For the Respondent:<\/span> Urvashi Purohit, AGP<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p style=\"font-style: italic;\">&#8220;When parties to the Muslim marriage come to an agreement to mutually dissolve their Nikah, they are at liberty to do so, and by virtue of this mutual agreement (Mubaraat), the Nikah stands dissolved.&#8221;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":67011,"featured_media":356747,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3,10],"tags":[13241,3096,87270,87271,87272,30173,87273,87274],"class_list":["post-356730","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-casebriefs","category-highcourts","tag-divorce-by-mutual-consent","tag-Gujarat_High_Court","tag-justice-a-y-kogje","tag-justice-n-s-sanjay-gowda","tag-mubaraat","tag-muslim-personal-law","tag-written-agreement","tag-written-agreement-for-mubaraat"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v26.4 (Yoast SEO v26.4) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Written agreement not necessary for Mubaraat divorce| SCC Times<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Gujarat High Court held that 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endorsement of extrajudicial divorce","author":"Editor","date":"December 1, 2021","format":false,"excerpt":"Kerala High Court: The Division Bench of A. Muhamed Mustaque and Kauser Edappagath, JJ., issued detailed guidelines for Family Courts for speedy disposal of petitions seeking the judicial endorsement of extra-judicial divorce. The unilateral extrajudicial divorce under Muslim Personal law is complete when either of the spouse pronounce\/declare talaq, talaq-e-tafweez\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Case Briefs&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":208245,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2019\/01\/16\/guj-hc-bail-granted-on-ground-of-bald-allegations-in-fir\/","url_meta":{"origin":356730,"position":4},"title":"Guj HC | Bail granted on ground of bald allegations in FIR","author":"Bhumika Indulia","date":"January 16, 2019","format":false,"excerpt":"Gujarat High Court: The Bench of A.Y. Kogje, J., allowed the application for bail sought under Section 439 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 for regular bail in connection with FIR registered for the offence punishable under Sections 395, 397 and 452 of the Indian Penal Code and under\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Case Briefs&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/1200px-Gujarat-High-Court-1.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/1200px-Gujarat-High-Court-1.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/1200px-Gujarat-High-Court-1.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/1200px-Gujarat-High-Court-1.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/1200px-Gujarat-High-Court-1.jpg?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":294551,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2023\/06\/14\/live-in-partner-cannot-claim-divorce-kerala-high-court\/","url_meta":{"origin":356730,"position":5},"title":"Live-in partner cannot claim divorce as live-in relationships are not recognized as marriage in India: Kerala High Court","author":"Ridhi","date":"June 14, 2023","format":false,"excerpt":"Kerala High Court noted that the Family Court had no jurisdiction to entertain such a claim for divorce in the first place because the enactment was made for resolving disputes related to family affairs and marriage recognized by law.","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Case Briefs&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"kerala high court","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/kerala-high-court.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/kerala-high-court.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/kerala-high-court.webp?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/kerala-high-court.webp?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x"},"classes":[]}],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/356730","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/67011"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=356730"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/356730\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/356747"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=356730"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=356730"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=356730"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}