{"id":356574,"date":"2025-08-13T16:30:17","date_gmt":"2025-08-13T11:00:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/?p=356574"},"modified":"2025-08-21T09:38:08","modified_gmt":"2025-08-21T04:08:08","slug":"uttaranchal-hc-refers-matter-to-larger-bench-bnss-prevails-over-state-amendment-under-crpc","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2025\/08\/13\/uttaranchal-hc-refers-matter-to-larger-bench-bnss-prevails-over-state-amendment-under-crpc\/","title":{"rendered":"\u2018Does S. 482 BNSS takes precedence over stricter State amendment to S. 438 CrPC?\u2019 Uttaranchal High Court refers matter to larger bench"},"content":{"rendered":"<style>\n.animate-charcter{background-image: linear-gradient(-225deg, #231557 0%, #44107a 29%, #ff1361 67%, #fff800 100%); background-size: 200% auto; -webkit-background-clip: text; -webkit-text-fill-color: transparent; animation: textclip 0s linear infinite;}<br \/>@keyframes textclip {to {background-position: 200% center;}}<br \/><\/style>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;\">\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Uttaranchal High Court:<\/span> In a batch of anticipatory bail applications filed by the applicants, the Single-Judge Bench of Alok Kumar Verma, J., while hearing a preliminary objection on their maintainability, referred the matter to a larger bench. The Court held that the provisions of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-9001804327\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023<\/a> (\u2018BNSS\u2019) should prevail over the earlier Uttarakhand State Amendment to Section <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001519739\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">438<\/a> of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002726935\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Criminal Procedure Code, 1973<\/a> (\u2018CrPC\u2019). The Court noted that the BNSS, being a more liberal law, is beneficial to the accused and should apply regardless of when the case originated.<\/p>\n<h3>Background<\/h3>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">Multiple Anticipatory Bail Applications were filed before the Court under Section <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-9001804219\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">482<\/a> of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-9001804327\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">BNSS<\/a> in various matters related to different offences. The State amendment to Section <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001519739\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">438<\/a> of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002726935\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CrPC<\/a>, as introduced by the State, made the provision of anticipatory bail inapplicable to several offences, including those under the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002825996\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Protection of Children from Sexual Offences Act, 2012<\/a>, the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002802179\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act, 1985<\/a>, and the Uttarakhand Gangsters and Anti-Social Activities (Prevention) Act, 1986. Therefore, it was argued that these anticipatory bail applications were liable to be rejected.<\/p>\n<h3>Analysis and Decision<\/h3>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">The Court noted that the main issue was the applicability of Section <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001519739\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">438<\/a> of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002726935\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CrPC<\/a>, as amended by the State, and the BNSS, to ongoing proceedings.<\/p>\n<p>The court emphasised that,<\/p>\n<p class=\"animate-charcter\" style=\"margin-bottom: 3%; margin-left: 36pt; font-style: italic;\">\u201cThe provision of anticipatory bail is rooted in the fundamental right to personal liberty. It is a pre-emptive measure to safeguard personal liberty against false accusation or misuse of the law. Anticipatory bail is a safeguard against arbitrary arrest. Liberty is the very quintessence of a civilized existence. The BNSS is also upholding the importance of protecting personal liberty. The restrictions on granting anticipatory bail under Section <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001519739\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">438(6)<\/a> of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002726935\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CrPC<\/a> (as amended by the State of Uttarakhand) are no longer in effect.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>The Court noted that the \u2018principle of implied repeal\u2019 or \u2018repeal by necessary implication\u2019 may be applied to determine repugnancy for the purpose of Article <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001575055\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">254(2)<\/a> of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002726967\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Constitution<\/a>. The Court further noted that,<\/p>\n<p class=\"animate-charcter\" style=\"margin-bottom: 3%; margin-left: 36pt; font-style: italic;\">\u201cIf the Parliament, in exercising its power under proviso to Article 254(2) makes a law adding, amending or repealing the law, predominance secured by the State law by the assent of the President is taken away and the repugnant State law though it became valid by virtue of President\u2019s assent would be void.\u201d<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">The Court noted that the State has not made any amendment to Section <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-9001804219\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">482<\/a> of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-9001804327\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">BNSS<\/a>, after its enactment, suggesting a conscious decision to remove the prohibition from Section <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001519739\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">438(6)<\/a> of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002726935\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CrPC<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">The Court further noted that in <span style=\"font-style: italic;\">M. Ravindran<\/span> v. <span style=\"font-style: italic;\">Directorate of Revenue Intelligence<\/span>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink\/Rb1juog0\">(2021) 2 SCC 485<\/a>, the Supreme Court held that in case of ambiguity in a penal statute, courts must favour interpretations that protect the rights of the accused. Further in <span style=\"font-style: italic;\">T. Barai<\/span> v. <span style=\"font-style: italic;\">Henry Ah Hoe<\/span>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink\/mx8GI014\">(1983) 1 SCC 177<\/a>, it was held that when a later statute provides a more liberal procedure or reduced punishment, the accused should benefit from it, regardless of when their case originated.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">The Court observed that the accused should be entitled to the benefit of the more liberal provisions introduced by the BNSS.<\/p>\n<p>The Court referred the matter to a larger bench to determine the following question of law:<\/p>\n<p class=\"animate-charcter\" style=\"margin-bottom: 3%; margin-left: 36pt; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;\">\u201cWhether the provision of Section <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-9001804219\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">482<\/a> of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-9001804327\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023<\/a> would prevail over the Uttarakhand State Amendment under Section <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001519739\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">438<\/a> of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002726935\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973<\/a> and since the provisions of the Sanhita, 2023 are beneficial to the accused, can it be applied with respect to earlier cases (regardless of when the case of the accused originated)?\u201d.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">The registry was directed to place the matter before the Chief Justice for an appropriate order.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">[<span style=\"font-weight: bold; color: #632423;\">Harish Kumar Prajapati v. Central Bureau of Investigation, Anti Corruption Branch, Dehradun, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink\/2694M594\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2025 SCC OnLine Utt 2524<\/a>, decided on 04-08-2025<\/span>]<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p>Advocates who appeared in this case:<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 18pt;\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">For the Petitioner:<\/span> Prabha Nainthani, Advocate<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 18pt;\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">For the Respondent:<\/span> Piyush Garg, Advocate<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"color: #000080;\">Buy Protection of Children from Sexual Offences Act, 2012 \u00a0 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ebcwebstore.com\/product_info.php?products_id=1309\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">HERE<\/a><\/h3>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ebcwebstore.com\/product_info.php?products_id=1309\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-large wp-image-294600\" src=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/protection-of-children-from-sexual-offences-act-2012-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"protection of children from sexual offences act, 2012\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/protection-of-children-from-sexual-offences-act-2012-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/protection-of-children-from-sexual-offences-act-2012-768x511.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/protection-of-children-from-sexual-offences-act-2012-440x293.jpg 440w, https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/protection-of-children-from-sexual-offences-act-2012-650x433.jpg 650w, https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/protection-of-children-from-sexual-offences-act-2012.jpg 886w, https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/protection-of-children-from-sexual-offences-act-2012-60x40.jpg 60w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"color: #000080;\">Buy Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 \u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ebcwebstore.com\/product_info.php?products_id=1031\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">HERE<\/a><\/h3>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ebcwebstore.com\/product_info.php?products_id=1031\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-large wp-image-294422\" src=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/code-of-criminal-procedure-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"Code of Criminal Procedure\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/code-of-criminal-procedure-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/code-of-criminal-procedure-768x511.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/code-of-criminal-procedure-440x293.jpg 440w, https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/code-of-criminal-procedure-650x433.jpg 650w, https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/code-of-criminal-procedure.jpg 886w, https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/code-of-criminal-procedure-60x40.jpg 60w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p style=\"font-style: italic;\">&#8220;When the Parliament enacts more liberal provisions, the benefit thereof should be available to all persons who may be affected, regardless of when their cases originated.&#8221;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":67011,"featured_media":356577,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3,10],"tags":[13011,70595,59293,87168,76401,87169,27064,11791,77112,87166,87167,87170,2520,35263],"class_list":["post-356574","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-casebriefs","category-highcourts","tag-anticipatory-bail","tag-bharatiya-nagarik-suraksha-sanhita-2023","tag-code-of-criminal-procedure-1973","tag-implied-repeal","tag-larger-bench-reference","tag-m-ravindran","tag-personal-liberty","tag-section-438-crpc","tag-section-482-bnss","tag-state-amendment","tag-statutory-interpretation","tag-t-barai","tag-Uttarakhand_High_Court","tag-uttaranchal-high-court"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v26.4 (Yoast SEO v26.4) - 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removed statutory bar imposed by UP Amendment on anticipatory bail under S. 438(6) CrPC\u2019; Allahabad HC grants pre-arrest bail to 78-year-old man in 2011 murder","author":"Sonali Ahuja","date":"July 9, 2025","format":false,"excerpt":"\u201cThe removal of the statutory bar contained in Section 438(6) of the CrPC from the new statutory framework under the BNSS represents a conscious legislative decision to expand the scope of anticipatory bail and enhance the protection of personal liberty.\u201d","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Case Briefs&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"bar on anticipatory 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woman and her uncle","author":"Arushi","date":"September 30, 2024","format":false,"excerpt":"Section 482 of Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023 (\u2018BNSS\u2019) deleted the guiding factors which the Courts hearing anticipatory bail applications might have taken into account, such as nature and gravity of accusation, criminal antecedents, and the possibility of the accused to flee from justice.","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Case Briefs&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Chhattisgarh High Court","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Chhattisgarh-High-Court.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Chhattisgarh-High-Court.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, 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S. 18 SC\/ST Act not applicable when application filed under S. 482 of BNSS: Allahabad High Court","author":"Editor","date":"December 12, 2025","format":false,"excerpt":"In the case at hand, two people met through jeevansathi.com and subsequently physical relations were formed on various occasions on the false pretext of marriage.","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Case Briefs&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Bar of anticipatory bail under SCST Act","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Bar-of-anticipatory-bail-under-SCST-Act.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Bar-of-anticipatory-bail-under-SCST-Act.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, 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