{"id":356380,"date":"2025-08-12T12:00:17","date_gmt":"2025-08-12T06:30:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/?p=356380"},"modified":"2025-08-12T12:18:53","modified_gmt":"2025-08-12T06:48:53","slug":"the-tale-of-two-laws-does-the-dpdpa-dilute-rti-act","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2025\/08\/12\/the-tale-of-two-laws-does-the-dpdpa-dilute-rti-act\/","title":{"rendered":"The Tale of Two Laws \u2014 Does the DPDPA Dilute RTI Act?"},"content":{"rendered":"<div style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;\">\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">In the past week,<a id=\"fnref1\" title=\"1. The following news report dated 2-7-2025 which reported that the DPDPA is going to be referred to the Attorney General of India for obtaining an opinion on the fact that the DPDPA is diluting the RTI Act; Surabhi Agarwal and Suraksha P., \u201cPrivacy Act may be Sent to AG for Judging RTI Impact\u201d, The Economic Times (economictimes.indiatimes.com, 2-7-2025).\" href=\"#fn1\"><sup>1<\/sup><\/a> public discussion around the potential of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-9001593555\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">India&#8217;s Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023<\/a><a id=\"fnref2\" title=\"2. Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023.\" href=\"#fn2\"><sup>2<\/sup><\/a> (DPDPA) to \u201cdilute\u201d the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002760680\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Right to Information Act, 2005<\/a><a id=\"fnref3\" title=\"3. Right to Information Act, 2005.\" href=\"#fn3\"><sup>3<\/sup><\/a> (RTI Act) has grown shriller. The concern: DPDPA&#8217;s focus on individual privacy may now be used as a shield by public authorities to deny access to information under the RTI Act, especially where such information includes personal data of public servants. Will the tail be used to wag the dog? Is this tension real, or overstated?<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">Most laws and regulators have overlapping areas, but this does not necessarily lead to dilution. The DPDPA also has overlaps with several laws like consumer protection, competition law, privacy requirements of sectoral laws, etc. Indian jurisprudence is equipped with well-established principles of statutory interpretation such as harmonious construction, generalia specialibus non derogant<a id=\"fnref4\" title=\"4. The legal maxim \u201cgeneralia specialibus non derogant\u201d means \u201cgeneral things do not detract from special things\u201d. It is a principle of statutory interpretation used to resolve conflicts between general and specific provisions within a law or between different laws.\" href=\"#fn4\"><sup>4<\/sup><\/a> (the general does not override the specific) reading down all of which help courts interpret overlapping statutes without eroding any particular law.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">To unpack this further, we must begin by revisiting the true scope of the RTI Act. Enacted in 2005, the RTI Act was a landmark legislation intended to bring transparency into the functioning of public authorities. It empowers citizens to request a wide range of information typically relating to the use of public funds, execution of welfare schemes, project progress, or administrative decisions taken by government departments. Over the years, RTI has become a powerful instrument to hold public functionaries accountable and expose inefficiency or corruption in governance.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">Importantly, the RTI Act already contains built-in safeguards against misuse. Section 8(1)<a id=\"fnref5\" title=\"5. Right to Information Act, 2005, S. 8(1) contains scenarios\/situations wherein the public authority is exempted from disclosure of the information.\" href=\"#fn5\"><sup>5<\/sup><\/a> lays down exemptions including refusal to disclose information that could affect national security, public safety, or the privacy of individuals. Public authorities are also empowered to redact personal information from records, or reject queries that are not germane to the public interest. In practice, data about public servants such as their postings, project roles, official tours, or use of public funds is often already available in the public domain. This means that while some overlap definitely exists between the DPDPA and the RTI Act it is narrow, and has long been managed through structured redactions and sensible discretion.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">For example, if a citizen files an RTI query asking about a minister&#8217;s foreign visits, and those visits were funded by taxpayers\u2019 money, the RTI Act would rightly allow such disclosure. However, if the visit was personal and privately funded, and the citizen asked for minute details: names of family members, hotel bills, places visited or travel companions, the authority could reasonably refuse to provide this information. This principle already exists within the right to information (RTI) framework, and it does not require the DPDPA to alter the balance.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">From a structural standpoint, the RTI Act is institutional and governance-centric it deals with the public&#8217;s right to know how governments and public offices function. The DPDPA, on the other hand, is individual centric, concerned with how organisations handle personal data so as to safeguard the data principals\u2019 rights. Their objectives are fundamentally different. While RTI is about democratic transparency, the DPDPA is about safeguarding the individual\u2019s privacy rights.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">In the ultimate analysis, the DPDPA does not override or nullify the RTI Act. It merely brings sharper focus to safeguarding personal information embedded within government records. The responsibility lies with information officers, not to deny access wholesale, but to apply redactions thoughtfully and proportionately. Just as freedom of speech is not absolute and must be balanced against public order, transparency too must be balanced with privacy, especially in a digital age.<\/p>\n<p>Rather than viewing privacy and transparency as being in opposition, we should see them as complementary rights, both flowing from the Constitution<a id=\"fnref6\" title=\"6. Constitution of India.\" href=\"#fn6\"><sup>6<\/sup><\/a>. A well-run democracy needs both and the key lies not in one trumping the other, but in learning to respect the context, purpose, and limits of each.<\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; table-layout: auto; width: 159.04mm; border: 0.5pt solid #000000;\">\n<colgroup>\n<col width=\"115\" \/>\n<col width=\"203\" \/>\n<col width=\"283\" \/><\/colgroup>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"vertical-align: top; width: 30.53mm; padding: 0.0mm 3.53mm 0.0mm 0.0mm; border: 0.5pt solid #000000;\" colspan=\"1\" valign=\"top\">\n<p class=\"table_text\" style=\"line-height: 1.100000023841858; text-align: center; font-weight: bold;\">Aspect<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"vertical-align: top; width: 53.7mm; padding: 0.0mm 3.53mm 0.0mm 0.0mm; border: 0.5pt solid #000000;\" colspan=\"1\" valign=\"top\">\n<p class=\"table_text\" style=\"line-height: 1.100000023841858; text-align: center; font-weight: bold;\">RTI Act, 2005<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"vertical-align: top; width: 74.81mm; padding: 0.0mm 3.53mm 0.0mm 0.0mm; border: 0.5pt solid #000000;\" colspan=\"1\" valign=\"top\">\n<p class=\"table_text\" style=\"line-height: 1.100000023841858; text-align: center; font-weight: bold;\">DPDPA, 2023<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"vertical-align: top; width: 30.53mm; padding: 0.0mm 3.53mm 0.0mm 0.0mm; border: 0.5pt solid #000000;\" colspan=\"1\" valign=\"top\">\n<p class=\"table_text\" style=\"line-height: 1.100000023841858; text-align: center;\">Objective<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"vertical-align: top; width: 53.7mm; padding: 0.0mm 3.53mm 0.0mm 0.0mm; border: 0.5pt solid #000000;\" colspan=\"1\" valign=\"top\">\n<p class=\"table_text\" style=\"line-height: 1.100000023841858; text-align: center;\">Promote transparency and accountability in governance.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"vertical-align: top; width: 74.81mm; padding: 0.0mm 3.53mm 0.0mm 0.0mm; border: 0.5pt solid #000000;\" colspan=\"1\" valign=\"top\">\n<p class=\"table_text\" style=\"line-height: 1.100000023841858; text-align: center;\">Protect personal data and privacy of individuals.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"vertical-align: top; width: 30.53mm; padding: 0.0mm 3.53mm 0.0mm 0.0mm; border: 0.5pt solid #000000;\" colspan=\"1\" valign=\"top\">\n<p class=\"table_text\" style=\"line-height: 1.100000023841858; text-align: center;\">Focus<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"vertical-align: top; width: 53.7mm; padding: 0.0mm 3.53mm 0.0mm 0.0mm; border: 0.5pt solid #000000;\" colspan=\"1\" valign=\"top\">\n<p class=\"table_text\" style=\"line-height: 1.100000023841858; text-align: center;\">Public authorities and Government funded institutions.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"vertical-align: top; width: 74.81mm; padding: 0.0mm 3.53mm 0.0mm 0.0mm; border: 0.5pt solid #000000;\" colspan=\"1\" valign=\"top\">\n<p class=\"table_text\" style=\"line-height: 1.100000023841858; text-align: center;\">The individual and all entities possessing the individual\u2019s personal information.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"vertical-align: top; width: 30.53mm; padding: 0.0mm 3.53mm 0.0mm 0.0mm; border: 0.5pt solid #000000;\" colspan=\"1\" valign=\"top\">\n<p class=\"table_text\" style=\"line-height: 1.100000023841858; text-align: center;\">Beneficiary<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"vertical-align: top; width: 53.7mm; padding: 0.0mm 3.53mm 0.0mm 0.0mm; border: 0.5pt solid #000000;\" colspan=\"1\" valign=\"top\">\n<p class=\"table_text\" style=\"line-height: 1.100000023841858; text-align: center;\">Society and public at large.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"vertical-align: top; width: 74.81mm; padding: 0.0mm 3.53mm 0.0mm 0.0mm; border: 0.5pt solid #000000;\" colspan=\"1\" valign=\"top\">\n<p class=\"table_text\" style=\"line-height: 1.100000023841858; text-align: center;\">Individual data principals.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"vertical-align: top; width: 30.53mm; padding: 0.0mm 3.53mm 0.0mm 0.0mm; border: 0.5pt solid #000000;\" colspan=\"1\" valign=\"top\">\n<p class=\"table_text\" style=\"line-height: 1.100000023841858; text-align: center;\">Information sought<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"vertical-align: top; width: 53.7mm; padding: 0.0mm 3.53mm 0.0mm 0.0mm; border: 0.5pt solid #000000;\" colspan=\"1\" valign=\"top\">\n<p class=\"table_text\" style=\"line-height: 1.100000023841858; text-align: center;\">Institutional data, decisions, use of public funds.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"vertical-align: top; width: 74.81mm; padding: 0.0mm 3.53mm 0.0mm 0.0mm; border: 0.5pt solid #000000;\" colspan=\"1\" valign=\"top\">\n<p class=\"table_text\" style=\"line-height: 1.100000023841858; text-align: center;\">Personal information cannot be sought, used or disclosed without the consent of the data principal.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"vertical-align: top; width: 30.53mm; padding: 0.0mm 3.53mm 0.0mm 0.0mm; border: 0.5pt solid #000000;\" colspan=\"1\" valign=\"top\">\n<p class=\"table_text\" style=\"line-height: 1.100000023841858; text-align: center;\">Disclosure default<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"vertical-align: top; width: 53.7mm; padding: 0.0mm 3.53mm 0.0mm 0.0mm; border: 0.5pt solid #000000;\" colspan=\"1\" valign=\"top\">\n<p class=\"table_text\" style=\"line-height: 1.100000023841858; text-align: center;\">Favours disclosure, with exceptions.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"vertical-align: top; width: 74.81mm; padding: 0.0mm 3.53mm 0.0mm 0.0mm; border: 0.5pt solid #000000;\" colspan=\"1\" valign=\"top\">\n<p class=\"table_text\" style=\"line-height: 1.100000023841858; text-align: center;\">Favours protection, with consent-based sharing.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"vertical-align: top; width: 30.53mm; padding: 0.0mm 3.53mm 0.0mm 0.0mm; border: 0.5pt solid #000000;\" colspan=\"1\" valign=\"top\">\n<p class=\"table_text\" style=\"line-height: 1.100000023841858; text-align: center;\">Legal tension<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"vertical-align: top; width: 53.7mm; padding: 0.0mm 3.53mm 0.0mm 0.0mm; border: 0.5pt solid #000000;\" colspan=\"1\" valign=\"top\">\n<p class=\"table_text\" style=\"line-height: 1.100000023841858; text-align: center;\">Minor overlap, resolved via exemptions and redaction.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"vertical-align: top; width: 74.81mm; padding: 0.0mm 3.53mm 0.0mm 0.0mm; border: 0.5pt solid #000000;\" colspan=\"1\" valign=\"top\">\n<p class=\"table_text\" style=\"line-height: 1.100000023841858; text-align: center;\">Redactions still possible; minimal practical conflict.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<hr \/>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 18pt; text-indent: -18pt;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000080;\">*CEO, K&amp;S Digiprotect Services Pvt. Ltd. Author can be reached at: <a href=\"mailto:chandrasekhar@knsdigiprotect.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">chandrasekhar@knsdigiprotect.com<\/a>.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 18pt; text-indent: -18pt;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000080;\">**Manager, Legal &amp; Regulatory Affairs K&amp;S Digiprotect Services Pvt. Ltd. Author can be reached at: <a href=\"mailto:aman@knsdigiprotect.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">aman@knsdigiprotect.com<\/a>.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 18pt; text-indent: -18pt;\"><a id=\"fn1\" href=\"#fnref1\">1.<\/a> The following news report dated 2-7-2025 which reported that the DPDPA is going to be referred to the Attorney General of India for obtaining an opinion on the fact that the DPDPA is diluting the RTI Act; Surabhi Agarwal and Suraksha P., \u201cPrivacy Act may be Sent to AG for Judging RTI Impact\u201d, <span style=\"font-style: italic;\">The Economic Times<\/span> (economictimes.indiatimes.com, 2-7-2025).<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 18pt; text-indent: -18pt;\"><a id=\"fn2\" href=\"#fnref2\">2.<\/a> <a href=\"http:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink\/RezgfWHP\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span class=\"Hyperlink\" style=\"text-decoration: none; text-underline-style: none; text-underline-mode: continuous;\">Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023.<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 18pt; text-indent: -18pt;\"><a id=\"fn3\" href=\"#fnref3\">3.<\/a> <a href=\"http:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink\/eGSS4AH0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span class=\"Hyperlink\" style=\"text-decoration: none; text-underline-style: none; text-underline-mode: continuous;\">Right to Information Act, 2005.<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 18pt; text-indent: -18pt;\"><a id=\"fn4\" href=\"#fnref4\">4.<\/a> The legal maxim \u201cgeneralia specialibus non derogant\u201d means \u201cgeneral things do not detract from special things\u201d. It is a principle of statutory interpretation used to resolve conflicts between general and specific provisions within a law or between different laws.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 18pt; text-indent: -18pt;\"><a id=\"fn5\" href=\"#fnref5\">5.<\/a> <a href=\"http:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink\/9c1ux2GV\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span class=\"Hyperlink\" style=\"text-decoration: none; text-underline-style: none; text-underline-mode: continuous;\">Right to Information Act, 2005, S. 8(1)<\/span><\/a> contains scenarios\/situations wherein the public authority is exempted from disclosure of the information.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 18pt; text-indent: -18pt;\"><a id=\"fn6\" href=\"#fnref6\">6.<\/a> <a href=\"http:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink\/Uei3bEDC\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span class=\"Hyperlink\"><span style=\"text-decoration: none; text-underline-style: none; text-underline-mode: continuous;\">Constitution of India.<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>by S. Chandrasekhar* and Aman Varma**<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":67011,"featured_media":356387,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[42503,1191],"tags":[75185,87032,47256,11171,34671,13821],"class_list":["post-356380","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-legal-analysis","category-op-ed","tag-dpdpa","tag-indias-digital-personal-data-protection-act-2023","tag-personal-data","tag-privacy","tag-right-to-information-act-2005","tag-rti-act"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v26.4 (Yoast SEO v26.4) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>The Tale of Two Laws \u2014 Does the DPDPA Dilute RTI Act? | SCC Times<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"In the past week, public discussion around the potential of the India&#039;s Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023 (DPDPA) to \u201cdilute\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2025\/08\/12\/the-tale-of-two-laws-does-the-dpdpa-dilute-rti-act\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"The Tale of Two Laws \u2014 Does the DPDPA Dilute RTI Act?\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"In the past week, public discussion around the potential of the India&#039;s Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023 (DPDPA) to \u201cdilute\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2025\/08\/12\/the-tale-of-two-laws-does-the-dpdpa-dilute-rti-act\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"SCC Times\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/scc.online\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-08-12T06:30:17+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-08-12T06:48:53+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Does-the-DPDPA-Dilute-RTI-Act.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"886\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"590\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Editor\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:title\" content=\"The Tale of Two Laws \u2014 Does the DPDPA Dilute RTI Act?\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Editor\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"5 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2025\/08\/12\/the-tale-of-two-laws-does-the-dpdpa-dilute-rti-act\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2025\/08\/12\/the-tale-of-two-laws-does-the-dpdpa-dilute-rti-act\/\",\"name\":\"The Tale of Two Laws \u2014 Does the DPDPA Dilute RTI Act? 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