{"id":355246,"date":"2025-08-01T12:00:32","date_gmt":"2025-08-01T06:30:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/?p=355246"},"modified":"2025-08-01T11:55:16","modified_gmt":"2025-08-01T06:25:16","slug":"sc-constitutional-bar-against-retrospectively-imposing-harsher-penalty","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2025\/08\/01\/sc-constitutional-bar-against-retrospectively-imposing-harsher-penalty\/","title":{"rendered":"Constitutional bar against retrospectively imposing harsher penalty is clear and absolute: Supreme Court modifies sentence in POCSO case"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Supreme Court:<\/span> In an appeal challenging the judgment dated 5-9-2023, whereby the appellant\u2019s challenge to his conviction under Section 376-AB<\/a> of Penal Code 1860<\/a> (\u2018IPC\u2019) and Section 6<\/a> of Protection of Children from Sexual Offences Act, 2012<\/a> (\u2018POCSO Act\u2019) was dismissed, the Division Bench of Vikram Nath*<\/span> and Sandeep Mehta, JJ., stated that the constitutional bar against retrospective imposition of a harsher penalty under Article 20(1)<\/a> of Constitution<\/a> was clear and absolute. The Court stated that the sentence of “imprisonment for life, meaning remainder of natural life\u201d, as per the amended provision under Protection of Children from Sexual Offences (Amendment) Act, 2019<\/a>, did not exist in the statutory framework on the date of the incident.<\/p>\n

Accordingly, the Court upheld the appellant\u2019s conviction under Section 6<\/a> of the POCSO Act<\/a>, and modified the sentence to rigorous imprisonment for life, as understood under the unamended statute, and set aside the sentence of imprisonment for the remainder of the natural life.<\/p>\n

Background<\/h3>\n

On 26-6-2019, the prosecutrix\u2019s father lodged a FIR stating that on 20-5-2019, he, his wife, and mother went to attend a marriage ceremony in the village, leaving their two children at home. The 5 years old prosecutrix, was playing outside the house. Later, when his wife was unable to locate their daughter, she went to the appellant\u2019s house and questioned him about her whereabouts. However, upon being confronted, the appellant fled.<\/p>\n

The FIR was registered against the appellant alleging that he had lured the prosecutrix to his house and committed rape upon her. The Trial Court framed charges against the appellant under Section 376-AB<\/a> of IPC<\/a> and Section 6<\/a> of POCSO Act<\/a>. Accordingly, he was convicted and sentenced under Section 6<\/a> of POCSO Act<\/a> to life imprisonment for the remainder of his natural life, along with a fine. Chhattisgarh High Court, in the impugned judgment, affirmed the conviction and sentence.<\/p>\n

Thus, aggrieved by the said conviction and sentence, the present appeal was filed.<\/p>\n

Analysis, Law, and Decision<\/h3>\n

The Court found no merit in the challenge to conviction and confined its notice to the question of sentencing. However, the Court found merit in the appellant\u2019s submission that since the offence was committed on 20-5-2019, the amended provision of Section 6<\/a> of the Protection of Children from Sexual Offences (Amendment) Act, 2019<\/a> (\u20182019 Amendment Act\u2019), which came into force on 16-8-2019, could not have been applied to his case.<\/p>\n

The Court stated that the constitutional bar against retrospective imposition of a harsher penalty under Article 20(1)<\/a> of Constitution<\/a> was clear and absolute. The Trial Court, in applying the enhanced sentence introduced by the 2019 Amendment Act to Section 6, had effectively subjected the appellant to a punishment greater than that which was permissible under the law in force at the time of commission of the offence which was clearly violative of the bar contained in Article 20(1)<\/a> of the Constitution<\/a>.<\/p>\n

The Court stated that the sentence of “imprisonment for life, meaning remainder of natural life\u201d, as per the amended provision, did not exist in the statutory framework on 20-5-2019, the date of the incident. Under the unamended Section 6<\/a> of POCSO Act<\/a>, the maximum punishment permissible was life imprisonment in its conventional sense and not imprisonment till the remainder of natural life.<\/p>\n

Accordingly, the Court upheld the appellant\u2019s conviction under Section 6<\/a> of the POCSO Act<\/a>. Further, the Court modified the sentence to rigorous imprisonment for life, as understood under the unamended statute, and set aside the sentence of imprisonment for the remainder of the natural life. However, the fine of Rs. 10,000 was maintained.<\/p>\n

[Satauram Mandavi v. State of Chhattisgarh, 2025 SCC OnLine SC 1516<\/a>, decided on 25-7-2025<\/span>]<\/p>\n

*Judgment authored by- Justice Vikram Nath<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\n

Advocates who appeared in this case:<\/p>\n

For the Appellant:<\/span> Shalu Sharma, AOR.<\/p>\n

For the Respondents:<\/span> Atul Jha, A.A.G.; Abhishek Pandey Standing Counsel, Adv.; Prashant Kumar Umrao, AOR.<\/p>\n

Buy Protection of Children from Sexual Offences Act, 2012 \u00a0 HERE<\/a><\/h3>\n

\"protection<\/a><\/p>\n

Buy Penal Code, 1860 \u00a0 HERE<\/a><\/h3>\n

\"penal<\/a><\/p>\n

Buy Constitution of India \u00a0HERE<\/a><\/h3>\n

\"Constitution<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Since the offence was committed on 20-5-2019, the amended provision of Section 6 of the Protection of Children from Sexual Offences (Amendment) Act, 2019, which came into force on 16-8-2019, could not have been applied to his case.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":67520,"featured_media":355249,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3,9],"tags":[44058,19471,86420,55486,34871,23204,86419,86421,5363],"class_list":["post-355246","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-casebriefs","category-supremecourt","tag-article-201","tag-constitution","tag-constitutional-bar","tag-justice-sandeep-mehta","tag-justice-vikram-nath","tag-pocso","tag-retrospectively-imposing-harsher-penalty","tag-sentence-modified-in-pocso-case","tag-supreme-court"],"yoast_head":"\nSC: Bar against retrospectively imposing 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CrPC","author":"Arunima","date":"May 10, 2023","format":false,"excerpt":"Delhi High Court observed that there is no distinct category within child victims of rape as those who are married and those who are not.","rel":"","context":"In "Case Briefs"","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"delhi high court","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/delhi-high-court.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/delhi-high-court.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/delhi-high-court.webp?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/delhi-high-court.webp?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 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interpreted so as to override the scope and ambit of enabling provision, i.e., Section 42 of POCSO Act.\u201d","rel":"","context":"In "Case Briefs"","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Conviction under POCSO and IPC","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Conviction-under-POCSO-and-IPC.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Conviction-under-POCSO-and-IPC.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Conviction-under-POCSO-and-IPC.webp?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Conviction-under-POCSO-and-IPC.webp?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 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