{"id":355030,"date":"2025-07-30T16:30:41","date_gmt":"2025-07-30T11:00:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/?p=355030"},"modified":"2025-08-01T10:27:20","modified_gmt":"2025-08-01T04:57:20","slug":"calling-jk-occupied-territory-inciting-secession-unlawful-activity-jk-hc","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2025\/07\/30\/calling-jk-occupied-territory-inciting-secession-unlawful-activity-jk-hc\/","title":{"rendered":"\u2018Incitement of secession, calling J&amp;K an \u2018occupied territory\u2019 is unlawful activity\u2019; J&amp;K and Ladakh HC&nbsp;sets aside discharge of accused"},"content":{"rendered":"<div style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;\">\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Jammu &amp; Kashmir and Ladakh High Court:<\/span> The present appeal was filed by the appellant against the order of the Additional Sessions Judge (\u2018Trial Court\u2019), wherein the respondents, who were facing prosecution under Section <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001554025\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">13<\/a> of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002808781\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act, 1967<\/a> (\u2018UAPA\u2019) for delivering anti-national speech and calling for secession of Jammu and Kashmir claiming that it was illegally occupied, stood discharged. The Division Bench of Sanjeev Kumar and <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Sanjay Parihar*<\/span>, JJ., set aside the discharge and held that it was legally unsustainable and reflected a \u2018non-application of mind and erroneous application of law\u2019.<\/p>\n<h3>Background:<\/h3>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">On 20-3-2015, the respondents allegedly delivered a speech to public that had gathered to offer Friday prayers, with the intention to instigate them against sovereignty of India and to call for separation of the then State of Jammu and Kashmir from the rest of India calling it an illegally \u2018occupied territory\u2019. They were challaned for an offence under Section <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001554025\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">13<\/a> of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002808781\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">UAPA<\/a>, as there was substantial evidence against them, for which they were arrested and later released on bail. After investigation, the case was closed as challan and sent for sanction, which was received from the competent authority, directing production of charge-sheet against the respondents, who by that time had turned absconder. Upon filing the charge-sheet, both the respondents were arrested.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">On 29-9-2021, the Trial Court dismissed the charge-sheet and held that since there was no law-and-order problem caused pursuant to the raising of anti-national slogans, there was no material to warrant their involvement in an unlawful activity. The Trial Court observed that an offence under Section <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001554025\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">13<\/a> of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002808781\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">UAPA<\/a> was not made out placing reliance on the Supreme Court\u2019s decision in <span style=\"font-style: italic;\">Balwant Singh<\/span> v. <span style=\"font-style: italic;\">State of Punjab<\/span>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink\/9ZF5pk03\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">(1995) 3 SCC 214<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">The appellant contended that the Trial Court had resorted to conducting enquiry at the charge stage and sifted the evidence as if it was finally deciding the challan, thereby discharging the accused without properly examining the contents of the charge which resulted in grave miscarriage of justice. The respondents did not appear despite service, and they were also absent from the previous hearing.<\/p>\n<h3>Analysis and Decision:<\/h3>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">The Court after analysing the definition of \u2018unlawful activity\u2019 provided under Section <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001554035\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2(o)<\/a> of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002808781\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">UAPA<\/a>, noted that the respondents were not related to any unlawful association or banned organization and were only acting in their individual capacity when they were allegedly inciting the general public to initiate struggle for achieving the objective of separating Jammu &amp; Kashmir from the Indian Dominion.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">The Court referred to <span style=\"font-style: italic;\">Union of India<\/span> v. <span style=\"font-style: italic;\">Prafulla Kumar Samal<\/span>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink\/0OK2P93y\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">(1979) 3 SCC 4<\/a>, and <span style=\"font-style: italic;\">State of Bihar<\/span> v. <span style=\"font-style: italic;\">Ramesh Singh<\/span>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink\/vFoixG4Y\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">(1977) 4 SCC 39<\/a>, wherein it was held that if there was a strong suspicion which lead the Court to presume that the accused had committed an offence, then it was not open to the Court to say that there was insufficient ground to proceed against the accused.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">The Court cited <span style=\"font-style: italic;\">M.E. Shivalingamurthy<\/span> v. <span style=\"font-style: italic;\">CBI<\/span>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink\/uKr2BSgE\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">(2020) 2 SCC 768<\/a>, wherein it was observed that the accused was entitled to discharge only if the statements recorded under Section <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001519397\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">161<\/a> of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002726935\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Criminal Procedure Code, 1973<\/a> (\u2018CrPC\u2019), which the prosecution proposed to adduce to prove the guilt of the accused, could not show that the accused had committed an offence. It was further opined that where there were two views, one giving rise to mere suspicion and the other to grave suspicion, the Judge would be justified in refusing discharge if satisfied that strong suspicion exists. The existence of some essential material that gave rise to strong suspicion was necessary for drawing a charge and refusing discharge.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">The Court observed that the accusations along with the statements of the witnesses under Section <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001519397\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">161<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002726935\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CrPC<\/a>, brought the case within the ambit of \u2018unlawful activity\u2019 as defined in the UAPA because the respondents were advocating and inciting the commission of an unlawful activity by asserting that Jammu &amp; Kashmir was illegally occupied and must be separated from the Indian Union, thereby advocating secession.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">The Court opined that the Trial Court\u2019s reliance on <span style=\"font-style: italic;\">Balwant Rai<\/span> (supra), was uncalled for because in that case the accused had raised slogans in a crowded place after the assassination of the then Prime Minister but in the present case the matter was still at its infancy and the prosecution was yet to adduce evidence in support of the accusations raised under Section <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001554025\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">13<\/a> of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002808781\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">UAPA<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">Consequently, the Court set aside the Trial Court\u2019s order and held that it was unsustainable as it suffered from non-application of mind and erroneous application of law. The Court, while restoring the charge-sheet, directed the Trial Court to proceed with framing of charge against the respondents for the offence under Section <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001554025\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">13<\/a> of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002808781\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">UAPA<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">[<span style=\"font-weight: bold; color: #632423;\">State (UT of J&amp;K) v. Ameer Hamza Shah, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink\/G5Sp3f3g\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2025 SCC OnLine J&amp;K 745<\/a>, decided on 18-7-2025<\/span>]<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 18pt;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000080;\">*Judgment authored by: Justice Sanjay Parihar<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p>Advocates who appeared in this case:<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 18pt;\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">For the Appellant:<\/span> Maha Majeed, Assisting Counsel vice Faheem Shah, GA.<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"color: #000080;\">Buy Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 \u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ebcwebstore.com\/product_info.php?products_id=1031\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">HERE<\/a><\/h3>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ebcwebstore.com\/product_info.php?products_id=1031\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-large wp-image-294422\" src=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/code-of-criminal-procedure-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"Code of Criminal Procedure\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/code-of-criminal-procedure-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/code-of-criminal-procedure-768x511.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/code-of-criminal-procedure-440x293.jpg 440w, https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/code-of-criminal-procedure-650x433.jpg 650w, https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/code-of-criminal-procedure.jpg 886w, https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/code-of-criminal-procedure-60x40.jpg 60w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p style=\"font-style: italic;\">&#8220;Where there are two views, one giving rise to mere suspicion and the other to grave suspicion, the Judge would be justified in refusing discharge if satisfied that strong suspicion exists. The existence of some essential material giving rise to strong suspicion necessary for drawing a charge and refusing discharge is required.&#8221;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":67011,"featured_media":355035,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3,10],"tags":[86302,86299,55664,85781,72262,86301,86300,86303,30397,2533],"class_list":["post-355030","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-casebriefs","category-highcourts","tag-anti-national-slogans","tag-anti-national-speech","tag-jammu-kashmir-and-ladakh-high-court","tag-justice-sanjay-parihar","tag-justice-sanjeev-kumar","tag-occupied-territory","tag-secession","tag-secession-of-kashmir","tag-uapa","tag-Unlawful_Activities"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.4 (Yoast SEO v27.4) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Calling J&amp;K &#039;Occupied Territory&#039; 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