{"id":355027,"date":"2025-07-30T16:00:43","date_gmt":"2025-07-30T10:30:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/?p=355027"},"modified":"2025-08-01T10:29:02","modified_gmt":"2025-08-01T04:59:02","slug":"jhar-hc-order-on-requirement-of-deception-in-cheating","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2025\/07\/30\/jhar-hc-order-on-requirement-of-deception-in-cheating\/","title":{"rendered":"“Offence of cheating will not be made out unless deception is played since beginning”: Jharkhand HC quashes criminal proceedings u\/s 406 and 420 IPC"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Jharkhand High Court:<\/span> In a criminal miscellaneous petition seeking to set aside the entire criminal proceedings as well as the order passed by the Chief Judicial Magistrate, Koderma for offences punishable under Sections 406<\/a> or 420<\/a> of the Penal Code 1860<\/a> (\u2018IPC\u2019), a Single Judge Bench of Anil Kumar Choudhary J*<\/span> stated that unless the accused person played deception since the beginning of the transaction between the parties, the offence of cheating punishable under Section 420<\/a> of the IPC<\/a> would not be made out. Thus, the Court stated that continuation of the criminal proceedings against the petitioner would amount to abuse of the process of law and accordingly, set aside the impugned order and quashed the criminal proceedings.<\/p>\n

Background<\/h3>\n

The complainant entered into an agreement with the petitioner for the sale of land for Rs.14,00,000\/-. The complainant paid an advance of Rs.1,00,000\/- but the petitioner got his land sold to someone else and did not return the money.<\/p>\n

The petitioner contended that a mere breach of promise, agreement or contract does not, ipso facto<\/span>, constitute the offence of the criminal breach of trust contained in Section 405<\/a> of the IPC<\/a>, without there being a clear case of entrustment and submits that in that case. The opposite party, on the other hand, opposed the same, contending that it was a clear case of cheating.<\/p>\n

Analysis and Decision<\/h3>\n

The Court considered Radheyshyam<\/span> v. State of Rajasthan<\/span>, 2024 SCC OnLine SC 2311<\/a>, wherein ut was held that the amount paid towards consideration cannot be said to have been entrusted with the accused persons and a mere breach of contract does not constitute the offence of cheating or breach of trust. Further, considering Uma Shankar Gopalika<\/span> v. State of Bihar<\/span>, (2005) 10 SCC 336<\/a>, the Court viewed that it is a settled principle of law that unless the accused person played deception since the beginning of the transaction between the parties, the offence of cheating punishable under Section 420<\/a> of the IPC<\/a> would not be made out.<\/p>\n

The Court observed that even if the entire allegations made against the petitioner were true in their entirety, still the offence punishable under Section 420<\/a> of the IPC<\/a> could not be made out against him. Considering that there was no allegation of any entrustment of money to the petitioner, nor was there any allegation of dishonest misappropriation of the entrusted property, the Court held that offence punishable under Section 406<\/a> of the IPC<\/a> was also not made out against the petitioner.<\/p>\n

Thus, quashing the criminal proceedings and setting aside the order, the Court stated that the continuation of the criminal proceeding against the petitioner would amount to abuse of process of law.<\/p>\n

[Maya Rani v. State of Jharkhand, 2025 SCC OnLine Jhar 2950<\/a>, decided on 21-7-2025<\/span>]<\/p>\n

*Judgment by Justice Anil Kumar Choudhary<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\n

Advocates who appeared in this case:<\/p>\n

For the Petitioner:<\/span> Arwind Kumar, Advocate<\/p>\n

For the Opposite Party:<\/span> Lily Sahay, Additional Public Prosecutor, Ashok Kr. Sinha, Advocate and Anshuman Kumar, Advocate.<\/p>\n

Buy Penal Code, 1860 \u00a0 HERE<\/a><\/h3>\n

\"penal<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Even if the entire allegations made against the petitioner are considered to be true in their entirety, the continuation of this criminal proceeding against the petitioner will amount to abuse of process of law.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":67011,"featured_media":355033,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3,10],"tags":[9361,32378,86296,13961,5791,35034,86298,36335,86297],"class_list":["post-355027","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-casebriefs","category-highcourts","tag-breach-of-trust","tag-cheating","tag-deception-in-cheating","tag-ipc","tag-jharkhand-high-court","tag-justice-anil-kumar-choudhary","tag-offence-of-cheating","tag-penal-code-1860","tag-requirement-of-deception"],"yoast_head":"\nJhar HC order on requirement of deception in cheating | SCC Times<\/title>\n<meta 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that even after years, Courts do not understand the fine distinction\u2019; SC breakdowns key differences & ingredients of criminal breach of trust and cheating","author":"Editor","date":"August 28, 2024","format":false,"excerpt":"\u201cFor cheating, criminal intention is necessary at the time of making a false or misleading representation i.e., since inception. In criminal breach of trust, mere proof of entrustment is sufficient. Thus, in case of criminal breach of trust, the offender is lawfully entrusted with the property, and he dishonestly misappropriated\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Case Briefs"","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"criminal breach of trust and cheating","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/criminal-breach-of-trust-and-cheating.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/criminal-breach-of-trust-and-cheating.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/criminal-breach-of-trust-and-cheating.webp?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/criminal-breach-of-trust-and-cheating.webp?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":213427,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2019\/04\/09\/ker-hc-act-of-merely-introducing-a-person-to-a-bank-for-opening-an-account-when-such-person-later-cheats-the-bank-not-an-offence\/","url_meta":{"origin":355027,"position":1},"title":"Ker HC | Act of merely introducing a person to a bank for opening an account, when such person later cheats the bank, not an offence","author":"Bhumika Indulia","date":"April 9, 2019","format":false,"excerpt":"Kerala High Court: The Bench of R. Narayana Pisharadi, J. quashed criminal proceedings against a person accused of cheating a bank holding that the case against him would be an abuse of process of the Court. Petitioner herein was a customer of Bank of Baroda for many years. He introduced\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Case Briefs"","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":343856,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2025\/03\/18\/bombay-hc-reinstated-adani-discharge-cheating-case-worth-388-crores\/","url_meta":{"origin":355027,"position":2},"title":"\u2018Unwarranted interference by Revisional Court\u2019; Read why Bombay High Court reinstated Adani\u2019s discharge in cheating case worth Rs. 388 Crores","author":"Editor","date":"March 18, 2025","format":false,"excerpt":"\u201cMerely by asserting that the accused has made a wrong gain without demonstrating the corresponding wrongful loss or deception suffered by a specific victim does not suffice to attract the offence of cheating under the IPC.\u201d","rel":"","context":"In "Case Briefs"","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Bombay High Court","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Bombay-High-Court.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Bombay-High-Court.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Bombay-High-Court.webp?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Bombay-High-Court.webp?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":343543,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2025\/03\/12\/breach-of-promise-cannot-give-rise-criminal-prosecution-gauhati-hc-quashes-case-against-doctor-cheating\/","url_meta":{"origin":355027,"position":3},"title":"\u2018Mere breach of a promise cannot give rise to criminal prosecution\u2019; Gauhati HC quashes criminal proceedings against doctor accused of cheating man of Rs 2 Lakhs","author":"Editor","date":"March 12, 2025","format":false,"excerpt":"\u201cThe act of breach of trust involves a civil wrong, in which an aggrieved person may seek redressal for damages in Civil Court, but a breach of trust with mens rea gives rise to criminal prosecution.\u201d","rel":"","context":"In "Case Briefs"","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Gauhati High Court","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Gauhati-High-Court.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Gauhati-High-Court.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Gauhati-High-Court.webp?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Gauhati-High-Court.webp?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":211961,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2019\/03\/13\/ker-hc-mere-breach-of-trust-or-agreement-will-not-amount-to-a-criminal-offence-under-s-420-ipc\/","url_meta":{"origin":355027,"position":4},"title":"Ker HC | Mere breach of trust or agreement will not amount to a criminal offence under S. 420 IPC","author":"Bhumika Indulia","date":"March 13, 2019","format":false,"excerpt":"Kerala High Court: The Bench of T.V. Anil Kumar, J., while pronouncing an order quashed the criminal proceedings stating them to be of a civil dispute. The facts of the case as presented in the present case are that, the prosecution case as against the petitioner is that, he after\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Case Briefs"","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":324043,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2024\/06\/11\/withholding-portion-of-salary-emoluments-is-not-cheating-or-criminal-breach-of-trust-bhc-scc-time\/","url_meta":{"origin":355027,"position":5},"title":"Withholding a portion of salary\/emoluments by an employer does not amount to cheating or criminal breach of trust: Bombay High Court","author":"Simranjeet","date":"June 11, 2024","format":false,"excerpt":"A same act may not amount to cheating and criminal breach of trust at the same time as for cheating, dishonest intention must exist at the inception of the transaction, whereas, for criminal breach of trust, there must exist a relationship between the parties, whereby one party entrusts another with\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Case Briefs"","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Bombay High Court","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Bombay-High-Court.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Bombay-High-Court.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Bombay-High-Court.webp?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Bombay-High-Court.webp?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x"},"classes":[]}],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/355027","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/67011"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=355027"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/355027\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/355033"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=355027"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=355027"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=355027"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}