{"id":35501,"date":"2016-02-11T12:52:11","date_gmt":"2016-02-11T07:22:11","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/?p=35501"},"modified":"2018-05-23T16:45:18","modified_gmt":"2018-05-23T11:15:18","slug":"high-court-of-australia-upholds-indefinite-detention-of-asylum-seekers-in-a-foreign-country","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2016\/02\/11\/high-court-of-australia-upholds-indefinite-detention-of-asylum-seekers-in-a-foreign-country\/","title":{"rendered":"High Court of Australia upholds indefinite detention of asylum seekers in a foreign country"},"content":{"rendered":"

High<\/strong> Court\u00a0\u00a0 of Australia: <\/strong>Rejecting the challenge to the constitutionality of the offshore processing system, the High Court in a landmark judgment has upheld Australia’s role in detaining\u00a0 asylum seekers in foreign countries. The Full Court by a majority held that the conduct of Commonwealth in securing, funding and participating in the plaintiff’s detention at RPC 3 on Nauru was authorised by a valid law of the Commonwealth i.e. Section 61 of Constitution\u00a0 and Section 198AHA of the Migration Act, 1958 (Cth). The \u00a0plaintiff,\u00a0 a Bangladeshi national who was an \u201cunauthorised maritime arrival\u201d as defined by Section 5AA of the Act\u00a0 upon entering Australia’s migration zone in October 2013 was detained by officers of the Commonwealth and taken to Nauru Regional Processing Centre in pursuance of Section 198AD(2) of the Act. \u201cThe plaintiff is not entitled to the declarations sought,\u201d the Court said in its majority decision.<\/p>\n

In the proceedings the plaintiff prayed for an injunction against the Minister and officers of the Commonwealth and a writ\u00a0 prohibiting them from taking steps to remove her to Nauru if she is to be detained at the Centre.\u00a0 The focus of these proceedings was also upon the remedy sought in the form of a declaration to the effect that the conduct of the Minister or the Commonwealth in relation to her past detention was unlawful by reason that it was neither authorised by any valid law of the Commonwealth nor based upon a valid exercise of the executive power of the Commonwealth under Section 61 of the Constitution.<\/p>\n

On 2 August 2014, the plaintiff was brought to Australia from Nauru temporarily for health purposes, where she gave birth to a child and now she is liable to be returned back. Nauru is a country designated by the Minister for Immigration and Border Protection\u00a0 under Section 198AB(1) as a \u201cregional processing country\u201d. The Commonwealth and Nauru signed a Memorandum of Understanding relating to the transfer to and assessment of persons in Nauru, and related issues to combat people smuggling and irregular migration in the Asia-Pacific region. The plaintiff is unwilling to return to Bangladesh and had applied to the Nauruan Justice Secretary to be recognised by Nauru as a refugee under Section 5 of the Refugees Convention Act 2012 (Nauru) which has not been determined yet.<\/p>\n

On the issue whether principles in Chu Kheng Lim<\/em> v. Minister for Immigration, Local Government and Ethnic Affairs<\/em> (1992) 176 CLR 1 apply, the Court by majority held that the reliance was misplaced as it does not refer more generally to a \u201cconcept of authorise or enforce detention\u201d and that the principle established in Lim <\/em>was that provisions of the Migration Act \u00a0authorising the detention in custody of an alien for the purpose of their removal from Australia, did not infringe Chapter III of the Constitution because the authority, limited to that purpose, was neither punitive in nature nor part of the judicial power of the Commonwealth.<\/p>\n

In a sole dissenting judgment, Gordon, J. held that the plaintiff had a standing to challenge the Commonwealth’s past conduct as the Commonwealth\u00a0 was not authorised to detain her on Nauru. Citing several facts, such as presence in the camp of uniformed Border Force officers, Canberra\u2019s supply of security infrastructure, perimeter fencing and guard posts, and the provision of garrison services by an Australian government contractor, Transfield demonstrated that the Australian Government had in fact \u201cdetained the plaintiff on Nauru\u201d. Gordon, J. observed:<\/p>\n

\u201cThe plaintiff could not leave Nauru. The plaintiff was confined to the Nauru RPC. The acts and conduct of the Commonwealth just set out demonstrate that her detention in the Nauru RPC was ‘facilitated, organised, caused, used, imposed [or] procured’ by the Commonwealth. The Commonwealth asserted the right by its servants (or Transfield as its agent) to apply force to persons detained in the Nauru RPC for the purpose of confining those persons within the bounds of the place identified as the place of detention, the Nauru RPC. To that end, the Commonwealth asserted the right by its servants or agents to assault detainees and physically restrain them.\u201d<\/p>\n

Gordon, J further observed that despite having removed the plaintiff to a place outside Australia, the Commonwealth intended to and did exercise restraint over the plaintiff’s liberty on Nauru, if needs be by applying force to her. Notwithstanding that there is no explicit mention of detention in the MOU or the administrative arrangements, the Commonwealth detained the plaintiff on Nauru by its acts and conduct. As a matter of necessity, the plaintiff’s removal from Australia by the Commonwealth was complete when she arrived on Nauru. The Commonwealth had no need to and had no right to detain the plaintiff in a foreign state and held Section \u00a0198AHA to be\u00a0 invalid because it impermissibly restricted or infringed Chapter III. [Plaintiff M68\/2015 <\/em>v. Minister for Immigration and Border Protection, \u00a0<\/em>[2016] HCA 1, decided on February 3, 2016,]<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

High Court\u00a0\u00a0 of Australia: Rejecting the challenge to the constitutionality of the offshore processing system, the High Court in a landmark judgment <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":35511,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3,12],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-35501","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-casebriefs","category-foreigncourts"],"yoast_head":"\nHigh Court of Australia upholds indefinite detention of asylum seekers in a foreign country | SCC Times<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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It was to be decided by exercising Section 79(1) of the Judiciary Act, 1903\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Case Briefs"","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/HCCourt-of-australia.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/HCCourt-of-australia.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/HCCourt-of-australia.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/HCCourt-of-australia.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/HCCourt-of-australia.jpg?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 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