{"id":352633,"date":"2025-07-07T11:30:32","date_gmt":"2025-07-07T06:00:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/?p=352633"},"modified":"2025-07-10T11:28:21","modified_gmt":"2025-07-10T05:58:21","slug":"bom-hc-grants-interim-relief-to-mark-ram-bandhu-against-mark-shree-ram-bandhu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2025\/07\/07\/bom-hc-grants-interim-relief-to-mark-ram-bandhu-against-mark-shree-ram-bandhu\/","title":{"rendered":"Bombay HC grants interim relief to Empire Spices and Foods Ltd. for mark \u201cRAM BANDHU\u201d against mark \u201cSHREE RAM BANDHU\u201d"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Bombay High Court:<\/span> An interim application was filed by Empire Spices and Foods Ltd. (applicant), wherein an interim injunction was sought against the respondent for alleged infringement of the registered trade mark \u201cRAM BANDHU\u201d, associated artistic copyright, and passing off. A Single Judge Bench of Sharmila U. Deshmukh<\/span>, J., granted interim relief to the applicant, noting the deceptive similarity between the applicant\u2019s registered trade mark \u201cRAM BANDHU \"\" \u201d and the respondent\u2019s mark \u201cSHREE RAM BANDHU \"\"\u201d. The Court held that the applicant had established a prima facie<\/span> case of infringement under the Trade Marks Act, 1999<\/a> (the \u2018Act\u2019) and reiterated the principle that copying the essential features of a registered mark amounted to infringement, even when an additional element, such as the prefix \u201cSHREE\u201d, was present.<\/p>\n

Background:<\/h3>\n

The trade mark \u201cRAM BANDHU\u201d was coined in 1972 and used extensively in relation to spices, papad, pickle and other food products. The registration of mark \u201cRAM BANDHU\u201d was applied in 1993 and subsequently in 2012 under various trade mark registration numbers, with user claims dating back to 1972. In 2018, the applicant merged with Rambandhu Masalewale (P) Ltd. under order of National Company Law Tribunal (\u2018NCLT\u2019), where, the applicant had taken over as subsequent proprietor of the mark. The applicant further alleged that he was the owner of the artistic work \u201cRAM BANDHU\u201d in both Hindi and English, which was created in 2002. It claimed that the work had gained wide market reputation, was endorsed by renowned celebrities, and had achieved a turnover exceeding Rs 250 crore.<\/p>\n

In 2014, the applicant noticed the respondent\u2019s mark \u201cSHREE RAM BANDHU\u201d and issued a cease-and-desist notice. Upon conduct of market search, the respondent\u2019s goods were not found in the market, and it was assumed that the respondent had discontinued the use of its mark. However, in 2023 the applicant came across the respondent\u2019s goods under the impugned mark \u201cSHREE RAM BANDHU\u201d which led to issuance of further notices. It was further submitted that the respondent\u2019s mark was structurally, visually, phonetically, and deceptively similar to the applicant\u2019s mark. It was also alleged that the respondent had copied the underlying artistic work, and the use of the words \u201cRAM\u201d and \u201cBANDHU\u201d by the respondent indicated a dishonest adoption of the applicant\u2019s mark.<\/p>\n

The respondent contested the claim, asserting that the use of the label had been honest and bona fide, as he was an ardent devotee of Lord Ram. He further argued that it was a common practice in India to use the names of deities in business and on products and claimed to have used the label continuously since 2003\u20142004. He further submitted that the applicant could not claim exclusivity over the name of the deity, which was a settled position in law. He argued that he had not applied for registration of a word mark, but rather a device mark, and contended that Section 17 of the Act prevented the applicant from claiming exclusivity over a part of the registered device mark. He further asserted that the delay and acquiescence militated against the grant of interim relief, as the first cease-and-desist notice had been issued earlier, pursuant to which no action had been taken.<\/p>\n

Analysis and Decision:<\/h3>\n

The Court observed that the records of the Trade Mark Registry had prima facie<\/span> established the applicant as the subsequent proprietor of the registered mark. The Court further noted that the respondent\u2019s mark, with the prefix \u201cSHREE\u201d added to the words \u201cRAM BANDHU\u201d, had been written identically and in the same colour, making it deceptively similar like the applicant\u2019s registered device mark, an act that could not have been a mere coincidence. The Court noted that the adoption of an identical or deceptively similar trade mark indicated a dishonest intention on the part of the respondent to come as close as possible to the applicant\u2019s registered trade mark. The Court emphasised that it was well settled that rival marks had to be viewed from the perspective of the average consumer with imperfect recollection, and the question that begged consideration was whether such a consumer would have been in a state of wonderment and confusion upon encountering the two marks.<\/p>\n

The Court relied on Jagdish Gopal Kamath v. Lime & Chilli Hospitality Services<\/span>, 2015 SCC Online Bom 531<\/a>, wherein a similar argument of absence of right to claim exclusivity on part of device mark was raised. The Court emphasised that, since the mark was registered as a device mark, no rights could be claimed over any part of the trade mark that was not registered separately. The Court further held that exclusivity could not be claimed over the name of the Hindu God \u201cLord Ram\u201d, however, if the respondent attempted to distinguish between a device mark and a word mark on the assumption that the applicant\u2019s mark, being a device mark, then it did not confer exclusivity over the words forming part of it.<\/p>\n

The Court referred to the Supreme Court\u2019s decision in Pidlite Industries Ltd. v. Jubilant Agri and Consumer Products Ltd<\/span>, 2014 SCC Online Bom 50<\/a>, wherein it was held that registration of a composite mark conferred monopoly over the trade mark as a whole, not over each constituent part and the Court had to examine the mark as a whole and determine its prominent or essential features for protection. The Court noted that the applicant was entitled to protect its essential features and when there was no other distinctive or prominent feature apart from the words, as in the mark \u201cRAM BANDHU\u201d, the entirety of the mark had to be protected. Since there was no distinguishable part of the whole, Section 17 of the Act applied, and it was no defence to say that the words were not registered separately.<\/p>\n

Further, the Court referred to Bhole Baba Milk Food Industries Ltd. v. Parul Food Specialities (P) Ltd<\/span>, 2011 SCC Online Del 4422<\/a>, and held that the applicant\u2019s device mark was not solely the name of a deity but a combination of two common words \u201cRAM\u201d and \u201cBANDHU\u201d. It ruled that exclusivity could not be claimed over these words individually, but when combined, the name lost its religious significance and became registrable. The suffix \u201cBANDHU\u201d made the difference. The Court held that the combination of these two words \u201cRAM\u201d and \u201cBANDHU\u201d was a coined word and arbitrary adaption being totally unconnected with the goods marketed under the trade mark, gave rise to claim for exclusivity.<\/p>\n

The Court further observed that mere delay could not bar the grant of injunction in trade mark infringement cases. It held that a mere failure to sue, without any positive act of encouragement, was no defence and did not amount to acquiescence and a respondent who had infringed the applicant\u2019s mark with knowledge of it could not later complain when sued.<\/p>\n

The Court held that the respondent\u2019s mark was not the standalone name of Lord Ram but the coined word \u201cRAM BANDHU\u201d, and a prima facie<\/span> case had been established that the applicant had the exclusive right to use the device mark \u201cRAM BANDHU\u201d. The Court further held that if interim relief was not granted, irreparable harm and loss would be caused to the applicant as the respondent\u2019s trade label was deceptively similar and likely to cause confusion, indicating association and diluting the applicant\u2019s goodwill.<\/p>\n

The Court granted interim relief and till the final disposal of the suit, restrained the respondent by an order and injunction from using the impugned mark \u2018SHREE RAM BANDHU\u2019 and\/or any mark which was identical or phonetically\/deceptively similar to the applicant\u2019s mark \u2018RAM BANDHU\u2019 in any manner whatsoever, to infringe upon the applicant\u2019s mark \u2018RAM BANDHU\u2019. Further, the Court allowed the request to stay the order for the period of four weeks.<\/p>\n

[Empire Spices and Foods Ltd. v. Sanjay Bhimraoji Deshmukh, 2025 SCC OnLine Bom 2559<\/a>, decided on 30-6-2025<\/span>]<\/p>\n

\n

Advocates who appeared in this case :<\/p>\n

For the Applicant\/Plaintiff:<\/span> Pranshul Dube, Asma Nadaf<\/p>\n

For the Respondent\/Defendant:<\/span> Amit Jamsandekar, Archita Gharat, Vighnesh Kamat i\/by Shoeb Parkar<\/p>\n

Buy Trade Marks Act, 1999 \u00a0 HERE<\/a><\/h3>\n

\"trade<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

“The combination of the two words “RAM” and “BANDHU” is a coined word and arbitrary adaption being totally unconnected with the goods marketed under the trade mark, gives rise to claim for exclusivity.”<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":67011,"featured_media":352637,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3,10],"tags":[2569,11391,84846,55297,2943,66917,14722,84847,84843,84844,46158,84845,49079,52951],"class_list":["post-352633","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-casebriefs","category-highcourts","tag-Bombay_High_Court","tag-copyright-infringement","tag-deceptively-similar-trade-mark","tag-exclusive-right","tag-injunction","tag-justice-sharmila-u-deshmukh","tag-passing-off","tag-phonetically-similar-mark","tag-ram-bandhu","tag-shree-ram-bandhu","tag-trade-mark-infringement","tag-trade-mark-interim-relief","tag-trade-mark-registry","tag-trade-marks-act-1999"],"yoast_head":"\nBom HC grants interim relief to trade mark RAM BANDHU|SCC Times<\/title>\n<meta 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