{"id":351621,"date":"2025-06-26T18:00:42","date_gmt":"2025-06-26T12:30:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/?p=351621"},"modified":"2025-07-03T17:51:40","modified_gmt":"2025-07-03T12:21:40","slug":"cal-hc-directs-to-prevent-illegal-transportation-of-elephants","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2025\/06\/26\/cal-hc-directs-to-prevent-illegal-transportation-of-elephants\/","title":{"rendered":"Calcutta High Court directs West Bengal Govt to ensure no elephants are illegally\/unlawfully transported from its borders"},"content":{"rendered":"<style>\n.animate-charcter{background-image: linear-gradient(-225deg, #231557 0%, #44107a 29%, #ff1361 67%, #fff800 100%); background-size: 200% auto; -webkit-background-clip: text; -webkit-text-fill-color: transparent; animation: textclip 0s linear infinite;}<br \/>@keyframes textclip {to {background-position: 200% center;}}<br \/><\/style>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;\">\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Calcutta High Court<\/span>: In a Public Interest Litigation (PIL) filed by Cape Foundation highlighting the illegal transportation of elephants from the State of West Bengal, the Division Bench of <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Ravi Krishnan Kapur<\/span>*, Arindam Mukherjee, JJ, held that the ownership of those elephants vested with the State of Bengal and directed the State to take steps to ensure that no further incidence of illegal transportation of elephants takes place.<\/p>\n<h3>Background<\/h3>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">The PIL filed by a registered trust named \u2018Cape Foundation\u2019 raised the issue of well-being and protection of some captive elephants which, although were registered in West Bengal, but were now in the State of Bihar and some other States.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">By an order dated 19-7-2025, a Coordinate Bench of the Court ordered the Chief Conservator of Forests Wildlife (Respondent 2) to take appropriate steps to ensure that the elephants were brought back to West Bengal. Since the respondents failed to comply with that order, an order of non-compliance was passed on 7-9-2022 directing the respondents to purge their contempt.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">Respondent 5, who was the Mahant of an Ashram where three of the elephants were kept, challenged the order dated 19-7-2019, claiming that he was the rightful owner of those elephants and that he had not been heard before the said order was passed.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">Respondent 5 claimed that the three elephants, Bhola, Suman and Basanti, had been originally working in the Natraj Circus. Subsequently, Natraj Circus transferred the ownership of the elephants in favor of Respondent 5 via a gift deed dated 12-10-2017.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">The present PIL alleged that Respondent 5 obtained the elephants illegally, kept them in gruesome conditions, and exploited them commercially.<\/p>\n<h3>Analysis, Law and Decision<\/h3>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">The Court noted that the gift deed through which Respondent 5 had claimed ownership of the elephants was null and void. The original ownership certificate issued by the Central Zoo Authority in favor of Natraj Circus had expired in 2013 and there was nothing on the record to show that the same had ever been renewed. The transfer by way of a gift deed had not been reported to the Chief Wildlife Warden. The gift deed was executed 4 years after the expiry of the ownership certificate and thereafter, applying the legal principle of nemo dat quod non habet, the gift deed became non-est and void. Additionally, the failure of Natraj Circus to provide basic amenities for taking care of the animals resulted in revocation of \u2018zoo\u2019 status accorded to it thereby extinguishing any legal right that might have vested with it.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">The Court observed that the elephants in possession with Respondent 5 were deemed to be \u2018captive animal\u2019 in terms of Section <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001566251\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2(5)<\/a> of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002835349\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Wild Life (Protection) Act, 1972<\/a> (\u2018the Act\u2019) and belonged to the State of West Bengal.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">Further, the Court noted that a conjoint reading of Sections <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001566291\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">39<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001566293\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">40<\/a> of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002835349\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Act<\/a> made it evident that no person could acquire, receive, keep in his control, custody or possession any animal under Schedule <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001566224\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">I or Part II<\/a> of Schedule <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001566225\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">II<\/a> of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002835349\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Act<\/a> without an ownership certificate and prior permission from the Chief Wildlife Warden. The Court stated that Respondent 5 was also in violation of Sections <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001566297\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">43<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001566303\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">48A<\/a> of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002835349\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Act<\/a>, since the three elephants were transported without any prior permission from the Government of West Bengal.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">Furthermore, the Court noted that Respondent 5 had failed to produce any record demonstrating that the well-being of the elephants like vaccination, feeding, treatment of diseases, walk or movement and work schedule was in accordance with the terms of the Guidelines for Care and Management of Captive Elephants issued by the Ministry of Environment &amp; Forests, Project Elephant, dated 8-1-2008. On the contrary, Petitioner 2 had placed evidence that showcased the horrific conditions in which the elephants had been kept. The Court stated that,<\/p>\n<p class=\"animate-charcter\" style=\"margin-left: 36pt; margin-bottom: 3%; font-style: italic;\">\u201cThe spiked shackles, sharp spears and sticks used to tackle the elephants have inflicted several injuries on the elephants which remain untreated cannot be ignored. Similarly, the use of heavy chains and spiked bracelets to control them and tying three of their legs down for long hours on concrete floor is inter-alia in violation of the Section <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001569309\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">11(1)<\/a> of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002776238\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act, 1960<\/a> and unacceptable.\u201d<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">A Report dated 12-4-2022 filed by Chief Wildlife Warden, West Bengal highlighted the various ways in which the elephants had been mistreated. Photographs indicated obesity issues, chronic foot rots, deformations and discolorations formed on the foot, and unhealed wound marks caused by sharp spiked bracelets put around their feet to restrict movement. The videos and photos also suggested that sharp spears and ankus had been used to induce fear to control the elephants \u2014 a practice prohibited by law.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">The Court opined that the elephants had been kept in captivity for most of their lives and deserved to spend the rest of their lives in a natural habitat suitable and beneficial for them. It is the constitutional right of all living beings to live with honor and dignity, and Article <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001575267\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">51A(g)<\/a> of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002726967\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Constitution<\/a> recognized the requirement to have compassion for all living creatures.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">Accordingly, the Court held that Respondent 5 had no ownership rights in the elephants, and the elephants belonged to the State of West Bengal. The Court directed the State to take appropriate measures to ensure that such illegal or unlawful transfer of elephants from West Bengal to other States does not occur again. The State was directed to take measures at the borders to curb the illegal transportation of elephants outside the State.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">[<span style=\"font-weight: bold; color: #632423;\">Cape Foundation v. State of W.B, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink\/nGQisi8q\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2025 SCC OnLine Cal 5329<\/a>, decided on 23-6-2025<\/span>]<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 18pt;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000080;\">*Judgement authored by- Justice Ravi Krishan Kapur<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p>Advocates who appeared in this case:<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 18pt;\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">For the Petitioner:<\/span> Dhruba Ghosh, Biswanath Chatterjee, Ajeya Chowdhury, Sobhan Kumar Pathak, Advocates<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 18pt;\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">For the Respondent:<\/span> Partha Sarathi Deb Barman, Anindhya Sundar Das, Anup Dasgupta, Ratul Deb Banerjee, Sourojit Mukherjee, Sayed Ali Afzal, Suman Halder, Noelle Banerjee, Advocates<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p style=\"font-style: italic;\">The Court highlighted the conditions of captivity of the elephants and noted that the elephants, having being kept in captivity for most of their lives, deserve to spend their remaining years in a natural habitat which would ultimately ensure their benefit.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":67011,"featured_media":351624,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3,10],"tags":[38591,2689,84244,84243,58368,84242,30382],"class_list":["post-351621","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-casebriefs","category-highcourts","tag-animal-cruelty","tag-Calcutta_High_Court","tag-cape-foundation","tag-illegal-elephant-transportation","tag-justice-arindam-mukherjee","tag-justice-ravi-krishnan-kapur","tag-wild-life-protection-act"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v26.4 (Yoast SEO v26.4) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ 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Additional Judges of Calcutta High Court appointed as Permanent Judges","author":"Bhumika Indulia","date":"February 10, 2020","format":false,"excerpt":"President appoints the following Additional Judges as the Permanent Judges of the Calcutta High Court: (i) Smt. Justice Shampa Sarkar, (ii) Shri Justice Ravi Krishan Kapur, and (iii) Shri Justice Arindam Mukherjee Ministry of Law and Justice [Notification dt. 07-02-2020]","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Appointments &amp; Transfers&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Appointments &amp; Transfers","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/news\/appointments\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/06\/calcutta-court.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/06\/calcutta-court.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/06\/calcutta-court.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/06\/calcutta-court.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/06\/calcutta-court.jpg?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":224426,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2020\/01\/22\/sc-collegium-resolutions-3-addl-judges-to-be-permanent-one-year-extension-of-justice-protik-prakash-banerjee-as-addl-judge\/","url_meta":{"origin":351621,"position":1},"title":"SC Collegium Resolutions| 3 Addl. Judges to be permanent; One-Year extension of Justice Protik Prakash Banerjee as Addl. Judge","author":"Bhumika Indulia","date":"January 22, 2020","format":false,"excerpt":"Supreme Court Collegium has resolved to recommend that Justice Protik Prakash Banerjee be appointed as Additional Judge of the Calcutta High Court for a fresh term of one-year w.e.f. 21st March, 2020. Collegium has approved the proposal for appointment of following three Additional Judges of Calcutta High Court as Permanent\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Appointments &amp; Transfers&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Appointments &amp; Transfers","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/news\/appointments\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/06\/calcutta-court.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/06\/calcutta-court.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/06\/calcutta-court.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/06\/calcutta-court.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/06\/calcutta-court.jpg?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":193871,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2018\/03\/08\/3-additional-judges-appointed-calcutta-high-court\/","url_meta":{"origin":351621,"position":2},"title":"3 Additional Judges appointed to Calcutta High Court","author":"Saba","date":"March 8, 2018","format":false,"excerpt":"The President in exercise of the powers conferred by clause (1) of Article 224 of the Constitution of India, appointed\u00a0 (i) Smt Shampa Sarkar, (ii) Shri Ravi Krishan Kapur and (iii) Shri Arindam Mukherjee, to be Additional Judges of the Calcutta High Court, in that order of seniority, for a\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Appointments &amp; Transfers&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Appointments &amp; Transfers","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/news\/appointments\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/06\/calcutta-court.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/06\/calcutta-court.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/06\/calcutta-court.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/06\/calcutta-court.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/06\/calcutta-court.jpg?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":294281,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2023\/06\/09\/calcutta-high-court-held-time-limit-file-written-statement-extended-facts-of-case\/","url_meta":{"origin":351621,"position":3},"title":"Can time limit for filing written statement be extended? Calcutta High Court explains","author":"Ritu","date":"June 9, 2023","format":false,"excerpt":"The Calcutta High Court observed that \u201cconduct of the defendant is also to be looked into\u201d and accepted the written statement of the defendant.","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Case Briefs&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"calcutta high court","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/calcutta-high-court.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/calcutta-high-court.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/calcutta-high-court.webp?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/calcutta-high-court.webp?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":279539,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2022\/12\/13\/know-thy-newly-appointed-supreme-court-judge-justice-dipankar-datta\/","url_meta":{"origin":351621,"position":4},"title":"Know Thy Newly Appointed Supreme Court Judge- Justice Dipankar Datta","author":"Editor","date":"December 13, 2022","format":false,"excerpt":"Former Chief Justice of the Bombay High Court, Justice Dipankar Datta, was sworn in as a Supreme Court Judge. His appointment now raises the judicial strength of the Supreme Court to 28 out of total strength of 34 judges","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Know thy Judge&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Know thy Judge","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/judges-information\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Justice Dipankar Datta","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/MicrosoftTeams-image-460.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":283494,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2023\/02\/09\/know-thy-judge-justice-dipankar-datta-legal-research-legal-news-updates-calcutta-high-court-supreme-court-judiciary-judges\/","url_meta":{"origin":351621,"position":5},"title":"Know Thy Judge| Justice Dipankar Datta","author":"Editor","date":"February 9, 2023","format":false,"excerpt":"Justice Dipankar Datta, was born on 09-02-1965 in a Bengali family. He served as a Judge in the Calcutta High Court, and as a Chief Justice of the Bombay High Court, then he was sworn in as Supreme Court Judge by Chief Justice Dr D.Y. Chandrachud on 12-12-2022","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Know thy Judge&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Know thy Judge","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/judges-information\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/MicrosoftTeams-image-342.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]}],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/351621","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/67011"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=351621"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/351621\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/351624"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=351621"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=351621"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=351621"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}