{"id":351478,"date":"2025-06-25T17:00:37","date_gmt":"2025-06-25T11:30:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/?p=351478"},"modified":"2025-06-25T16:58:16","modified_gmt":"2025-06-25T11:28:16","slug":"operation-sindoor-and-the-commodification-of-national-sentiment-a-legal-and-ethical-crossroads-in-trade-mark-law","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2025\/06\/25\/operation-sindoor-and-the-commodification-of-national-sentiment-a-legal-and-ethical-crossroads-in-trade-mark-law\/","title":{"rendered":"Operation Sindoor and the Commodification of National Sentiment: A Legal and Ethical Crossroads in Trade Mark Law"},"content":{"rendered":"<div style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;\">\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">In the immediate aftermath of a national tragedy, symbols and words take on lives of their own. They become vessels of grief, unity, resistance and memory. One such phrase i.e. \u201cOperation Sindoor\u201d, was recently etched into public consciousness following India&#8217;s military retaliation against cross-border terrorism in Pahalgam, Kashmir. Intended as a mark of strategic response and homage to fallen civilians and soldiers, the name is now at the heart of a far-reaching legal and ethical controversy that has exposed critical lacunae in India&#8217;s trade mark regime.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">The controversy arose when, shortly after the Government of India publicly announced the name of the operation, multiple trade mark applications were filed seeking exclusive commercial rights over the term \u201cOperation Sindoor\u201d. These applications were largely filed under Class 41, covering entertainment, cultural, media, and educational services, prompting intense backlash and a recently filed public interest litigation (PIL) before the Supreme Court.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">But the issue at hand extends well beyond one PIL or a handful of trade mark filings. It raises a fundamental question: Should names associated with national military operations particularly those evoking public emotion, sacrifice, and State action be subject to private appropriation through intellectual property law?<\/p>\n<h2>The legal landscape: Trademarking names of national significance<\/h2>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 1%;\">At the center of the legal debate lies Section <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001563745\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">9<\/a> of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002776236\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Trade Marks Act, 1999<\/a><a id=\"fnref1\" title=\"1. Trade Marks Act, 1999, S. 9.\" href=\"#fn1\"><sup>1<\/sup><\/a>, which outlines absolute grounds for refusal of registration. Section 9(2)(<span style=\"font-style: italic;\">b<\/span>) specifically bars the registration of marks that:<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%; margin-left: 36pt; font-weight: bold;\">\u2018it contains or comprises of any matter likely to hurt the religious susceptibilities of any class or section of the citizens of India.\u2019<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">Though this provision speaks directly to religious sentiments, courts have, in past cases, interpreted it broadly to include public morality and decency as a ground for exclusion. Section 9(1)(<span style=\"font-style: italic;\">a<\/span>), moreover, excludes marks that lack distinctiveness; a likely barrier for generic or descriptive names, particularly those originating from government declarations.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">That the names of military operations arguably fall into this category. They are State-authored designations, created not for commerce but for strategic communication. They exist in the public domain, often announced through official press releases, and instantly take on national significance. Their purpose is not to function as commercial signifiers but as historical and political reference points.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">In this context, a commercial entity&#8217;s claim to such a term under the guise of brand-building risks being seen as misappropriation of State property or public sentiment, both of which have been treated cautiously by Indian courts.<\/p>\n<h2>Precedent and comparative jurisprudence<\/h2>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">India lacks a formal legal framework akin to the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002831281\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Emblems and Names (Prevention of Improper Use) Act, 1950<\/a><a id=\"fnref2\" title=\"2. Emblems and Names (Prevention of Improper Use) Act, 1950.\" href=\"#fn2\"><sup>2<\/sup><\/a>, when it comes to military operations; though the 1950 Act prohibits registration of names like \u201cPresident of India\u201d, \u201cAshoka Chakra, or \u201cGovernment of India\u201d for private enterprise.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">In other jurisdictions, Government and military names are rigorously protected. The United States Patent and Trademark Office (U<span style=\"font-variant: small-caps;\">SPTO<\/span>) routinely rejects trade marks for active military operation names such as \u201cDesert Storm\u201d or \u201cEnduring Freedom\u201d, citing grounds of being Government originated and therefore non-proprietary. Additionally, such marks are often viewed as deceptive or contrary to public policy when used for commercial purposes.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">India, however, has no explicit rule preventing trade mark registration of military terms unless challenged through opposition or public interest litigation. This regulatory vacuum creates a dangerous precedent where a military term still in public use can be sequestered by private actors for commercial deployment such as in movies, web series, merchandise, or infotainment campaigns.<\/p>\n<h2>Cultural and ethical dimensions<\/h2>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">Beyond the law lies a more profound terrain: The cultural ethics of naming and appropriation.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">\u201cOperation Sindoor\u201d resonates deeply within Indian society because of its dual symbolism; military resistance and feminine sacrifice. The word \u201csindoor\u201d, traditionally linked to marital fidelity and widowhood, has been employed metaphorically to highlight the cost borne by women whose spouses become martyrs. Its use as a military code name is thus not just symbolic, but emotionally charged, making any attempt to commercialise it potentially offensive.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">When corporate entities attempt to co-opt such terms for media or entertainment ventures, they risk undermining the symbolic weight of national trauma. Public outcry over Reliance&#8217;s now withdrawn application demonstrates how strongly citizens feel about the sanctity of such terms. To the average citizen, such trade mark applications appear less as routine business filings and more as insensitive profiteering on the nation&#8217;s grief.<\/p>\n<h2>The need for a \u201cprotected names\u201d doctrine in IP law<\/h2>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">The current controversy illustrates the urgent need for a coherent policy framework to govern use of names that are intimately tied to national events or identity.<\/p>\n<p>One possible solution is the creation of a \u201cprohibited list\u201d of terms similar to the Schedule under the 1950 Act which would include:<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 36pt; text-indent: -18pt;\">(<span style=\"font-style: italic;\">a<\/span>) Names of ongoing or past military operations.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 36pt; text-indent: -18pt;\">(<span style=\"font-style: italic;\">b<\/span>) Natural disasters or public tragedies (e.g. \u201cUttarakhand floods<span style=\"font-style: italic;\">\u201d, \u201c<\/span>Pulwama attack\u201d).<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 36pt; text-indent: -18pt; margin-bottom: 3%;\">(<span style=\"font-style: italic;\">c<\/span>) Titles of State campaigns or initiatives (e.g. \u201cSwachh Bharat Abhiyan<span style=\"font-style: italic;\">\u201d, \u201c<\/span>Make in India\u201d).<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">Such lists could be maintained by the Ministry of Commerce in consultation with the Ministries of Defence, Home Affairs and Culture. Trademark examiners could be instructed to suo motu reject applications that infringe upon national dignity or collective trauma thus, placing public sentiment ahead of private commerce.<\/p>\n<h2>Conclusion: The commercialisation of memory<\/h2>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">The attempt to trade mark \u201cOperation Sindoor\u201d may have arisen from business strategy or brand opportunism, but its broader impact highlights a moral blind spot in India&#8217;s IP ecosystem. As India continues to modernise its intellectual property regime, it must also grapple with the cultural and ethical implications of what can and should be commodified.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">In an age where brand visibility often trumps sensitivity, the debate around Operation Sindoor offers a necessary pause. It invites the nation to reconsider not just the letter of the law, but the spirit of remembrance and restraint that must govern how we treat symbols of sacrifice.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<hr \/>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 18pt; text-indent: -18pt;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000080;\">*Advocate, New Delhi. Author can be reached at: <a href=\"mailto:advocate.stutibisht@gmail.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">advocate.stutibisht@gmail.com<\/a>.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 18pt; text-indent: -18pt;\"><a id=\"fn1\" href=\"#fnref1\">1.<\/a> <a href=\"http:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink\/944Il1rZ\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Trade Marks Act, 1999, S. 9<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 18pt; text-indent: -18pt;\"><a id=\"fn2\" href=\"#fnref2\">2.<\/a> <a href=\"http:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink\/daY3NxYD\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Emblems and Names (Prevention of Improper Use) Act, 1950<\/a>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>by Stuti Bisht*<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":67011,"featured_media":351481,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[42503,1191],"tags":[84126,84129,84130,84127,81874,2832,84128,42104,84131],"class_list":["post-351478","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-legal-analysis","category-op-ed","tag-commodification-of-national-sentiment","tag-desert-storm","tag-enduring-freedom","tag-legal-and-ethical-crossroads","tag-operation-sindoor","tag-public_interest_litigation","tag-trade-mark-law","tag-trade-marks-act","tag-uspto"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v26.4 (Yoast SEO v26.4) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Operation Sindoor and the Commodification of National Sentiment: A Legal and Ethical Crossroads in Trade Mark Law | SCC 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LLC against a family restaurant, the Delhi High Court stayed the operation of the mark \u2018BURGER KING\u2019 in Class 43 as it was identical to the well-known mark \u2018BURGER KING\u2019 and was likely to deceive public and create confusion.","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Case Briefs&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"delhi high court","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/delhi-high-court.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/delhi-high-court.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/delhi-high-court.webp?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/delhi-high-court.webp?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":355118,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2025\/07\/31\/bombay-hc-fir-operation-sindoor-whatsapp-post\/","url_meta":{"origin":351478,"position":2},"title":"Bombay High Court refuses to quash FIR against teacher over mocking posts on \u2018Operation Sindoor\u2019 in WhatsApp group","author":"Editor","date":"July 31, 2025","format":false,"excerpt":"The Court reiterated that social media is misused by certain people in the garb of \u201cFreedom of Speech and Expression\u201d by posting such material that creates hatred and disharmony among the people, such actions are detrimental to national unity and public order.","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Case Briefs&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"FIR against teacher for mocking Operation Sindoor","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/FIR-against-teacher-for-mocking-Operation-Sindoor.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/FIR-against-teacher-for-mocking-Operation-Sindoor.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/FIR-against-teacher-for-mocking-Operation-Sindoor.webp?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/FIR-against-teacher-for-mocking-Operation-Sindoor.webp?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":262323,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2022\/02\/24\/wearing-sindoor-and-shakha\/","url_meta":{"origin":351478,"position":3},"title":"The Art of Judgment Reporting Must Begin with Wholesome Reading!  Wearing Sindoor and Shakha: Obiter Dicta or Ratio Decidendi","author":"Editor","date":"February 24, 2022","format":false,"excerpt":"by Bhavna Mehrotra\u2020","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Op Eds&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Op Eds","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/op-ed\/legal-analysis\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/GauhatiArticle.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/GauhatiArticle.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/GauhatiArticle.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/GauhatiArticle.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/GauhatiArticle.jpg?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":367526,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2025\/11\/24\/cam-advises-sumitomo-rubber-first-smell-mark-india-2025\/","url_meta":{"origin":351478,"position":4},"title":"CAM acts as Indian Legal Counsel to Sumitomo Rubber in India&#8217;s First Accepted Olfactory Mark","author":"Editor","date":"November 24, 2025","format":false,"excerpt":"The landmark decision by the Controller General recognises olfactory marks under the Trade Marks Act, 1999, marking a major step toward India\u2019s adoption of non-traditional trademarks.","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Law Firms News&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Law Firms News","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/news\/law-firms-news\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"India's First Smell Mark Registration","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Indias-First-Smell-Mark-Registration.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Indias-First-Smell-Mark-Registration.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Indias-First-Smell-Mark-Registration.webp?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Indias-First-Smell-Mark-Registration.webp?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":240203,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2020\/12\/05\/can-a-generic-expression-be-granted-registration-and-or-protection-as-a-trade-mark-under-trade-mark-laws-ipab-explains-if-n-95-is-capable-of-being-registered-or-protected-as-a-trade-mark\/","url_meta":{"origin":351478,"position":5},"title":"Can a generic expression be granted registration and\/or protection as a trade mark under trade mark laws? 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