{"id":351150,"date":"2025-06-21T11:30:14","date_gmt":"2025-06-21T06:00:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/?p=351150"},"modified":"2025-06-25T10:53:03","modified_gmt":"2025-06-25T05:23:03","slug":"bomhc-quashes-fir-under-s-306-stating-instigation-insufficient-to-compel-suicide","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2025\/06\/21\/bomhc-quashes-fir-under-s-306-stating-instigation-insufficient-to-compel-suicide\/","title":{"rendered":"[S.306 IPC] \u2018Act of instigation must be such, where deceased has no choice, but to commit suicide\u2019; Bombay HC quashes FIR"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Bombay High Court:<\/span> The Division Bench of Revati Mohite Dere*<\/span> and Dr. Neela Gokhale, JJ., heard a writ petition preferred under Article 226<\/a> of the Constitution<\/a> and under Section 482<\/a> of the Criminal Procedure Code, 1973<\/a> that sought the quashing of the FIR for the alleged offences punishable under Sections 306<\/a>, 506(2)<\/a> and 34<\/a> of the Penal Code, 1860<\/a> (\u2018IPC\u2019). The petitioner was accused of instigating the suicide of the deceased for harassment over a loan given by him to the deceased. The Court held that it was not possible from any angle to conclude that the petitioner instigated the deceased to commit suicide by demanding the payment of the amount borrowed by him or that the petitioner used abusive language or intimidated him.<\/p>\n

Background:<\/h3>\n

The petitioner was a businessman manufacturing electrical control panels and the deceased ran a business of household articles. The petitioner had good relations with the deceased\u2019s family and had even advanced loans to the deceased and his son through loan agreements. On 27-10-2015, the petitioner\u2019s wife advanced a sum of Rs. 25 lakhs to the deceased without a written agreement which was later made part of the agreement dated 17-3-2017. The deceased committed suicide on 24-7-2017 and in his statement on the same day, his son did not disclose any suspicion on anyone.<\/p>\n

On 1-9-2017, the deceased\u2019s family changed their residence. The wife found a suicide note on 10-12-2017 while unpacking and thereafter lodged an FIR on 22-12-2017 against the persons mentioned in that note. From the note, it appeared that the deceased started writing it on 20-7-2017 which continued till 23-7-2017 wherein he made allegations against 9 persons including the petitioner. He wrote that the named people had taken money from him and cheated and threatened him over the same and specifically called out the petitioner of being very harsh in collecting his interest money.<\/p>\n

The prosecution along with the suicide note, relied on the statement of the deceased\u2019s employee, recorded on 28-1-2018, who said that the deceased had borrowed a huge sum of money on interest from the petitioner and had repeatedly requested the petitioner to reduce the interest rate. He further stated that the petitioner along with few others, mentally tortured the deceased. But it was contended by the petitioner that the only evidence against the petitioner was the suicide note and the statement of the deceased\u2019s employee, did not even remotely make out a case under any of the provisions and sought the FIR to be quashed.<\/p>\n

Analysis:<\/h3>\n

The Court said that the question to be considered was whether an offence under Sections 306<\/a> and 506(2)<\/a> IPC<\/a>, was made out, qua the petitioner, keeping in mind the evidence sought to be relied upon by the prosecution, to which the Court answered that taking the prosecution case as it stands, no offence as alleged was disclosed qua the petitioner. The Court further stated that the petitioner who had given loan to the deceased by executing a loan agreement had, in no way the requisite mens rea to instigate the deceased to commit suicide.<\/p>\n

The Court opined that for an act of instigation to constitute an offence under Section 306<\/a> IPC<\/a>, it was required to be of such an intensity, as to push the deceased to such perplexity under which he had no choice, but to commit suicide. Such instigation must also be in close proximity to the act and time of suicide, but both these factors were absent in this case.<\/p>\n

The Court referred to Mahendra Awase<\/span> v. State of M.P<\/span>., 2025 SCC Online SC 107<\/a>, wherein the Supreme Court held that \u201cthe person who is said to have abetted the commission of suicide must have played an active role by an act of instigation or by doing certain act to facilitate the commission of suicide\u201d. Thus, this Court observed that a mere allegation or accusation of harassment made by the deceased prior to his death, could not be treated as the fulcrum of an offence under Section 306<\/a> IPC<\/a>.<\/p>\n

The Court highlighted that the ingredients of Section 107 were sine qua non<\/span> for constituting an offence under Section 306<\/a> IPC<\/a> and that instigation or incitement on the part of the accused person was the gravamen of the offence of abetment to suicide. It was not possible from any angle to conclude that the petitioner instigated the deceased to commit suicide by demanding the payment of the amount borrowed by him or that the petitioner used abusive language or intimidated him. The Court also observed that the statement of the deceased\u2019s employee nowhere revealed that the petitioner had come to the shop to demand money. Nor did the suicide note reveal any proximity between the petitioner\u2019s act and the deceased committing suicide.<\/p>\n

Therefore, after the above considerations, the Court quashed and set aside the FIR as well as the charge-sheet filed against the petitioner and accordingly disposed of the petition.<\/p>\n

[Nishit Patel v. State of Maharashtra, 2025 SCC OnLine Bom 2397<\/a>, decided on 18-6-2025<\/span>]<\/p>\n

*Judgment authored by: Justice Revati Mohite Dere<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\n

Advocates who appeared in this case :<\/p>\n

For the Petitioner:<\/span> Rahul Moghe a\/w Kalyani Rathod.<\/p>\n

For the Respondents:<\/span> S. S. Kaushik APP for the Respondent 1-State; Rakesh Kumar Singh, for the Respondent 2.<\/p>\n

Buy Constitution of India \u00a0HERE<\/a><\/h3>\n

\"Constitution<\/a><\/p>\n

Buy Penal Code, 1860 \u00a0 HERE<\/a><\/h3>\n

\"penal<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Instigation or incitement on the part of the accused person was the gravamen of the offence of abetment to suicide but a mere allegation or accusation of harassment made by the deceased prior to his death, cannot be held as the fulcrum of an offence under Section 306 IPC.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":67011,"featured_media":314919,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3,10],"tags":[22444,55056,2569,62250,71597,61746,83855,19891,33204,30947,13021,32646],"class_list":["post-351150","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-casebriefs","category-highcourts","tag-abetment-of-suicide","tag-article-226-constitution","tag-Bombay_High_Court","tag-criminal-writ-petition","tag-justice-dr-neela-gokhale","tag-justice-revati-mohite-dere","tag-loan-harassment","tag-quashing-fir","tag-section-107-ipc","tag-section-306-ipc","tag-section-482-crpc","tag-suicide-note"],"yoast_head":"\n\u2018Instigation must be such where deceased has no choice but to commit suicide\u2019; 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Proof of instigation and abetment is necessary","author":"Editor","date":"August 9, 2022","format":false,"excerpt":"\u00a0 \u00a0 Andhra Pradesh High Court: Subba Reddy Satti J. granted anticipatory bail to the Chief Executing Officer (applicant-accused) as on perusal of complaint there was no sign of instigation and abetment and mere allegation of harassment will not attract offence under Section 306 Penal Code, 1860 (\u2018IPC') unless such\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Case Briefs"","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":295003,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2023\/06\/20\/madhya-pradesh-high-court-fir-allegation-against-rape-accused-not-abetment-of-suicide\/","url_meta":{"origin":351150,"position":1},"title":"Allegations in FIR against rape accused cannot be considered as abetment of suicide: Madhya Pradesh High Court","author":"Ritu","date":"June 20, 2023","format":false,"excerpt":"Madhya Pradesh High Court quashed the FIR and consequential criminal proceedings arising thereafter.","rel":"","context":"In "Case Briefs"","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Madhya Pradesh High Court","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/madhya-pradesh-high-court.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/madhya-pradesh-high-court.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/madhya-pradesh-high-court.webp?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/madhya-pradesh-high-court.webp?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":223482,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2019\/12\/24\/bom-hc-explains-abetment-by-instigation-while-acquitting-in-laws-of-offences-punishable-under-ss-306-and-498-a-ipc\/","url_meta":{"origin":351150,"position":2},"title":"Bom HC explains “abetment by instigation” while acquitting in-laws of offences punishable under Ss. 306 and 498-A IPC","author":"Bhumika Indulia","date":"December 24, 2019","format":false,"excerpt":"Bombay High Court:\u00a0K.R. Shriram, J., dismissed an appeal filed against the order of the trial court whereby it had acquitted of the offences punishable under Sections 498-A, 306, 201 read with Section 34 Penal Code, 1860. The accused were the in-laws of the deceased. The complainant (father of the deceased)and\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Case Briefs"","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/Bombay-HC.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/Bombay-HC.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/Bombay-HC.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/Bombay-HC.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/Bombay-HC.jpg?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":208024,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2019\/01\/14\/delhi-hc-slapping-husband-in-presence-of-others-not-enough-to-show-instigation-to-commit-suicide\/","url_meta":{"origin":351150,"position":3},"title":"Del HC| Slapping husband in presence of others not enough to show instigation to commit suicide","author":"Bhumika Indulia","date":"January 14, 2019","format":false,"excerpt":"Delhi High Court:\u00a0The Bench of Sanjeev Sachdeva, J. discharged the petitioner-wife of the offence under Section 306 IPC for allegedly abetting suicide of her husband. Petitioner was wife of the deceased who committed suicide in 2015. It was alleged that on 31-7-2015, petitioner had slapped the deceased in front of\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Case Briefs"","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":235115,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2020\/08\/31\/guj-hc-will-the-act-of-demanding-repayment-of-money-bring-a-case-within-the-meaning-of-s-306-ipc-hc-throws-light-on-ingredients-of-abetment-to-suicide\/","url_meta":{"origin":351150,"position":4},"title":"Guj HC | Will the Act of demanding repayment of money bring a case within the meaning of S. 306 IPC? HC throws light on ingredients of abetment to suicide","author":"Bhumika Indulia","date":"August 31, 2020","format":false,"excerpt":"Gujarat High Court:\u00a0Gita Gopi, J., while addressing an issue with regard to abetment to suicide held that in accordance with the ingredients of Section 306 of the Penal Code, 1860 the act of demanding the repayment of money would not bring a case within the meaning of Section 306 of\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Case Briefs"","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/1200px-Gujarat-High-Court-1.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/1200px-Gujarat-High-Court-1.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/1200px-Gujarat-High-Court-1.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/1200px-Gujarat-High-Court-1.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/1200px-Gujarat-High-Court-1.jpg?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":273516,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2022\/09\/12\/bombay-high-court-mohan-delkar-suicide-praful-khoda-patel-and-eight-others-fir-quashed-legal-news-updates\/","url_meta":{"origin":351150,"position":5},"title":"MP Mohan Delkar Suicide| Why Bombay High Court quashed FIRs against Dadra and Nagar Haveli UT Administrator Praful Khoda Patel and 8 others","author":"Editor","date":"September 12, 2022","format":false,"excerpt":"Bombay High Court: While deliberating upon the instant writ petitions for quashment of FIR registered in connection with the suicide of prominent tribal leader Mohanbhai Sanjibhai Delkar,(MP, Dadra and Nagar Haveli), the Division Bench of Prasanna B. Varale and Shrikant D. Kulkarni, JJ., exercised their powers under Section 482 of\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Case Briefs"","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Bombay High Court","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Bombay-HC.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Bombay-HC.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Bombay-HC.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Bombay-HC.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Bombay-HC.jpg?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x"},"classes":[]}],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/351150","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/67011"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=351150"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/351150\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/314919"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=351150"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=351150"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=351150"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}