{"id":350119,"date":"2025-06-09T10:00:04","date_gmt":"2025-06-09T04:30:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/?p=350119"},"modified":"2025-06-12T10:21:39","modified_gmt":"2025-06-12T04:51:39","slug":"ossification-test-required-in-absence-of-date-of-birth-proof-dhc-acquits-pocso-accused","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2025\/06\/09\/ossification-test-required-in-absence-of-date-of-birth-proof-dhc-acquits-pocso-accused\/","title":{"rendered":"In absence of any documentary proof of date of birth, ossification test is required: Delhi HC sets aside conviction under POCSO Act"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Delhi High Court:<\/span> In an appeal filed by the appellant (\u2018accused\u2019) under Section 415 of the Bharatiya Nagrik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023<\/a> assailing the judgment of conviction and order on sentence, whereby the appellant was convicted in a FIR registered under Sections 376<\/a> of the Penal Code, 1860<\/a> and Section 6<\/a> Protection of Children from Sexual Offences Act, 2012<\/a> (\u2018POCSO Act\u2019), Amit Sharma, J.<\/span>, stated that when as per the prosecution\u2019s case, the survivor\u2019s age was approximately 17 years at the time of the incident, therefore in absence of any documentary proof of the date of birth, the ossification test as per Section 94(2)(iii)<\/a> of the Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act, 2015<\/a> (\u2018JJ Act\u2019) ought to have been conducted.<\/p>\n

The Court stated that the prosecution had failed to discharge its obligation to prove that the survivor was a child as per Section 2(1)(d) of the POCSO Act. Further, the survivor had clearly stated that relationship was consensual in nature, and she had also repeatedly stated that the relationship had started at her instance. Thus, the Court set aside the judgment of conviction dated 4-6-2024 and order on sentence dated 3-10-2024 and accordingly acquitted the accused.<\/p>\n

Background<\/h3>\n

On 30-5-2017, an information was received regarding the survivor aged about 17 years of being admitted in BSA Hospital. The survivor had given birth to a child and was unmarried at that time. On receiving the said information IO reached the hospital and collected the Medico-legal case of the survivor wherein it was stated that the survivor\u2019s cousin aged about 30 years had forcefully established physical relations with her. The doctor then handed over certain samples of the newborn child and the survivor to the IO.<\/p>\n

Thereafter the survivor\u2019s statement was recorded wherein she alleged that about 10 months prior to the registration of the present FIR, her distant relative i.e. the accused came to her family\u2019s house and started residing there. It was further alleged that one day when there was no family member at the house, the accused forcefully established physical relations with her and thereafter, threatened her not to disclose the said incident to anyone. It was further stated that she did not tell anyone regarding the aforesaid incident due to the threat made by the accused. Thereafter, on 30-5-2017 she experienced abdominal pain due to which her mother took her to the hospital, and she was informed regarding her pregnancy and gave birth to a child.<\/p>\n

After hearing final arguments on behalf of the parties, the impugned judgment of conviction and order on sentence was passed. The accused submitted that the survivor in her initial statement alleged that the accused had forcefully established physical relations with her but in her deposition before the Trial Court, she categorically denied. The accused also pointed out that on the date of the incident the age of the survivor was 19 \u00bd years and the same was confirmed by the survivor during her examination before the Trial Court.<\/p>\n

The issue before the Court was whether the survivor was less than 18 years of age. The case of the prosecution was that the date of birth of the survivor as per the school records was 3-8-1999 bringing her age on the date of the incident to around 17 years.<\/p>\n

Analysis, Law, and Decision on importance of Ossification Test<\/h3>\n

The Court stated that whenever a dispute regarding the age of a person arises in context of her\/him being a minor, the Court should take recourse to the steps indicated under Section 94(2) of JJ Act. The three primary documents which would require consideration for the Court would be the following documents:<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Date of birth certificate issued by school or matriculation or equivalent certificate;<\/li>\n
  2. If the aforesaid document is not available, then date of birth could be decided as per birth certificate issued by corporation or municipal authority or a panchayat;<\/li>\n
  3. \n

    However, if that is also not available, then the age could be determined based on the ossification test or any other latest medical age determination test.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    The Court stated that the only document which was produced on record was a school admission register, which were not based on any proof of birth document issued by any Corporation or a Municipal Authority or a Panchayat. Thus, in absence of the same and in view of the stand taken by the survivor in her statement under Section 164<\/a> of the Criminal Procedure Code, 1973<\/a> (\u2018CrPC\u2019), where she stated that the date of birth given to the school was wrong as she was born on Holi in March 1998, it was incumbent upon the prosecution to establish that her age was less than 18 years by conducting ossification test or any other latest medical age determination test.<\/p>\n

    The Court stated that in the peculiar circumstances of this case, when as per the prosecution\u2019s case, the survivor\u2019s age was approximately 17 years at the time of the incident, therefore in absence of any documentary proof of the date of birth, the ossification test as per Section 94(2)(iii) of the JJ Act ought to have been conducted. In the present case, despite the clear statement given by the survivor that the relationship between the accused and herself was consensual in nature, he was convicted under the POCSO, only because on the date of incident she was less than 18 years of age.<\/p>\n

    The Court further noted the survivor\u2019s statement under Section 164<\/a> of CrPC<\/a>, wherein she categorically stated that the accused was reluctant however, she insisted. Thus, there was no inducement on part of the accused. Moreover, even as per the case of the prosecution, age of the survivor was around 17 years and, in these circumstances, not proving the case beyond reasonable doubt as mandated under Section 94<\/a> of the JJ Act<\/a>, the benefit of doubt ought to go to the accused.<\/p>\n

    The Court stated that the prosecution had failed to discharge its obligation to prove that the survivor was a child as per Section 2(1)(d) of the POCSO Act. Further, the survivor had clearly stated that relationship was consensual in nature, and she had also repeatedly stated that the relationship had started at her instance.<\/p>\n

    Thus, the Court set aside the judgment of conviction dated 4-6-2024 and order on sentence dated 3-10-2024 and accordingly acquitted the accused.<\/p>\n

    [Karan Kumar v. State (NCT of Delhi), 2025 SCC OnLine Del 4239<\/a>, decided on 3-6-2025<\/span>]<\/p>\n

    \n

    Advocates who appeared in this case :<\/p>\n

    For the Appellant:<\/span> M.P. Sinha, Yatharth Sinha, Neeraj Kanwar, Hitesh Thakur, Arnav Jain, Govind Pareek, Vikas Kumar, Satyam Mishra, Shwetabh Sharma, Shubham Tyagi, Arjun Singh Didaliya, Ankit Sahu and Kanchan Bharti, Advocates.<\/p>\n

    For the Respondents:<\/span> Shubhi Gupta, APP for the State. SI Bharti Singh, P.S. Aman Vihar; Tanya Agarwal, Advocate.<\/p>\n

    Buy Protection of Children from Sexual Offences Act, 2012 \u00a0 HERE<\/a><\/h3>\n

    \"protection<\/a><\/p>\n

    Buy Penal Code, 1860 \u00a0 HERE<\/a><\/h3>\n

    \"penal<\/a><\/p>\n

    Buy Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 \u00a0HERE<\/a><\/h3>\n

    \"Code<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    “In the present case, despite the clear statement given by the survivor that the relationship between the appellant and herself was consensual in nature, he has been convicted under the POCSO Act only for the reason that on the date of incident she was less than 18 years of age.”<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":67520,"featured_media":314886,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3,10],"tags":[83224,42026,26574,2543,83223,13961,31447,69862,45333,62100,23524],"class_list":["post-350119","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-casebriefs","category-highcourts","tag-age-determination-test","tag-consensual-relationship","tag-date-of-birth","tag-Delhi_High_Court","tag-documentary-proof","tag-ipc","tag-jj-act","tag-justice-amit-sharma","tag-ossification-test","tag-pocso-accused","tag-pocso-act"],"yoast_head":"\nOssification test must absence of date of birth proof| SCC Times<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"In absence of any documentary proof of date of birth, ossification test is required. 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Bombay High Court acquits accused","author":"Arunima","date":"May 9, 2023","format":false,"excerpt":"Eruption of wisdom tooth may at the most suggest that the age of the person is 17 years or above, but non-eruption or absence of wisdom tooth does not conclusively prove that the person is below 18 years of age.","rel":"","context":"In "Case Briefs"","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Bombay High Court","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/MicrosoftTeams-image-581.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/MicrosoftTeams-image-581.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/MicrosoftTeams-image-581.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/MicrosoftTeams-image-581.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":297286,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2023\/07\/20\/school-transfer-certificate-not-document-age-determination-victim-pocso-act-supreme-court\/","url_meta":{"origin":350119,"position":1},"title":"School Transfer Certificate not acceptable for age determination of victim in POCSO Act: Supreme Court","author":"Ridhi","date":"July 20, 2023","format":false,"excerpt":"Supreme Court regarded the result of ossification or bone test in the instant matter, as the most authentic evidence for being corroborated by the examining doctor as well.","rel":"","context":"In "Case Briefs"","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"age determination of victim in pocso act","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/age-determination-of-victim-in-pocso-act.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/age-determination-of-victim-in-pocso-act.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/age-determination-of-victim-in-pocso-act.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/age-determination-of-victim-in-pocso-act.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":291352,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2023\/05\/05\/school-records-not-free-from-doubt-allahabad-hc-age-determination-of-victim-in-pocso-act\/","url_meta":{"origin":350119,"position":2},"title":"\u2018Victim’s date of birth recorded in school records not free from doubt\u2019; Allahabad High Court acquits POCSO Convict on benefit of doubt","author":"Apoorva","date":"May 5, 2023","format":false,"excerpt":"Allahabad High Court said that the admission form has not been filled in by the parents of the victim, but by a stranger, whose credentials are unknown. Thus, the significance of victim's medical age determination will be considered, as per which, she was a major on the date of the\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Case Briefs"","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"allahabad high court","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/allahabad-high-court.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/allahabad-high-court.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/allahabad-high-court.webp?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/allahabad-high-court.webp?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":207382,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2018\/12\/29\/prosecution-cant-disown-its-witness-unless-declared-hostile-ossification-test-comes-into-play-only-if-documentary-and-other-evidence-doesnt-establish-victims-age\/","url_meta":{"origin":350119,"position":3},"title":"Prosecution can’t disown its witness unless declared hostile; ossification test comes into play only if documentary and other evidence doesn’t establish victim’s age","author":"Bhumika Indulia","date":"December 29, 2018","format":false,"excerpt":"Bombay High Court:\u00a0A Division Bench comprising of S.B. Shukre and S.M. Modak, JJ. allowed a set of criminal appeals filed against the judgment of Sessions Judge whereby the appellants were convicted under Section 376 (2)(n)\u00a0IPC and under various sections of Protection of Children from Sexual Offences Act, 2012 and Prohibition\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Case Briefs"","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/Bombay-HC.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/Bombay-HC.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/Bombay-HC.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/Bombay-HC.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/Bombay-HC.jpg?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":191384,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2018\/02\/21\/separate-sentences-ss-354-354-451-ipc-not-called-accused-also-convicted-s-10-pocso\/","url_meta":{"origin":350119,"position":4},"title":"Separate sentences under Ss. 354\/354-A and 451 IPC are not called for, where accused is also convicted under S. 10 POCSO","author":"Saba","date":"February 21, 2018","format":false,"excerpt":"Delhi High Court: A Single Judge Bench of the Delhi High Court comprising of S.P. Garg, J., disposed of a criminal appeal which challenged a judgment by which, the appellant was held guilty for committing the offences punishable under Sections 354\/354A\/451 IPC and Section 10 POCSO Act. The appellant, under\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Case Briefs"","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":259823,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2022\/01\/11\/del-hc-upholds-conviction-for-rape-and-penetrative-sexual-assault-where-wife-was-below-18-yrs-of-age\/","url_meta":{"origin":350119,"position":5},"title":"Del HC upholds conviction for rape and penetrative sexual assault where ‘wife’ was below 18 yrs of age","author":"Bhumika Indulia","date":"January 11, 2022","format":false,"excerpt":"Delhi High Court: \u00a0Mukta Gupta, J., decided an appeal challenging the impugned decision whereby the appellant had been convicted for the impugned decision whereby he had been convicted for offences punishable under Section 376 of Penal Code, 1860 read with Section 4 of the POCSO Act and the order on\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Case Briefs"","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]}],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/350119","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/67520"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=350119"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/350119\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/314886"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=350119"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=350119"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=350119"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}