{"id":346987,"date":"2025-05-02T14:00:49","date_gmt":"2025-05-02T08:30:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/?p=346987"},"modified":"2025-05-06T14:42:52","modified_gmt":"2025-05-06T09:12:52","slug":"hc-exercising-supervisory-jurisdiction-art227-reject-plaint-sc-legal-news","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2025\/05\/02\/hc-exercising-supervisory-jurisdiction-art227-reject-plaint-sc-legal-news\/","title":{"rendered":"High Court\u2019s supervisory power under Art. 227 can\u2019t be invoked to usurp original jurisdiction of the court which it seeks to supervise: SC"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Supreme Court:<\/span> While considering the instant appeal wherein the question arose that whether the High Court in exercise of its supervisory jurisdiction under Article 227<\/a> of the Constitution<\/a> reject a plaint? The Division Bench of P.S. Narasimha and Joymalya Bagchi*<\/span>, JJ., held that essence of the power under Article 227 being supervisory, neither it can be invoked to usurp the original jurisdiction of the court which it seeks to supervise, nor can it be invoked to supplant a statutory legal remedy under the Civil Procedure Code, 1908<\/a>. Illustrating with an example, the Court pointed out that existence of appellate remedy under Section 96<\/a> of the CPC<\/a> operates as a near total bar to exercise of supervisory jurisdiction under Article 227<\/a> of the Constitution<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Background:<\/h3>\n

Appellants were the legal heirs i.e. wife and daughters of one K (deceased). K purchased the suit land from his own funds in the name of the respondent, who was his nephew on astrological advice. During his lifetime, K was in possession of the suit land and thereafter appellants claim to be in possession of the said land. After the death of K, disputes broke out between the appellants and sisters of K in respect of ownership of the suit land and other businesses.<\/p>\n

The respondent initiated negotiations for sale of the suit land. This prompted the appellants to file original suit seeking a declaration regarding title and consequential injunction against the respondent from encumbering the suit land. Other lands purchased by K from his own funds in the name\/joint name with other family members, were the subject matter of another suit instituted by the appellants.<\/p>\n

The respondent petitioned under Article 227 praying for rejection of plaint in both the suits. Madras High Court via the impugned order, rejected the plaint in only the 1st suit, holding the suit is barred by law i.e. Prohibition of Benami Property Transactions Act, 1988<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Aggrieved with the afore-stated order, the appellants challenged the High Court’s jurisdiction to reject the plaint in exercise of its supervisory powers under Article 227<\/a> of the Constitution<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Court’s Assessment:<\/h3>\n

Perusing the issue, the Court pointed out that power of the High Court under Article 227 is supervisory and is exercised to ensure courts and tribunals under its supervision act within the limits of their jurisdiction conferred by law. This power is to be sparingly exercised in cases where- errors are apparent on the face of record; occasioning grave injustice by the court or tribunal assuming jurisdiction which it does not have; failing to exercise jurisdiction which it does have; or exercising its jurisdiction in a perverse manner.<\/p>\n

The Court further pointed out that CPC is a self-contained Code and Order VII Rule 11 enumerates the circumstances in which the trial court may reject a plaint. Such rejection amounts to a deemed decree which is appealable before the High Court under Section 96<\/a> of the CPC<\/a>. This statutory scheme cannot be upended by invoking supervisory jurisdiction of the High Court under Article 227 to entertain a prayer for rejection of plaint<\/span>.<\/p>\n

The Court noted that in the instant case, High Court had supervened the provisions of the CPC when it rejected the plaint on the ground it was barred by law. In doing so, the High Court not only substituted itself as the Court of First Instance but also rendered nugatory a valuable right to appeal available to the appellant had the issue been adjudicated by the Trial Court in the first place<\/span>.<\/p>\n

The Court emphasised that procedural law provides the necessary legal infrastructure on which edifice of rule of law is built. “Short-circuiting of procedure to reach hasty outcomes is an undesirable propensity of an overburdened judiciary<\/span>”. Such impulses rendering procedural safeguards and substantive rights subvert certainty and consistency in law and need to be discouraged.<\/p>\n

With the afore-stated assessment, the Court thus allowed the appeal.<\/p>\n

[K. Valarmathi v. Kumaresan, 2025 SCC OnLine SC 985<\/a>, decided on 29-4-2025<\/span>]<\/p>\n

*Judgment by Justice Joymalya Bagchi<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n

Advocates who appeared in this case:<\/p>\n

For Petitioner(s):<\/span> Mr. M Gireesh Kumar, Adv. Mr. Ankur S. Kulkarni, AOR Mr. A S Naushad, Adv. Ms. Puspita Basak, Adv. Mr. Tarun, Adv<\/p>\n

For Respondent(s):<\/span> Ms. Aswathi M.K., AOR Mr. R. Baskaran, Sr. Adv. Mr. Arivazhagan.ac, Adv. Mr. S. Raju, Adv. Mr. V.C. Venkatachalam, Adv.<\/p>\n

Buy Constitution of India  HERE<\/a><\/h3>\n

\"Constitution<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

“Short-circuiting of procedure to reach hasty outcomes is an undesirable propensity of an overburdened judiciary. Such impulses rendering procedural safeguards and substantive rights subvert certainty and consistency in law and need to be discouraged”.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":346996,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3,9],"tags":[27414,60880,13291,54669,22424,26684],"class_list":["post-346987","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-casebriefs","category-supremecourt","tag-cpc","tag-justice-joymalya-bagchi","tag-practice-and-procedure","tag-property-disputes","tag-rejection-of-plaint","tag-supervisory-jurisdiction"],"yoast_head":"\nCan HC exercising supervisory jurisdiction under Article 227 of the Constitution reject a plaint? 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Del HC explains the bounden duty of Court","author":"Bhumika Indulia","date":"January 21, 2022","format":false,"excerpt":"Delhi High Court: Prateek Jalan, J., expressed that, For the purposes of an order under Order VII Rule 11 of the CPC, the Court must come to the conclusion that the plaint is required to be rejected. Present petition was filed under Article 227 of the Constitution for directing against\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Case Briefs"","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Delhi High Court","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Delhi-High-Court.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Delhi-High-Court.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Delhi-High-Court.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Delhi-High-Court.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Delhi-High-Court.jpg?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":203970,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2018\/10\/20\/supervisory-jurisdiction-of-high-court-under-article-227-confined-to-examining-if-the-lower-court-has-proceeded-within-its-jurisdiction\/","url_meta":{"origin":346987,"position":2},"title":"Supervisory jurisdiction of High Court under Article 227 confined to examining if the lower court has proceeded within its jurisdiction","author":"Bhumika Indulia","date":"October 20, 2018","format":false,"excerpt":"Karnataka High Court: A Single judge bench comprising of H.G. Ramesh, J. while hearing a civil writ petition against an interlocutory order of the trial court in a suit pending between petitioner and respondent, held that the supervisory jurisdiction of a High Court under Article 227 can be exercised only\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Case Briefs"","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":176824,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2017\/12\/19\/supervisory-jurisdiction-high-court-art-227-limited-narrow\/","url_meta":{"origin":346987,"position":3},"title":"Supervisory jurisdiction of High Court under Art. 227 is limited and narrow","author":"Saba","date":"December 19, 2017","format":false,"excerpt":"Allahabad High Court: The Court recently dismissed a revision petition assailing the order of Addl. District Judge noting that in supervisory jurisdiction of the High Court, over subordinate Courts, the scope of judicial review is very limited and narrow. The order assailed by the petitioner was a consented order and\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Case Briefs"","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":239567,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2020\/11\/24\/j-petition-dismissed-2\/","url_meta":{"origin":346987,"position":4},"title":"J&K HC | Supervisory jurisdiction is to be exercised sparingly only in appropriate cases for purposes of keeping Subordinate courts and Tribunals within bounds of their authorities; Petition dismissed \u00a0","author":"Editor","date":"November 24, 2020","format":false,"excerpt":"Jammu and Kashmir High Court: Javed Iqbal Wani J., while dismissing the present petition, discusses the ambit and scope of Article 227 of the Constitution and the statutory restriction of filing written statement within a stipulated period as mentioned under Order VIII Rule 1, Code of Civil Procedure. Background In\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Case Briefs"","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":362398,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2025\/10\/03\/know-your-judge-sc-justice-bagchi-profile\/","url_meta":{"origin":346987,"position":5},"title":"Know Thy Judge | Supreme Court of India: Justice Joymalya Bagchi\u2019s stellar career and notable judgments","author":"Sucheta","date":"October 3, 2025","format":false,"excerpt":"Justice Joymalya Bagchi formerly serving as Judge of Calcutta High Court was appointed to the Supreme Court on 10-3-2025 and is in line to become the CJI in 2031.","rel":"","context":"In "Know thy Judge"","block_context":{"text":"Know thy Judge","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/judges-information\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"justice bagchi","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/justice-bagchi.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/justice-bagchi.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/justice-bagchi.webp?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/justice-bagchi.webp?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x"},"classes":[]}],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/346987","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=346987"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/346987\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/346996"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=346987"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=346987"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=346987"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}