{"id":343543,"date":"2025-03-12T15:00:03","date_gmt":"2025-03-12T09:30:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/?p=343543"},"modified":"2025-03-18T12:28:21","modified_gmt":"2025-03-18T06:58:21","slug":"breach-of-promise-cannot-give-rise-criminal-prosecution-gauhati-hc-quashes-case-against-doctor-cheating","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2025\/03\/12\/breach-of-promise-cannot-give-rise-criminal-prosecution-gauhati-hc-quashes-case-against-doctor-cheating\/","title":{"rendered":"\u2018Mere breach of a promise cannot give rise to criminal prosecution\u2019; Gauhati HC quashes criminal proceedings against doctor accused of cheating man of Rs 2 Lakhs"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Gauhati High Court:<\/span> In a petition filed under Section 482<\/a>1<\/sup><\/a> read with Sections 401<\/a>2<\/sup><\/a> and 397<\/a>3<\/sup><\/a> of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973<\/a> (‘CrPC’) seeking quashing of the order, whereby the Trial Court took cognizance of the offences under Sections 420<\/a>4<\/sup><\/a> and 406<\/a>5<\/sup><\/a> of Penal Code, 1860<\/a> (‘IPC’) against the accused as well as the criminal proceedings pending therein, a Single Judge Bench of Kaushik Goswami, J., allowed the petition holding that there seemed to be no misappropriation or fraudulent or dishonest intention of the accused at the beginning of the transaction thus, no case under Sections 420<\/a> and 406<\/a> of IPC<\/a> could be made out.<\/p>\n

Background<\/p>\n

Allegedly, the accused agreed to sell his plot of land to the complainant and asked for an advance payment of Rs. 2 lakhs. Accordingly, the complainant paid the advance money in the presence of two witnesses and received the transaction receipt. However, later there was no compliance on the end of the accused. Aggrieved, the complainant sent a legal notice to the accused and then attempted to compromise the matter. The accused at that time expressed to pay the lump-sum amount.<\/p>\n

Consequently, the complainant filed a complaint petition alleging cheating by the accused. A complaint case was registered, and cognizance was taken by the Trial Court under Sections 420<\/a> and 406 of IPC<\/a> against the accused. Aggrieved, the accused filed the present petition.<\/p>\n

Analysis and Decision<\/p>\n

The Court reiterated that every breach of trust may not result in a criminal breach of trust unless there is evidence of fraudulent misappropriation. The act of breach of trust involves a civil wrong, in which an aggrieved person may seek redressal for damages in Civil Courts, but a breach of trust with mens rea<\/span> gives rise to criminal prosecution. Similarly, a mere breach of contract cannot give rise to criminal prosecution for cheating unless fraudulent or dishonest intention is shown at the beginning of the transaction. To hold the person guilty of cheating, it is necessary to show that he had fraudulent or dishonest intentions at the time of making the promise.<\/span><\/p>\n

The Court held that in the present case, there seemed to be no misappropriation, or fraudulent or dishonest intention at the beginning of the transaction, thus a case under Sections 420 and 406 of IPC could not be made out. The Court further held that a mere breach of a promise cannot give rise to criminal prosecution. Thus, the order of the Trial Court taking cognizance under Sections 420 and 406 of IPC against the accused was palpably and manifestly erroneous.<\/p>\n

Accordingly, the Court allowed the petition thereby quashing the Trial Court order taking cognizance as well as the whole criminal proceedings.<\/p>\n

[Sri Brajendra Das v. State of Assam, 2025 SCC OnLine Gau 997<\/a>, decided on 07-03-2025<\/span>]<\/p>\n\n

Advocates who appeared in this case:<\/p>\n

For the petitioner:<\/span> B. Goswami<\/p>\n

For the respondent:<\/span> P.S. Lahkar<\/p>\n

Buy Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973  HERE<\/a><\/h3>\n

\"Code<\/a><\/p>\n

Buy Penal Code, 1860   HERE<\/a><\/h3>\n

\"penal<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n

1.<\/a> Section 528<\/a> of Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023<\/a><\/p>\n

2.<\/a> Section 442<\/a> of Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023<\/a><\/p>\n

3.<\/a> Section 438<\/a> of Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023<\/a><\/p>\n

4.<\/a> Section 318(4)<\/a> of Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023<\/a><\/p>\n

5.<\/a> Section 416(2)<\/doclink> of Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

“The act of breach of trust involves a civil wrong, in which an aggrieved person may seek redressal for damages in Civil Court, but a breach of trust with mens rea gives rise to criminal prosecution.”<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":67011,"featured_media":317943,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3,10],"tags":[39801,32378,58589,14341,79703,34277,52962,79705,79704,25464,75730,29904,79550],"class_list":["post-343543","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-casebriefs","category-highcourts","tag-breach-of-promise","tag-cheating","tag-cheating-case","tag-criminal-breach-of-trust","tag-criminal-misappropriation","tag-criminal-prosecution","tag-dishonest-intention","tag-doctor-accused-of-cheating","tag-fraudulent-misappropriation","tag-gauhati-high-court","tag-justice-kaushik-goswami","tag-mens-rea","tag-quashing-proceedings"],"yoast_head":"\nGauhati HC quashes criminal proceedings against doctor accused of cheating over Rs 2 Lakhs | SCC Times<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Gauhati HC quashed criminal proceedings against doctor accused of cheating man out of Rs 2 Lakhs, ruling that mere breach of promise does not warrant criminal prosecution.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2025\/03\/12\/breach-of-promise-cannot-give-rise-criminal-prosecution-gauhati-hc-quashes-case-against-doctor-cheating\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u2018Mere breach of a promise cannot give rise to criminal prosecution\u2019; 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Anil Kumar, J., while pronouncing an order quashed the criminal proceedings stating them to be of a civil dispute. The facts of the case as presented in the present case are that, the prosecution case as against the petitioner is that, he after\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Case Briefs"","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":355027,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2025\/07\/30\/jhar-hc-order-on-requirement-of-deception-in-cheating\/","url_meta":{"origin":343543,"position":1},"title":"“Offence of cheating will not be made out unless deception is played since beginning”: Jharkhand HC quashes criminal proceedings u\/s 406 and 420 IPC","author":"Editor","date":"July 30, 2025","format":false,"excerpt":"Even if the entire allegations made against the petitioner are considered to be true in their entirety, the continuation of this criminal proceeding against the petitioner will amount to abuse of process of law.","rel":"","context":"In "Case Briefs"","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"deception in cheating","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/deception-in-cheating.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/deception-in-cheating.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/deception-in-cheating.webp?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/deception-in-cheating.webp?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":282818,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2023\/01\/31\/bombay-high-court-quashes-fir-filed-giving-criminal-nature-to-civil-offence-application-having-technica-fault-as-affidavit-not-in-compliance-of-criminal-manual-legalnews-legalawareness-legalresearch\/","url_meta":{"origin":343543,"position":2},"title":"[S.156(3) CrPC] Bombay High Court| Affidavit not in compliance with Chapter VII of the Criminal Manual is deemed non-compliance with the mandatory requirement of filing an affidavit","author":"Editor","date":"January 31, 2023","format":false,"excerpt":"There should be no scope for the declarant to escape on the technical grounds from responsibility attached to the statement made by him in the affidavit. Unless those compliances, referred to in paragraphs 5 and 8 of chapter VII of the Criminal Manual are complied with, it will be difficult\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Case Briefs"","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Bombay-High-Court-1.png?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":329466,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2024\/08\/28\/sc-breakdowns-key-differences-ingredients-criminal-breach-of-trust-and-cheating\/","url_meta":{"origin":343543,"position":3},"title":"\u2018Sad that even after years, Courts do not understand the fine distinction\u2019; SC breakdowns key differences & ingredients of criminal breach of trust and cheating","author":"Editor","date":"August 28, 2024","format":false,"excerpt":"\u201cFor cheating, criminal intention is necessary at the time of making a false or misleading representation i.e., since inception. In criminal breach of trust, mere proof of entrustment is sufficient. Thus, in case of criminal breach of trust, the offender is lawfully entrusted with the property, and he dishonestly misappropriated\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Case Briefs"","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"criminal breach of trust and cheating","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/criminal-breach-of-trust-and-cheating.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/criminal-breach-of-trust-and-cheating.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/criminal-breach-of-trust-and-cheating.webp?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/criminal-breach-of-trust-and-cheating.webp?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":286100,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2023\/03\/04\/prosecution-has-miserably-failed-to-prove-misappropriation-by-the-accused-saket-court-acquits-him-in-economic-offences-case-legal-research-legal-news-updates\/","url_meta":{"origin":343543,"position":4},"title":"“Prosecution has miserably failed to prove ‘misappropriation’ by the accused”; Saket Court acquits accused in economic offences case","author":"Apoorva","date":"March 4, 2023","format":false,"excerpt":"In a case pertaining to Criminal breach of trust, cheating, forgery, and falsification of accounts, the Saket District Court acquits the accused, as the prosecution failed to establish the ingredients of the offences beyond reasonable doubt.","rel":"","context":"In "Case Briefs"","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Saket Court","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/MicrosoftTeams-image-623.png?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/MicrosoftTeams-image-623.png?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/MicrosoftTeams-image-623.png?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/MicrosoftTeams-image-623.png?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":284212,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2023\/02\/17\/calcutta-high-court-revision-petition-quashment-fir-criminal-proceeding-false-promise-to-marry-breach-of-promise-to-marry-difference-allowed\/","url_meta":{"origin":343543,"position":5},"title":"There is a difference between false promise to marry and breach of promise to marry; Calcutta High Court quashes offence of Rape","author":"Editor","date":"February 17, 2023","format":false,"excerpt":"While examining the difference between false promise to marry and breach of promise to marry, the Court held that from the facts and circumstances of the case i.e., the extent of being physically involved with her on the false promise to marry in near future. The defacto-complainant being already married,\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Case Briefs"","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Calcutta High Court","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/MicrosoftTeams-image95.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]}],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/343543","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/67011"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=343543"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/343543\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/317943"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=343543"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=343543"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=343543"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}