{"id":343512,"date":"2025-03-12T10:00:20","date_gmt":"2025-03-12T04:30:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/?p=343512"},"modified":"2025-03-19T09:33:54","modified_gmt":"2025-03-19T04:03:54","slug":"error-in-words-not-invalid-cheque-delhi-hc-discharge-order-legal-news","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2025\/03\/12\/error-in-words-not-invalid-cheque-delhi-hc-discharge-order-legal-news\/","title":{"rendered":"\u2018Error in writing the correct figure in words would not make the cheque invalid\u2019; Delhi High Court sets aside discharge order"},"content":{"rendered":"<div style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;\">\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Delhi High Court:<\/span> A criminal miscellaneous petition was filed under Section <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001519791\" target=\"_blank\">482<\/a> of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002726935\" target=\"_blank\">Criminal Procedure Code<\/a> read with Article <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001574971\" target=\"_blank\">227<\/a> of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002726967\" target=\"_blank\">Constitution of India<\/a>, seeking to set aside the order dated 17-02-2021 passed by the Additional Sessions Judge (ASJ) in petition which set aside the order dated 24-09-2019 of the Metropolitan Magistrate (MM) summoning Respondent 2 in a complaint filed under Section <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001544366\" target=\"_blank\">138<\/a> of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002726957\" target=\"_blank\">Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881<\/a> (NI Act). Neena Bansal Krishna, J., set aside the order dated 17-02-2021 passed by the learned ASJ, holding that the complaint under Section <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001544366\" target=\"_blank\">138<\/a> of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002726957\" target=\"_blank\">NI Act<\/a> was maintainable despite the discrepancy in the amount mentioned in words and figures.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">The petitioner filed a complaint under Section <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001544366\" target=\"_blank\">138<\/a> of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002726957\" target=\"_blank\">NI Act<\/a> against Respondent 2 based on a cheque for Rs. 4,65,000 issued in discharge of a loan liability of Rs. 5,00,000. The loan was granted through a cousin. Upon presentation, the cheque was dishonored with the remarks, <span style=\"font-style: italic;\">&#8220;payment stopped by the drawer.&#8221;<\/span> On 24-09-2019, the MM summoned Respondent 2 to face trial under Section <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001544366\" target=\"_blank\">138<\/a> of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002726957\" target=\"_blank\">NI Act<\/a>. However, Respondent 2 sought discharge on the grounds that the cheque contained an overwritten date, rendering it void under Section <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001544461\" target=\"_blank\">87<\/a> of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002726957\" target=\"_blank\">NI Act<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">Additionally, the cheque amount was stated as Rs. 4,65,000 in figures but as <span style=\"font-style: italic;\">&#8220;Rupees Four Lac Sixty-Five only&#8221;<\/span> in words, which, as per Section <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001544381\" target=\"_blank\">18<\/a> of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002726957\" target=\"_blank\">NI Act<\/a>, meant that the correct amount should be deemed Rs. 4,00,065. Since the demand notice sent on 27-01-2018 sought Rs. 4,65,000, it was argued that the statutory notice did not meet the legal requirements under Sections <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001544366\" target=\"_blank\">138<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001544371\" target=\"_blank\">142<\/a> of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002726957\" target=\"_blank\">NI Act<\/a>, entitling the respondent to discharge. The MM dismissed these objections, holding that the discrepancy in words and figures was a matter for trial, and the respondent was duly summoned. However, the ASJ, in revision, set aside the MM&#8217;s order on 17-02-2021, ruling that the complainant had failed to establish the exact amount payable, creating ambiguity in the case.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">Reliance was placed on <span style=\"font-style: italic;\">Rangappa<\/span> v. <span style=\"font-style: italic;\">Sri Mohan<\/span>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink\/CqMNuDz5\" target=\"_blank\">(2010) 11 SCC 441<\/a>, where the Supreme Court upheld that Section 139 creates a rebuttable presumption, ensuring the credibility of negotiable instruments. The petitioner also cited <span style=\"font-style: italic;\">Suman Sethi<\/span> v. <span style=\"font-style: italic;\">Ajay K. Churiwal<\/span>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink\/6QaLNkpi\" target=\"_blank\">(2000) 2 SCC 380<\/a> which clarified that minor discrepancies in the amount demanded in the notice and cheque do not invalidate proceedings under Section 138.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">The Court remarked that <span style=\"font-style: italic;\">&#8220;the error in writing the correct figure in words, would not at this stage, make the cheque invalid especially when no Reply has been given by Respondent No.2 to the Legal Notice to refute his liability and has not questioned the Notice making a demand of Rs.4,65,000\/-. The Complaint is sought to be defeated on the technical ground of error in mentioning the correct figure of the cheque in words, which cannot be a justiciable ground for discharge, but merits a Trial.&#8221;<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">The Court observed that the primary issue revolved around the legal validity of the demand notice and the interpretation of Section <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001544381\" target=\"_blank\">18<\/a> of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002726957\" target=\"_blank\">NI Act<\/a> and noted that the legal notice clearly mentioned the dishonour of a cheque for Rs. 4,65,000\/-, and the bank return memo confirmed this amount. The Court opined that while Section 18 states that words take precedence over figures in case of discrepancy, in the present case, the mistake in writing the correct figure in words appeared inadvertent rather than indicative of a different amount.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">The Court further held that even if the date on the cheque was overwritten, the bank did not treat it as a material alteration, and thus, it could not be a ground for discharge without a trial. Additionally, the absence of a reply from Respondent 2 to the legal notice strengthened the petitioner&#8217;s case.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">The Court set aside the order dated 17-02-2021 passed by the ASJ, holding that the complaint under Section <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001544366\" target=\"_blank\">138<\/a> of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002726957\" target=\"_blank\">NI Act<\/a> was maintainable despite the discrepancy in the amount mentioned in words and figures. The Court emphasized that technical defects should not defeat the object of the NI Act, which aims to ensure the credibility of negotiable instruments. The matter was remanded to the MM for trial. The parties were directed to appear before the MM on 20-03-2025 for further proceedings.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">[<span style=\"font-weight: bold; color: #632423;\">Nitesh Yadav v. State NCT of Delhi, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink\/C1geg90f\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2025 SCC OnLine Del 1489<\/a>, decided on 10-03-2025<\/span>]<\/p>\n<hr\/>\n<p>Advocates who appeared in this case :<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 18pt;\">Mr. Shafiq Khan, Advocate for petitioner;<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 18pt;\">Mr. Ajay Vikram Singh, Additional Public Prosecutor for RespondentState Mr. Rajpal Singh &amp; Mr. Rohit Kumar, Advocates for Respondent No. 2.<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"color: #000080;\">Buy Constitution of India &nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ebcwebstore.com\/product\/the-constitution-of-india-coat-pocket-edition?products_id=100647\" target=\"_blank\">HERE<\/a><\/h3>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ebcwebstore.com\/product\/the-constitution-of-india-coat-pocket-edition?products_id=100647\" target=\"_blank\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/s3.amazonaws.com\/ebcwebstore\/images\/the-constitution-of-india-coat-pocket-edition-Gopal-Sankaranarayanan-ebc-front-cover.JPG\" alt=\"Constitution of India\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" class=\"aligncenter size-large wp-image-294438\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"color: #000080;\">Buy Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 &nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ebcwebstore.com\/product_info.php?products_id=1031\" target=\"_blank\">HERE<\/a><\/h3>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ebcwebstore.com\/product_info.php?products_id=1031\" target=\"_blank\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/code-of-criminal-procedure-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"Code of Criminal Procedure\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" class=\"aligncenter size-large wp-image-294422\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/code-of-criminal-procedure-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/code-of-criminal-procedure-768x511.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/code-of-criminal-procedure-440x293.jpg 440w, https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/code-of-criminal-procedure-650x433.jpg 650w, https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/code-of-criminal-procedure.jpg 886w, https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/code-of-criminal-procedure-60x40.jpg 60w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p style=\"font-style: italic;\">Overwriting of the date on the cheque has not been considered as a material interpolation meriting dishonour of the cheque.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":67516,"featured_media":314886,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3,10],"tags":[2543,60866,69758,17041,30606],"class_list":["post-343512","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-casebriefs","category-highcourts","tag-Delhi_High_Court","tag-discharge-order","tag-invalid-cheque","tag-negotiable-instruments-act","tag-ni-act"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.4 (Yoast SEO v27.4) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Delhi HC rules error in writing cheque amount in words not invalid, sets aside discharge order| SCC Times<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Delhi High Court rules that an error in writing the cheque amount in words does not invalidate it under the NI Act.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2025\/03\/12\/error-in-words-not-invalid-cheque-delhi-hc-discharge-order-legal-news\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u2018Error in writing the correct figure in words would not make the cheque invalid\u2019; 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