{"id":343506,"date":"2025-03-12T09:00:01","date_gmt":"2025-03-12T03:30:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/?p=343506"},"modified":"2025-03-13T10:40:39","modified_gmt":"2025-03-13T05:10:39","slug":"llp-bound-by-arbitration-relating-to-governance-despite-not-being-signatory-to-llp-agreement","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2025\/03\/12\/llp-bound-by-arbitration-relating-to-governance-despite-not-being-signatory-to-llp-agreement\/","title":{"rendered":"LLP bound by arbitration proceedings relating to its operations\/governance, despite not being signatory to LLP Agreement: Bombay HC"},"content":{"rendered":"<div style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;\">\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Bombay High Court:<\/span> In the present case, an application was filed under Section <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001544910\" target=\"_blank\">11<\/a> of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002726958\" target=\"_blank\">Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996<\/a> (&#8216;the Arbitration Act&#8217;), wherein the issue that arose for consideration was <span style=\"font-style: italic;\">&#8220;whether disputes between partners of a limited liability partnership (&#8216;LLP&#8217;) and the LLP could at all be covered by the arbitration agreement contained in a LLP agreement to which the LLP was not a signatory?&#8221;<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">A Single Judge Bench of Somasekhar Sundaresan, J., opined that the subject matter of the LLP Agreement included duties owed by partners to the LLP and duties owed to the partners by the LLP. Thus, this would render the LLP a necessary party to the arbitration proceedings relating to the LLP&#8217;s operations and governance, despite the LLP not being a signatory to the LLP Agreement. The Court opined that despite the existence of an arbitration clause in the LLP Agreement and in Item 14 of the First Schedule, the contention that the LLP itself was extraneous to the LLP Agreement governing the LLP, was untenable and frivolous. The Court thus appointed Justice (Retd.) Manoj Sanklecha, a former judge of this Court, and failing him (due to any conflict) Justice (Retd.) Gautam Patel, a former judge of this Court, as the nominee arbitrator of the respondents.<\/p>\n<h3>Background<\/h3>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">The applicant, a former partner of the respondent, BDO India LLP, was expelled from the LLP and the applicant&#8217;s grievance was in relation to the manner of treatment by the respondents, that is, her expulsion from BDO; and the alleged high-handed behaviour and misconduct by BDO&#8217;s Managing Partner, in effecting the expulsion. The applicant sought to initiate arbitration, but it was repelled by the respondents and thus, the present application was filed.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">Counsel for the respondents stated that Clause 23.1 of the LLP Agreement was clear in its terms that it only covered disputes between partners, and in relation to the subjects set out in it. It was submitted that the disputes between Radia and BDO could not be a dispute among partners of BDO as it was the LLP that expelled Radia and therefore the dispute was between Radia and BDO. Therefore, the application was not maintainable since disputes between Radia and BDO were not arbitrable.<\/p>\n<h3>Analysis, Law, and Decision<\/h3>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">The Court rejected the contention of the respondents and opined that even a plain reading of the arbitration agreement would show that the subject matter of arbitration would include any construction or application of the LLP Agreement, and it would also include any matter in any way relating to the business and affairs of BDO. The Court also opined that it also included interpretation of any rights, duties, or liabilities of any partner of BDO and thus, it would necessarily entail BDO being a necessary party in a dispute.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">The Court relied on <span style=\"font-style: italic;\">Cox and Kings Ltd.<\/span> v. <span style=\"font-style: italic;\">SAP India Pvt. Ltd.<\/span>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/Members\/SearchResult.aspx\" target=\"_blank\">(2024) 4 SCC 1<\/a>, and opined that <span style=\"font-style: italic;\">&#8220;An LLP is not a &#8220;third party&#8221; to an LLP Agreement in the manner that the concept of &#8220;third parties&#8221; is conventionally understood. Far from being extraneous to the relationship between the parties to the LLP Agreement, the running of the LLP is the very subject matter of the LLP Agreement&#8221;<\/span>. The Court opined that contending that the LLP was a &#8220;third party&#8221; to the LLP Agreement was much like arguing that a company was a third party to its own Articles of Association. A company was duty-bound to act in accordance with the Articles of Association and so was an LLP duty-bound to act in accordance with the LLP Agreement. The Court stated that the applicant was the dominus litus and it was for him to choose who to make parties in his claim.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">The Court stated that under Item 1 of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001524978\" target=\"_blank\">First<\/a> Schedule of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002831279\" target=\"_blank\">Limited Liability Partnership Act, 2008<\/a> (&#8216;the LLP Act&#8217;), the mutual rights and duties of the LLP and its partners, subject to the LLP Agreement, was governed by the provisions of the First Schedule and Item 14 of the First Schedule provided that all disputes among partners arising out of the LLP Agreement that could not be resolved in terms of the LLP Agreement, shall be referred to arbitration under the Arbitration Act. The Court opined that the subject matter of the LLP Agreement included duties owed by partners to the LLP and duties owed to the partners by the LLP. Thus, this would render the LLP a necessary party to the arbitration proceedings relating to the LLP&#8217;s operations and governance, despite the LLP not being a signatory to the LLP Agreement. Therefore, even if there was no arbitration clause in the LLP Agreement, the First Schedule would lead to an arbitration agreement being in existence in the eyes of law, for disputes among the partners.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">The Court accepted the contention of the counsel for the applicant that under Section <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001525000\" target=\"_blank\">26<\/a> of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002831279\" target=\"_blank\">Limited Liability Partnership Act, 2008<\/a> (&#8216;the LLP Act&#8217;), every partner was an agent of the LLP and under Section <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001525001\" target=\"_blank\">27(2)<\/a> of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002831279\" target=\"_blank\">LLP Act<\/a>, the LLP was liable for the acts of its partners.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">The Court opined that despite the existence of an arbitration clause in the LLP Agreement and in Item 14 of the First Schedule, the contention that the LLP itself was extraneous to the LLP Agreement governing the LLP, was untenable and frivolous. The Court further opined that the present issue ought not to have been a matter that detained this Court&#8217;s attention when exercising jurisdiction under Section 11 of the Arbitration Act, since the consideration of such an issue would normally fall in the domain of the Arbitral Tribunal.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">The Court thus appointed Justice (Retd.) Manoj Sanklecha, a former judge of this Court, and failing him (due to any conflict) Justice (Retd.) Gautam Patel, a former judge of this Court, as the nominee arbitrator of the respondents.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">[<span style=\"font-weight: bold; color: #632423;\">Kartik Radia v. BDO India LLP, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink\/UW9KYAH9\" target=\"_blank\">2025 SCC OnLine Bom 445<\/a>, decided on 4-3-2025<\/span>]<\/p>\n<hr\/>\n<p>Advocates who appeared in this case:<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 18pt;\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">For the Applicant:<\/span> Amrut Joshi a\/w Prashant Trivedi and Petal Chandok i\/b Khushboo Jain.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 18pt;\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">For the Respondents:<\/span> Gaurav Joshi, Senior Advocate a\/w Jatin Pore, Sreeram VG, Karan Jain i\/b DSK Legal, for Respondent 1; Mayur Khandeparkar a\/w Jatin Pore, Sreeram VG, Karan Jain i\/b DSK Legal, for Respondent 2.<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"color: #000080;\">Buy Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996 &nbsp; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ebcwebstore.com\/product_info.php?products_id=382\" target=\"_blank\">HERE<\/a><\/h3>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ebcwebstore.com\/product_info.php?products_id=382\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/arbitration-and-conciliation-act-1996-191x300.png\" alt=\"arbitration and conciliation act, 1996\" width=\"191\" height=\"300\" class=\"aligncenter size-large wp-image-294803\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/arbitration-and-conciliation-act-1996-191x300.png 191w, https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/arbitration-and-conciliation-act-1996-38x60.png 38w, https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/arbitration-and-conciliation-act-1996.png 620w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 191px) 100vw, 191px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p style=\"font-style: italic;\">Arguing that the LLP is a &#8220;third party&#8221; to the LLP Agreement is much like arguing that a company is a third party to its own Articles of Association.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":314919,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3,10],"tags":[23324,30526,2569,72782,39874,48783,79683,79682],"class_list":["post-343506","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-casebriefs","category-highcourts","tag-arbitration-clause","tag-arbitration-proceedings","tag-Bombay_High_Court","tag-justice-somasekhar-sundaresan","tag-limited-liability-partnership-act-2008","tag-llp","tag-llp-agreement","tag-signatory"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v26.4 (Yoast SEO v26.4) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>LLP bound by arbitration proceedings relating to its governance, despite not being signatory to LLP Agreement: Bombay HC | SCC Times<\/title>\n<meta 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Del HC explains","author":"Bhumika Indulia","date":"March 4, 2022","format":false,"excerpt":"Delhi High Court: Amit Bansal, J., expressed that an LLP or any other business entity can carry out business in different parts of the country, but that would not mean that a suit with regard to disputes between the partners, could be filed in any place where the business of\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Case Briefs&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Delhi_New-logo.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Delhi_New-logo.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Delhi_New-logo.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Delhi_New-logo.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Delhi_New-logo.jpg?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":226559,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2020\/03\/05\/mca-details-of-the-llp-settlement-scheme-2020-notified\/","url_meta":{"origin":343506,"position":2},"title":"MCA | Details of the LLP Settlement Scheme, 2020 notified","author":"Bhumika Indulia","date":"March 5, 2020","format":false,"excerpt":"Central Government in exercise of its power under Section 460 of the Companies Act, 2013 (extended to LLPs vide Gazette Notification No. G.S.R. 59(E) Dated 30th January, 2020 uls 67 (2) of the Limited Liability Partnership Act, 2008)has decided to introduce a scheme namely \"LLP Settlement Scheme, 2020\", by allowing\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Legislation Updates&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Legislation Updates","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/legislationupdates\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/MCA.png?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/MCA.png?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/MCA.png?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/MCA.png?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/MCA.png?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":293841,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2023\/06\/05\/mca-revises-llp-form3-vide-limited-liability-partnership-amendment-rules-2023-legal-news\/","url_meta":{"origin":343506,"position":3},"title":"Govt revises LLP Form No 3 vide Limited Liability Partnership (Amendment) Rules, 2023","author":"Kriti","date":"June 5, 2023","format":false,"excerpt":"On 2-6-2023, the Ministry of Corporate Affairs notified the Limited Liability Partnership (Amendment) Rules, 2023 to amend the Limited Liability Partnership Rules, 2009. LLP Form No. 3 relating to \u201cInformation with regard to Limited Liability Partnership Agreement and changes, if any, made therein\u201d has been revised with effect from 2-6-2023.","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Legislation Updates&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Legislation Updates","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/legislationupdates\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"ministry of corporate affairs","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/ministry-of-corporate-affairs.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/ministry-of-corporate-affairs.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/ministry-of-corporate-affairs.webp?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/ministry-of-corporate-affairs.webp?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":372159,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2026\/01\/09\/india-corporate-commercial-law-developments-2025\/","url_meta":{"origin":343506,"position":4},"title":"Corporate &#038; Commercial Law 2025: How Courts, Regulators and Lawmakers reinforced accountability and curbed abuse","author":"Soumya Yadav","date":"January 9, 2026","format":false,"excerpt":"This roundup highlights key 2025 corporate and commercial law developments from Adani\u2019s HDIL resolution and Vedanta\u2019s demerger setback to SEBI\u2019s insider trading penalties, Google\u2019s CCI settlement, and the pump-and-dump ban involving actor Arshad Warsi.","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Legal RoundUp&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Legal RoundUp","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/columns-for-roundup\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"India Corporate & Commercial Law Developments 2025","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/India-Corporate-Commercial-Law-Developments-2025.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/India-Corporate-Commercial-Law-Developments-2025.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/India-Corporate-Commercial-Law-Developments-2025.webp?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/India-Corporate-Commercial-Law-Developments-2025.webp?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":252474,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2021\/08\/10\/limited-liability-partnership-amendment-bill-2021-passed-by-lok-sabha\/","url_meta":{"origin":343506,"position":5},"title":"Limited Liability Partnership (Amendment) Bill, 2021 passed by Lok Sabha","author":"Bhumika Indulia","date":"August 10, 2021","format":false,"excerpt":"On August 10, 2021, the Limited Liability Partnership (Amendment) Bill, 2021 passed by the Lok Sabha. It was passed by the Rajya Sabha on August 04, 2021. The amendment seeks to amend LLP Act, 2008. Key highlights: De-criminalization of procedural & technical defaults under LLP Act, 2008 will incentivize compliance\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Legislation Updates&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Legislation Updates","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/legislationupdates\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/12\/parliamentSM.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/12\/parliamentSM.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/12\/parliamentSM.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/12\/parliamentSM.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/12\/parliamentSM.jpg?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/12\/parliamentSM.jpg?resize=1400%2C800&ssl=1 4x"},"classes":[]}],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/343506","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=343506"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/343506\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/314919"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=343506"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=343506"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=343506"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}