{"id":342623,"date":"2025-03-01T16:30:38","date_gmt":"2025-03-01T11:00:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/?p=342623"},"modified":"2025-03-06T09:40:01","modified_gmt":"2025-03-06T04:10:01","slug":"prima-facie-findings-bail-orders-not-binding-kerala-hc","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2025\/03\/01\/prima-facie-findings-bail-orders-not-binding-kerala-hc\/","title":{"rendered":"Prima facie findings in bail orders not binding on Trial Court or Investigating officer: Kerala High Court"},"content":{"rendered":"<div style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;\">\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Kerala High Court:<\/span> In a matter concerning the impact of prima facie observations made during bail proceedings, P.V. Kunhikrishnan, J. held that simply because a prima facie opinion is arrived at by the bail court while deciding a bail application, it is not binding on the Trial Court at the time of the final hearing, nor it is binding on the Investigating Officer, debarring the collection of further evidence.<\/p>\n<h3>Background<\/h3>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">The prosecution\u2019s case was that, on 6-10-2023 with the knowledge of accused 2 (present applicant) and 3, accused 1 transported 5.125 kgs of ganja and 78.91 gms of Methamphetamine Hydrochloride in a car. The allegation against accused 2 is that he handed over 5.125 kgs of dried ganja to accused 1. It was alleged that all three accused hatched a criminal conspiracy for illicit trafficking of ganja and Methamphetamine. Accused 2 was charged with offences punishable under Sections <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001570292\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">20(b)(ii)B<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001570294\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">22(c)<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001570304\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">29<\/a> of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002802179\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act, 1985<\/a> (&#8216;NDPS Act&#8217;). Thereafter, he was arrested and produced before the court on 07-01-2024 and remanded to judicial custody.<\/p>\n<h3>Issue:<\/h3>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">If a lawyer argues a bail application by adverting to the merit of the case and insists for an order on merit, and if the court observes that, prima facie there is a case, whether the same is binding on the investigating authority or the Trial Court?<\/p>\n<h3>Analysis and Decision<\/h3>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">The Court noted that accused 2 has earlier filed a bail application and reiterated that there is no bar in filing a second bail application if there is a change of circumstances. But if there is no change of circumstances after passing a bail order, the court need not entertain a further bail application.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">After perusing Section <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001570304\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">29<\/a> of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002802179\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NDPS Act<\/a>, the Court noted that an accused can be prosecuted even if no contraband is seized from him, provided there is evidence to show that there is abetment and criminal conspiracy. Thus, actual possession of contraband is not necessary to convict a person for the offences under the NDPS Act. If abetment and criminal conspiracy are proved, the accused can be convicted.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">The Court noted that in the present case, there was a telephonic conversation between the accused 1 and 2. Thus, when such a case is put up by the prosecution, the Court cannot observe that there is no prima facie case against accused 2 while considering a bail application. It is a matter of evidence.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">The Court emphasised that a bail court need not consider the admissibility of the call details produced by the prosecution to prove conspiracy and abetment in all cases. The bail court should consider whether there are reasonable grounds for believing that the accused is not guilty of such an offence. For that purpose, the bail court can consider whether there is a prima facie case.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">The Court, after examining the provisions of Section <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001570320\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">37<\/a> of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002802179\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act, 1985<\/a> (NDPS Act), observed that stringent conditions are imposed for granting bail in cases involving offences punishable under Section 19, Section 24, Section 27A, and those involving commercial quantities of narcotic drugs or psychotropic substances.<\/p>\n<p>As per Section <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0001570320\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">37(1)(b)<\/a> of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002802179\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NDPS Act<\/a>, an accused shall not be released on bail or on his own bond unless the following conditions are met:<\/p>\n<ol style=\"list-style-type: decimal;\">\n<li>The Public Prosecutor must be given an opportunity to oppose the bail application.<\/li>\n<li>If the Public Prosecutor opposes the application, the Court must be satisfied that:\n<ol style=\"list-style-type: lower-alpha;\">\n<li>There are reasonable grounds for believing that the accused is not guilty of the alleged offence.<\/li>\n<li>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">The accused is not likely to commit any offence while on bail.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">The Court clarified an important principle regarding bail applications. It emphasized that if the accused raises a legal point or a merit-based argument, the bail court should not dismiss it merely by stating that it would amount to forming a prima facie opinion. A bail court&#8217;s prima facie finding is not binding on the Trial Court at the time of the final disposal of the case. Furthermore, such a finding does not constrain the investigating officer from conducting further investigation and collecting additional evidence, beyond what was already collected at the bail stage. Essentially, the bail court\u2019s opinion is not definitive for the subsequent stages of the case.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">Thus, the Court mentioned that when a question of law or a point on merit is raised by the accused in a bail application, it is the duty of the bail court to decide that point. But that decision will be a prima facie finding at the bail application stage. The bail court cannot neglect such points raised in a bail application, by merely stating that if those questions are decided prima facie, it will affect the investigation and the trial.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">After taking note of <span style=\"font-style: italic;\">Rohit Bishnoi<\/span> v. <span style=\"font-style: italic;\">State of Rajasthan<\/span>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink\/ikhTG502\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2023 SCC OnLine SC 870<\/a>, the Court reiterated that a prima facie finding on a point raised in a bail application is necessary and it should be supported by reason also. But it is not binding on the Investigating Officer to collect further evidence, nor it is binding on the court concerned to decide the matter.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">In the present case, the Court observed that the prosecution has established a prima facie case. Consequently, it held that it was not in a position to entertain the bail application. However, the Court clarified that these findings were made solely for the purpose of deciding the bail application and would not be binding on the Trial Court. The Trial Court remains free to adjudicate the main case independently, without being influenced by any observations in the bail order.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 3%;\">[<span style=\"font-weight: bold; color: #632423;\">Anzar Azeez v. State of Kerala, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink\/hPn1iSHv\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2025 SCC OnLine Ker 1260<\/a>, decided on 20-02-2025<\/span>]<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p>Advocates who appeared in this case :<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 18pt;\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">For Petitioner:<\/span> Advocate M.S.Breez<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 18pt;\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">For Respondents:<\/span> Senior Public Prosecutor Sri Hrithwik CS<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p style=\"font-style: italic;\">Kerala High Court said that when a question of law or a point on merit is raised by the accused in a bail application, it is the duty of the bail court to decide that point. But that decision will be a prima facie finding at the bail application stage.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":67512,"featured_media":316393,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3,10],"tags":[20891,35332,6711,22614,79237,2523,75865,79236,79235,79238,7181],"class_list":["post-342623","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-casebriefs","category-highcourts","tag-bail-application","tag-bail-order","tag-criminal-law","tag-investigating-officer","tag-judicial-observations","tag-Kerala_High_Court","tag-legal-precedent","tag-ndps-cases","tag-prima-facie-findings","tag-prima-facie-findings-in-bail-orders","tag-trial-court"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v26.4 (Yoast SEO v26.4) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Kerala HC: 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High Court explains scope of grant of anticipatory bail in offences under SC\/ST Act; true import of \u2018knowing&#8217; or \u2018knowledge&#8217; under Section 3(2)(va) of the Act","author":"Editor","date":"September 27, 2022","format":false,"excerpt":"\u00a0 \u00a0 Kerala High Court: In an appeal relating to the grant of anticipatory bail for the commission of offences under Sections 452, 506(ii) and 195-A of the Penal Code, 1860 as well as under Section 3(2)(va) of the Scheduled Tribes (Prevention of Atrocities) Act, (SC\/ST Act) 1989, A. Badharudeen,\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Case Briefs&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Kerala High Court","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/kerla_high_court.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/kerla_high_court.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/kerla_high_court.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/kerla_high_court.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/kerla_high_court.jpg?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":199860,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2018\/08\/08\/no-bail-to-an-accused-when-prima-facie-prominent-role-in-commission-of-offence-kerala-hc\/","url_meta":{"origin":342623,"position":1},"title":"No bail to an accused when prima facie prominent role in commission of offence: Kerala HC","author":"Bhumika Indulia","date":"August 8, 2018","format":false,"excerpt":"Kerala High Court: A Division Bench comprising of A.M. Shaffique and P. Somarajan, JJ., dismissed a criminal appeal wherein, it refused interference with the order passed by the National Investigation Agency Court of refusal to grant bail to the appellant. In the present case, the Special Court for Trial of\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Case Briefs&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":222349,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2019\/11\/21\/ker-hc-bail-to-sexual-harassment-accused-on-grounds-of-no-prima-facie-offence-and-accused-already-suffered-detention\/","url_meta":{"origin":342623,"position":2},"title":"Ker HC | Bail to sexual harassment accused on grounds of no prima facie offence and accused already suffered detention","author":"Bhumika Indulia","date":"November 21, 2019","format":false,"excerpt":"Kerala High Court: Alexander Thomas, J., allowed a bail application subject to stringent conditions in child sexual harassment case on the ground that no prima facie offence was made out and the accused already suffered detention for 40 days.\u00a0 The prosecution had alleged that the victim aged 13 years was\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Case Briefs&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":279948,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2022\/12\/19\/what-should-be-analysed-by-courts-for-considering-the-question-of-prima-facie-case-when-dealing-with-pre-arrest-bail-pleas-under-sc-st-act-kerala-high-court-answers-legal-rese\/","url_meta":{"origin":342623,"position":3},"title":"Kerala High Court | Courts should carefully analyse cases while dealing with pre-arrest bail pleas under SC\/ST Act","author":"Editor","date":"December 19, 2022","format":false,"excerpt":"It is shocking, rather a mind-blowing fact that many innocent persons are victims of false implication under the SC\/ST Act","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Case Briefs&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Kerala High Court","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/MicrosoftTeams-image-310.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":252139,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2021\/08\/02\/red-fort-violence-4\/","url_meta":{"origin":342623,"position":4},"title":"Red Fort Violence | Gangster Turned Activist, Lakha Sindhana granted anticipatory bail in Republic Day Violence Case: No prima facie  material to show accused was inside Red Fort \u00a0","author":"Bhumika Indulia","date":"August 2, 2021","format":false,"excerpt":"Tis Hazari Courts, Delhi: Kamini Lau, PO (MACT) \u201301, granted bail to an accused Lakhbir Singh in Republic Day Violence, while noting that he had already joined the investigations and produced his mobile phone and disclosed that it was the same mobile phone which was being used by him on\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Case Briefs&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Tis-hazari","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/Tis-hazari.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/Tis-hazari.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/Tis-hazari.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/Tis-hazari.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/Tis-hazari.jpg?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":238572,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2020\/11\/05\/ker-hc-anticipatory-bail-can-be-allowed-in-offences-under-sc-st-poa-act-only-in-event-of-no-prima-facie-case-being-made-out-against-accused-appeal-dismissed\/","url_meta":{"origin":342623,"position":5},"title":"Ker HC | Anticipatory Bail can be allowed in offences under SC\/ST (POA) Act only in event of no prima facie case being made out against accused; Appeal dismissed","author":"Editor","date":"November 5, 2020","format":false,"excerpt":"Kerala High Court: V.G. Arun J., while dismissing the present appeal clarified on the applicability of Section 438 Criminal Procedure Code, 1973 in an offence under SC\/ST (POA) Act. \u00a0Brief Facts Appellants are the accused of offences punishable under Sections 341, 294(b) and 506(i) read with Section 34 of the\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Case Briefs&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]}],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/342623","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/67512"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=342623"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/342623\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/316393"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=342623"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=342623"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=342623"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}