{"id":342282,"date":"2025-02-25T16:00:56","date_gmt":"2025-02-25T10:30:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/?p=342282"},"modified":"2025-03-01T16:47:54","modified_gmt":"2025-03-01T11:17:54","slug":"kerala-hc-sets-aside-conviction-of-mother-who-killed-her-infant-son-and-then-attempted-suicide","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2025\/02\/25\/kerala-hc-sets-aside-conviction-of-mother-who-killed-her-infant-son-and-then-attempted-suicide\/","title":{"rendered":"\u2018Ought to have complied with Section 115 of Mental Healthcare Act\u2019; Kerala HC sets aside conviction of a mother who killed her infant son and then attempted suicide"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Kerala High Court:<\/span> In an appeal filed by the appellant (‘accused’), challenging her conviction and sentence imposed under Sections 302<\/a>1<\/sup><\/a> and 309<\/a> of Penal Code, 1860<\/a> (‘IPC’), the Division Bench of Raja Vijayaraghavan V and P.V. Balakrishnan*<\/span>, JJ., when the Act came into force on 07-07-2018, the Trial Court, in compliance with Section 115<\/a> of the Mental Healthcare Act, 2017<\/a> (‘the Act’), ought to have, desisted from proceeding with trial of the case and pronouncing the judgement. Further, in the present case, no material had been adduced to show that the accused was not having severe stress.<\/p>\n

Thus, the Court stated that conviction and sentence imposed against the accused could not be sustained and accordingly, set aside the impugned judgment.<\/p>\n

Background<\/h3>\n

The prosecution case was that, due to some mental agony, which arose out of the accused’s marital life, on 1-12-2010 at about 10 pm, she committed murder of her son aged about 3¾ months by smothering him using her hands. Thereafter, she attempted to commit suicide by inflicting cut injuries on her body, by using a steel blade. Hence, the prosecution alleged that the accused had committed the offences punishable under Sections 302<\/a> and 309<\/a> of IPC<\/a>.<\/p>\n

On filing of the final report, cognizance of the offences was taken by the Sessions Court, and the case was made over to the Trial Court for trial and disposal. The Trial Court after hearing both sides, found the accused guilty and convicted her under Sections 302<\/a> and 309<\/a> IPC<\/a>.<\/p>\n

In the present appeal, the accused submitted that since the prosecution had not proved the motive for the crime, the conviction could not be sustained. He further submitted that the entire prosecution in this case had to fail in the light of Section 115 of the Act.<\/p>\n

The pivotal question, which arose in the present case was that the impact of Section 115 of the Act.<\/p>\n

Analysis, Law, and Decision<\/h3>\n

The Court stated that a plain reading of Section 115 of the Act showed that notwithstanding anything in Section 309 IPC<\/a>, a person attempting to commit suicide should be presumed to have severe stress and unless it was proved otherwise, the person should not be tried and punished under the said Code. The Court stated that it was very pertinent to note that the legislature had consciously avoided the words such as ‘the said provision’ or ‘the said section’ and instead, had specifically stated ‘the said code’. The terminology “the said Code” used in Section 115(1) undoubtedly referred to IPC. Thus, on a literal interpretation of Section 115(1) of the Act, it could be stated that any person who attempted to commit suicide should be presumed, unless proved otherwise, to have severe stress and could not be tried and punished for any offences under the IPC.<\/p>\n

Referring to Section 115(2) of the Act, which provided that it was Government’s duty to provide care, treatment and rehabilitation to a person, having severe stress and who attempted to commit suicide, the Court stated that this mandate of law to give care, protection and rehabilitation to such a person having stress could never be achieved, if he was convicted and sentenced to imprisonment for other offences under IPC. The Court stated that there was no logic to convict and sentence an accused under IPC, when he had attempted to commit suicide during same transaction and had not been proved not having severe stress.<\/p>\n

The Court further relied on Common Cause v. Union of India<\/span>, (2018) 5 SCC 1<\/a>, wherein it was held that a person who attempted to commit suicide was suffering severe stress (unless contrary proved) and he should not be tried and punished under the IPC. Such person was regarded as victim of circumstances and not an offender. It also held that Section 115 of the Act reflected a law as to how the society must treat such a person by providing care, treatment and rehabilitation rather than penal sanctions.<\/p>\n

The Court observed that in the present case, charge was framed on 26-09-2015, and the examination of the witnesses started on 20-11-2017. Thereafter, the impugned judgment was passed on 8-11-2018. Thus, when the Act came into force on 07-07-2018, the Trial Court, in compliance with Section 115 of the Act, ought to have, desisted from proceeding with trial of the case and pronouncing the judgement. Further, in the present case, no material had been adduced to show that the accused was not having severe stress.<\/p>\n

Thus, the Court stated that conviction and sentence imposed against the accused could not be sustained and accordingly, set aside the impugned judgment.<\/p>\n

[Sharanya v. State of Kerala, 2025 SCC OnLine Ker 1201<\/a>, decided on 21-02-2025<\/span>]<\/p>\n

*Judgment authored by- Justice P.V. Balakrishnan<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n

Advocates who appeared in this case:<\/p>\n

For the Appellant:<\/span> K.V. Sabu, Advocate;<\/p>\n

For the Respondent:<\/span> Neema TV, Senior Public Prosecutor<\/p>\n

Buy Penal Code, 1860   HERE<\/a><\/h3>\n

\"penal<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n

1.<\/a> Corresponding Section 103<\/a> of Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023<\/a> (‘BNS’)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

On literal interpretation of Section 115(1) of Mental Healthcare Act, 2017, it can be stated that any person who attempts to commit suicide shall be presumed, unless proved otherwise, to have severe stress and cannot be tried and punished for any offences under Penal Code, 1860.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":67520,"featured_media":316393,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3,10],"tags":[79069,79070,2523,11871,51061,36335,79071,2770,55647,79072],"class_list":["post-342282","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-casebriefs","category-highcourts","tag-justice-p-v-balakrishnan","tag-justice-raja-vijayaraghavan-v","tag-Kerala_High_Court","tag-mental-health","tag-mental-healthcare-act-2017","tag-penal-code-1860","tag-penal-sanctions","tag-rehabilitation","tag-severe-stress","tag-suicide-attempt"],"yoast_head":"\nKerala HC sets aside conviction of a mother who killed her infant son and then attempted suicide | SCC Times<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Kerala High Court sets aside conviction of a mother who killed her infant son and then attempted suicide.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2025\/02\/25\/kerala-hc-sets-aside-conviction-of-mother-who-killed-her-infant-son-and-then-attempted-suicide\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u2018Ought to have complied with Section 115 of Mental Healthcare Act\u2019; 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Haripal, J., pointed out that a large section of the society considers that suicidal behaviour is typically a\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Case Briefs"","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/KerSuicide.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/KerSuicide.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/KerSuicide.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/KerSuicide.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/KerSuicide.jpg?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":285786,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2023\/03\/02\/resolving-the-dichotomy-between-section-115-of-the-mental-healthcare-act-and-section-309-of-the-penal-code\/","url_meta":{"origin":342282,"position":2},"title":"Resolving the Dichotomy between Section 115 of the Mental Healthcare Act and Section 309 of the Penal Code","author":"Bhumika Indulia","date":"March 2, 2023","format":false,"excerpt":"by Harshita Gupta\u2020","rel":"","context":"In "Articles"","block_context":{"text":"Articles","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/mental-health\/articles\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/MicrosoftTeams-image-587.png?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/MicrosoftTeams-image-587.png?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/MicrosoftTeams-image-587.png?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/MicrosoftTeams-image-587.png?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":295710,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2023\/06\/30\/kerala-high-court-directs-sensitizing-police-officers-for-effective-compliance-of-mental-healthcare-act-2017\/","url_meta":{"origin":342282,"position":3},"title":"Kerala High Court directs sensitizing Police Officers for effective compliance of Mental Healthcare Act 2017","author":"Ridhi","date":"June 30, 2023","format":false,"excerpt":"Kerala High Court said that a fair and impartial trial is an insegregable facet of Article 21 which aims that the accused is not prejudiced, injustice is ostracised and fairness is not hampered in the interest of the accused, victim and society.","rel":"","context":"In "Case Briefs"","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"kerala high court","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/kerala-high-court.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/kerala-high-court.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/kerala-high-court.webp?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/kerala-high-court.webp?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":206702,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2018\/12\/12\/criminal-proceedings-can-be-quashed-under-section-482-crpc-if-the-offence-is-not-of-grave-nature-and-personal-dispute-is-amicably-settled-between-the-parties-kerala-hc\/","url_meta":{"origin":342282,"position":4},"title":"Criminal proceedings can be quashed under Section 482 CrPC if the offence is not of grave nature and personal dispute is amicably settled between parties: Kerala HC","author":"Bhumika Indulia","date":"December 12, 2018","format":false,"excerpt":"Kerala High Court: A Single Judge Bench comprising of Raja Vijayaraghavan V, J. invoked its extraordinary powers under Section 482 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 and quashed criminal proceedings pending against the petitioners in view of resolution of dispute between the warring parties. The petitioners herein were accused\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Case Briefs"","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":222287,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2019\/11\/19\/ker-hc-sanction-under-s-196-of-crpc-ought-to-have-been-obtained-for-an-offence-under-s-124-a-of-penal-code-1860\/","url_meta":{"origin":342282,"position":5},"title":"Ker HC | Sanction under S. 196 of CrPC ought to have been obtained for an offence under S. 124 A of Penal Code, 1860","author":"Bhumika Indulia","date":"November 19, 2019","format":false,"excerpt":"Kerala High Court: Raja Vijayaraghavan V, J. while allowing the revision petition, discharged the petitioner and set aside all orders by Sessions Court incriminating him. 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